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绿野仙踪

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三条路同时走

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一条都到不了

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你有没有过这种时候

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你同时报了三门课

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买了五本书

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关注了七个博主

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下载了十几个冥想软件

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每一样你都觉得有道理

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每一样你都浅尝辄止

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半年过去了

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你发现自己哪一样都没真正入门

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你不是懒

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你很努力

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你比大多数人都认真

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但你就是到不了

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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今天要聊的这本书

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你大概率没读过

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它叫绿野仙踪

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但不是美国那个小女孩去翡翠城的故事

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这是清代乾隆年间

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一个叫李百川的人

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写的长篇章回体小说

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一百回

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它融合了神魔 世情 历史于一体

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有学者把它跟红楼梦 儒林外史

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并称为清代中叶三大小说

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但今天知道这本书的人

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少之又少

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为什么说它冷僻

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因为绿野仙踪这个书名被美国那本童话占了

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一提绿野仙踪

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所有人想到的都是多萝西和她的小狗

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但中国这本绿野仙踪

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比美国那本早了一百多年

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它在文学史上有独立的地位

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只是今天很少有人知道了

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我第一次翻开这本书的时候

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也以为不过是一本旧小说

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讲些道士炼丹 神仙打架的套路故事

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但越读越觉得不对

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这本书真正在写的

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不是神仙

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是一种心理状态

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一种我们今天几乎每个人都有的心理状态

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什么状态呢

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就是什么都信一点

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什么都不彻底

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书的主角叫冷于冰

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一个富家书生

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年轻时候聪明好学

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考场上被翰林编修评为解元之才

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仕途本来离他很近

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但他赶上了一个黑暗的时代

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当朝奸相严嵩一手遮天

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冷于冰亲眼看着严嵩排除异己 陷害忠良

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自己的榜首名次也被严嵩一张纸条抹掉了

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恩师又在这时病故

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他不是看透了功名利禄

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他是亲身经历了功名利禄被权力碾碎的全过程

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正是这种绝望

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加上对人生无常的触动

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让他做了一个在旁人看来非常极端的决定

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他弃家出走了

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安顿好妻儿

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去寻仙访道

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到这里为止

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故事听起来很干脆

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一个人被现实打碎了

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绝望了

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走了

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但真正的纠缠

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从这里才开始

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冷于冰离开家以后

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你以为他会一门心思修道

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找到一个师父

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安安心心地炼内丹 求长生

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他确实这么做了一段时间

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书中写到他拜在一位异人门下

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学习修道炼术之法

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在深山里苦修

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那段日子

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他确实是一个清修者

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但没过多久

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他就坐不住了

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为什么坐不住

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因为他听到了人间的消息

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哪里有冤案

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哪里有恶霸欺压百姓

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哪里有天灾人祸

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他一听到这些

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那股读书人的血就上来了

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他下山了

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他去救人

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他用自己修来的本事

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惩恶扬善

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为民除害

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而且这不只是一个插曲

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全书的叙事

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就是在修炼和济世之间来回切换

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冷于冰学成法术之后

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花了大量篇幅在人间降妖除邪

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收服徒弟

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扶危济困

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他明明在修超越世俗的道

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做的却是世俗里最接地气的事

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这种张力

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贯穿了整部小说

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你把这种张力拎出来看

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就能看到至少两股力量在这个人身上同时拉扯

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第一股是儒家的力量

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冷于冰虽然已经离开了仕途

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但他骨子里那种以天下为己任的本能从来没丢掉过

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他一路上做的事

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大量都是济世的事

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他收徒弟

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管闲事

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扶弱锄强

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书中写到他甚至为了帮助一个蒙冤的人

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不惜动用神通介入人间纠纷

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这不是一个出世者的做法

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这是一个儒生穿上了道袍

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第二股是道家的力量

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他修的是道术

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追求的是长生和超越

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道家给了他一套完整的方法论

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怎么修

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怎么炼

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怎么一步步脱胎换骨

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这条路有明确的目标

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也有明确的代价

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代价就是你得放下人间的牵挂

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专心致志

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修仙小说里有一个经典的套路

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师父都会告诫弟子

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修行最忌心不专一

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一旦被红尘琐事牵绊

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前功尽弃

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但冷于冰就是做不到

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他每次一碰到人间的事

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就像一根橡皮筋弹回了原来的形状

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但还有第三个视角

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这个视角不在书里

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在书外面

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你去看学术界怎么评价这本小说

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不少研究者说得很直白

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认为绿野仙踪偏重道教

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对佛教多有讥讽

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书里的和尚形象大多是负面的

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不是骗钱就是犯戒

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冷于冰走的

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也不是佛家的路

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可是你注意到没有

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他在修道这条路上碰到的那些坎

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放不下功名

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放不下济世

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连长生本身都变成了一种执着

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这些东西换一个名字

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就是佛学讲的执着

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放下一切执着

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不只是放下功名利禄

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还包括放下对长生的执着

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放下对济世的执着

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也就是说

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他前面追求的那两样东西

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本身就是障碍

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冷于冰自己看不见这一层

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但我们站在两百多年后

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可以替他看见

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你可能会说

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儒释道不是古人常说的三教合一吗

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听起来很和谐

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好像把三家的精华捏在一起

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圆融无碍

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但冷于冰走的那条路

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从头到尾都不圆融

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他连书里那两条路都没走通

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儒家的入世和道家的出世在他身上打了一辈子的架

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而当我们拿佛学的眼光回头看他的时候

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又发现他连这场架的本质都没弄清楚

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我读到这里的时候

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忽然想起一件事

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你可能也见过这样的人

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或者你自己就是

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同时信佛 信塔罗 信正念冥想

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信显化学 信中医养生

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信量子力学跟灵性有关

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每一样都能让你感到片刻的安慰

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但你有没有认真想过

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这些东西之间其实有冲突

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正念冥想告诉你接纳当下

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显化学告诉你主动创造未来

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佛学告诉你放下欲望

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某些灵性课程告诉你拥抱欲望

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它们不可能同时指向同一个方向

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但你不去处理这个冲突

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你只是把它们都放在自己的精神货架上

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想用哪个拿哪个

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就像去自助餐厅

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这个也夹一点

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那个也尝一口

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你以为自己在广泛涉猎

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但你的盘子已经满得溢出来了

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你根本没办法好好品尝任何一道菜

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这就是冷于冰的状态

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他比今天大多数人认真得多

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也极端得多

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他是真的拿命在修

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不是嘴上说说

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但即便如此

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他也没有解决那个根本问题

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什么问题

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你到底站在哪里

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佛学里有一个观察方式

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叫三自性

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不是三条路

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是看待事物的三层深度

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第一层叫遍计所执

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打个比方

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你走进一家书店

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看到书架上写着哲学 心理学 宗教

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你以为这三个分类是三种完全不同的东西

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但其实这是书店帮你贴的标签

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不是知识本身的边界

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冷于冰就犯了这个错

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他在书里只碰到了两个标签

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一个叫入世

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一个叫长生

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而我们从书外带来第三个标签

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叫解脱

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他在前两个标签之间跳来跳去

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从来没有穿透标签去看

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这些方向在最深处到底在讲什么

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他把书架当成了知识的全部

238
00:08:28,106 --> 00:08:29,836
第二层叫依他起

239
00:08:30,106 --> 00:08:33,146
就是说所有东西都不是独立存在的

240
00:08:33,146 --> 00:08:35,875
都是条件凑在一起才出现的

241
00:08:36,346 --> 00:08:38,516
冷于冰的儒 释 道

242
00:08:38,627 --> 00:08:40,756
并不是三块互不相干的铁板

243
00:08:41,026 --> 00:08:44,156
它们在中国文化的土壤里已经生长了上千年

244
00:08:44,306 --> 00:08:45,225
你中有我

245
00:08:45,227 --> 00:08:46,276
我中有你

246
00:08:46,426 --> 00:08:47,705
它们之间的边界

247
00:08:47,707 --> 00:08:49,996
远没有标签上写的那么分明

248
00:08:50,426 --> 00:08:52,356
但冷于冰看不到这一层

249
00:08:52,587 --> 00:08:54,145
他只看到了标签

250
00:08:54,576 --> 00:08:56,544
第三层叫圆成实

251
00:08:56,976 --> 00:08:58,084
当你穿透标签

252
00:08:58,376 --> 00:09:00,105
又看到了条件的网络

253
00:09:00,135 --> 00:09:02,145
你就能碰到那个底层的东西

254
00:09:02,696 --> 00:09:04,975
当你不再把标签当成实有

255
00:09:04,976 --> 00:09:07,465
又看清了它们都是条件凑成的

256
00:09:07,616 --> 00:09:10,064
剩下的就是事物本来的样子

257
00:09:10,175 --> 00:09:12,184
不需要再往上加任何东西

258
00:09:12,895 --> 00:09:14,904
冷于冰如果能看到这一层

259
00:09:15,015 --> 00:09:17,664
他就不需要在三条路之间选择了

260
00:09:17,935 --> 00:09:18,885
因为他会发现

261
00:09:19,175 --> 00:09:20,465
路只有一条

262
00:09:21,015 --> 00:09:22,544
但他始终没看到

263
00:09:22,895 --> 00:09:25,304
他在那些标签之间跑了一辈子

264
00:09:25,336 --> 00:09:27,952
却从来没有撕掉过任何一张

265
00:09:28,503 --> 00:09:29,333
为什么没看到

266
00:09:29,783 --> 00:09:32,152
因为他一直在往自己身上加东西

267
00:09:32,584 --> 00:09:33,652
加儒家的责任

268
00:09:33,984 --> 00:09:35,393
加道家的功法

269
00:09:35,503 --> 00:09:36,833
一层套一层

270
00:09:37,143 --> 00:09:38,912
他的行李越来越重

271
00:09:39,143 --> 00:09:40,253
他走得非常努力

272
00:09:40,623 --> 00:09:42,113
但他从来没想过

273
00:09:42,143 --> 00:09:44,233
也许问题不是路不够多

274
00:09:44,303 --> 00:09:46,538
而是背的东西太多了

275
00:09:46,970 --> 00:09:49,418
这恰好是如来藏思想的核心

276
00:09:50,009 --> 00:09:51,239
如来藏说的是什么

277
00:09:51,850 --> 00:09:54,058
说的是你本来就具足一切

278
00:09:54,490 --> 00:09:56,899
你不需要从外面获取任何东西

279
00:09:57,450 --> 00:09:58,678
你缺的不是知识

280
00:09:58,889 --> 00:09:59,849
不是法门

281
00:09:59,850 --> 00:10:00,899
不是体系

282
00:10:01,330 --> 00:10:03,779
你缺的是一面干净的镜子

283
00:10:04,289 --> 00:10:05,899
镜子一直都在那里

284
00:10:06,210 --> 00:10:07,979
只是上面蒙了太多灰

285
00:10:08,490 --> 00:10:10,658
修行不是往镜子上贴东西

286
00:10:11,049 --> 00:10:12,359
是把灰擦掉

287
00:10:12,830 --> 00:10:13,920
冷于冰的问题

288
00:10:14,110 --> 00:10:16,560
从如来藏的角度看就很清楚了

289
00:10:16,830 --> 00:10:18,320
他不是修得不够

290
00:10:18,791 --> 00:10:20,040
他是修得太杂

291
00:10:20,750 --> 00:10:23,879
他以为把更多的东西装进自己的行囊

292
00:10:24,110 --> 00:10:25,399
就能走到终点

293
00:10:25,830 --> 00:10:28,269
但行囊本身就是负担

294
00:10:28,819 --> 00:10:30,948
我有时候也会掉进这个陷阱

295
00:10:31,260 --> 00:10:32,989
你可能也有过这种时候

296
00:10:33,580 --> 00:10:35,229
你觉得自己还不够好

297
00:10:35,380 --> 00:10:38,588
还差一个方法 一本书 一位老师

298
00:10:38,819 --> 00:10:40,788
你不停地在外面找答案

299
00:10:41,019 --> 00:10:41,928
找到了新东西

300
00:10:42,380 --> 00:10:43,588
兴奋一阵子

301
00:10:43,620 --> 00:10:44,649
然后又觉得不够

302
00:10:45,019 --> 00:10:45,869
继续找

303
00:10:46,260 --> 00:10:47,729
这个循环一旦开始

304
00:10:48,019 --> 00:10:49,428
就很难停下来

305
00:10:49,700 --> 00:10:52,788
因为停下来意味着你要面对一个事实

306
00:10:53,100 --> 00:10:54,208
也许你要找的东西

307
00:10:54,779 --> 00:10:56,788
从来就不在外面

308
00:10:56,899 --> 00:10:58,349
坛经里有一句话

309
00:10:58,580 --> 00:10:59,408
菩提自性

310
00:10:59,860 --> 00:11:00,948
本来清净

311
00:11:01,100 --> 00:11:01,928
但用此心

312
00:11:02,340 --> 00:11:03,509
直了成佛

313
00:11:03,820 --> 00:11:05,349
六祖惠能说的是

314
00:11:05,419 --> 00:11:09,068
你要找的那个东西不在外面的任何一条路上

315
00:11:09,379 --> 00:11:12,028
它就是你此刻这颗心本身

316
00:11:12,419 --> 00:11:14,269
你不需要跑三条路

317
00:11:14,539 --> 00:11:16,589
你需要的是停下来

318
00:11:16,700 --> 00:11:20,136
看看这个正在跑来跑去的人是谁

319
00:11:20,568 --> 00:11:23,617
这就是顿悟跟渐悟最根本的分别

320
00:11:23,887 --> 00:11:26,697
顿悟不是说一下子什么都明白了

321
00:11:26,928 --> 00:11:27,937
顿悟是说

322
00:11:27,968 --> 00:11:32,337
你不再需要靠一步一步积攒外在的修为来抵达终点

323
00:11:32,527 --> 00:11:35,857
因为你忽然发现你一直就站在终点

324
00:11:36,448 --> 00:11:39,136
冷于冰走的是一条典型的渐悟之路

325
00:11:39,328 --> 00:11:40,396
他一步一步地修

326
00:11:40,727 --> 00:11:41,937
一件一件地做

327
00:11:42,088 --> 00:11:46,217
用几十年的功夫在修炼和济世之间摸索平衡

328
00:11:46,568 --> 00:11:48,296
这个过程非常真实

329
00:11:48,448 --> 00:11:50,296
但它有一个内在的陷阱

330
00:11:50,527 --> 00:11:51,396
你走得越久

331
00:11:51,688 --> 00:11:53,857
你就越相信终点在前方

332
00:11:54,127 --> 00:11:55,967
你越相信终点在前方

333
00:11:55,968 --> 00:11:58,508
你就越不会回头看看自己脚下

334
00:11:59,059 --> 00:12:00,307
坛经里还有一段

335
00:12:00,618 --> 00:12:01,488
凡夫即佛

336
00:12:01,859 --> 00:12:03,228
烦恼即菩提

337
00:12:03,538 --> 00:12:05,088
前念迷即凡夫

338
00:12:05,418 --> 00:12:07,027
后念悟即佛

339
00:12:07,299 --> 00:12:08,887
前念著境即烦恼

340
00:12:09,179 --> 00:12:11,108
后念离境即菩提

341
00:12:11,459 --> 00:12:12,328
这段话说的是

342
00:12:12,738 --> 00:12:14,427
迷和悟之间的距离

343
00:12:14,459 --> 00:12:15,248
不是一座山

344
00:12:15,699 --> 00:12:17,147
不是十年苦修

345
00:12:17,658 --> 00:12:19,067
就是一念之转

346
00:12:19,418 --> 00:12:21,508
你这一秒还在烦恼里打转

347
00:12:21,658 --> 00:12:24,108
下一秒你不再执着于这个烦恼了

348
00:12:24,179 --> 00:12:25,307
那就是菩提

349
00:12:25,618 --> 00:12:26,868
不是换了一个人

350
00:12:27,339 --> 00:12:28,208
是同一个人

351
00:12:28,538 --> 00:12:30,488
换了一个看的方式

352
00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:34,249
这跟冷于冰的经历形成了一个非常鲜明的对照

353
00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:36,649
他花了一辈子在外面走路

354
00:12:36,959 --> 00:12:37,868
跑了无数的山

355
00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:39,399
拜了无数的师

356
00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:40,608
学了无数的法

357
00:12:41,039 --> 00:12:43,368
但他可能忽略了最近的那段路

358
00:12:43,439 --> 00:12:45,802
就是回到自己心里那一步

359
00:12:46,273 --> 00:12:48,162
冷于冰最打动我的地方

360
00:12:48,233 --> 00:12:50,963
恰恰不是他最后到底有没有成仙

361
00:12:51,393 --> 00:12:55,723
而是他在修道和做人之间反复拉扯的那种真实

362
00:12:56,153 --> 00:12:59,562
那种明明想超脱却放不下人间的纠结

363
00:12:59,794 --> 00:13:02,762
就是绝大多数人真实的修行状态

364
00:13:03,153 --> 00:13:04,843
不是一条笔直的路

365
00:13:05,354 --> 00:13:07,402
是走一步回头看一眼

366
00:13:07,753 --> 00:13:09,723
每一步好像都在犹豫

367
00:13:09,834 --> 00:13:12,483
但方向始终没有完全偏离

368
00:13:12,818 --> 00:13:13,618
只不过

369
00:13:13,674 --> 00:13:17,802
如果你一直在绕而从来不停下来问自己那个核心问题

370
00:13:18,033 --> 00:13:19,485
你就永远在绕

371
00:13:20,075 --> 00:13:21,385
那个核心问题是什么

372
00:13:21,876 --> 00:13:23,564
不是我该走哪条路

373
00:13:24,116 --> 00:13:25,964
不是哪个体系更正确

374
00:13:26,356 --> 00:13:26,824
而是

375
00:13:27,195 --> 00:13:28,665
我为什么需要一条路

376
00:13:29,155 --> 00:13:30,745
我到底在逃离什么

377
00:13:31,315 --> 00:13:32,995
冷于冰弃家的那一刻

378
00:13:32,996 --> 00:13:35,045
他以为自己在走向觉醒

379
00:13:35,396 --> 00:13:37,844
也许他同时也在逃离什么

380
00:13:38,035 --> 00:13:39,645
逃离权力的碾压

381
00:13:39,836 --> 00:13:42,084
逃离一个他无力改变的乱世

382
00:13:42,195 --> 00:13:46,165
逃离眼睁睁看着好人遭难却无能为力的绝望

383
00:13:46,596 --> 00:13:47,924
他选择了修道

384
00:13:47,996 --> 00:13:51,525
但修道这件事本身也可以成为一种逃避

385
00:13:51,836 --> 00:13:56,322
用不停地学 不停地修来填满那个说不清楚的空洞

386
00:13:56,713 --> 00:13:59,362
书中有一个细节很耐人寻味

387
00:13:59,793 --> 00:14:02,202
冷于冰一生收了好几个徒弟

388
00:14:02,512 --> 00:14:03,622
他教徒弟修行

389
00:14:03,992 --> 00:14:05,641
替徒弟安排前程

390
00:14:05,793 --> 00:14:07,242
操心他们的命运

391
00:14:07,433 --> 00:14:08,181
表面上看

392
00:14:08,473 --> 00:14:10,161
这是一个师父的慈悲

393
00:14:10,512 --> 00:14:11,502
但你仔细想想

394
00:14:11,953 --> 00:14:13,761
一个声称要出世的人

395
00:14:13,793 --> 00:14:16,702
为什么又给自己绑上了这么多新的牵绊

396
00:14:17,353 --> 00:14:18,872
这些徒弟对他来说

397
00:14:18,872 --> 00:14:20,641
到底是修行的助缘

398
00:14:20,713 --> 00:14:22,421
还是另一种形式的执着

399
00:14:23,112 --> 00:14:24,602
他嘴上说在度人

400
00:14:24,673 --> 00:14:27,202
但度人本身也是一条绳子

401
00:14:27,392 --> 00:14:30,561
只不过这条绳子比功名利禄好看得多

402
00:14:30,752 --> 00:14:33,817
所以他没注意到自己被绑住了

403
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:35,256
今天也一样

404
00:14:35,487 --> 00:14:37,537
那个年代讲三教合一

405
00:14:37,807 --> 00:14:42,216
今天讲身心灵整合 全人发展 跨学科思维

406
00:14:42,487 --> 00:14:44,376
名词换了一茬又一茬

407
00:14:44,487 --> 00:14:46,897
但底下那个拉扯从来没变

408
00:14:47,128 --> 00:14:50,177
你不停地在不同的信念体系之间切换

409
00:14:50,327 --> 00:14:52,297
以为自己在兼收并蓄

410
00:14:52,447 --> 00:14:53,287
但也许

411
00:14:53,288 --> 00:14:56,417
你只是在用忙碌来回避一个很简单的问题

412
00:14:56,648 --> 00:14:57,956
你到底怕什么

413
00:14:58,722 --> 00:14:59,842
我常常觉得

414
00:14:59,842 --> 00:15:03,052
今天的互联网让这件事变得更容易了

415
00:15:03,203 --> 00:15:04,362
你打开手机

416
00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:07,171
五分钟就能接触到一个新的灵性流派

417
00:15:07,522 --> 00:15:10,251
看完一篇推文你觉得禅宗说得对

418
00:15:10,362 --> 00:15:13,411
刷到一条视频你觉得显化学也有道理

419
00:15:13,522 --> 00:15:17,131
晚上再听一个播客你觉得斯多葛哲学才是答案

420
00:15:17,443 --> 00:15:18,482
第二天醒来

421
00:15:18,482 --> 00:15:20,612
你脑子里住了十几个老师

422
00:15:20,963 --> 00:15:22,411
他们同时在说话

423
00:15:22,762 --> 00:15:23,791
你谁都听见了

424
00:15:24,122 --> 00:15:25,212
谁也没听清

425
00:15:25,602 --> 00:15:27,371
这不是信息时代的新问题

426
00:15:27,842 --> 00:15:30,812
这是冷于冰两百多年前就遇到的老问题

427
00:15:31,323 --> 00:15:34,011
只不过那时候的货架上摆的是三家

428
00:15:34,163 --> 00:15:36,388
今天的货架上摆了三十家

429
00:15:37,167 --> 00:15:40,670
冷于冰的故事之所以两百多年后还值得读

430
00:15:40,781 --> 00:15:43,121
就是因为它写的不是古人的事

431
00:15:43,432 --> 00:15:45,489
它写的是你正在经历的事

432
00:15:45,841 --> 00:15:49,064
那种什么都想抓 什么都舍不得放的感觉

433
00:15:49,496 --> 00:15:53,441
那种觉得自己已经很努力了但还是差一口气的焦虑

434
00:15:53,752 --> 00:15:58,099
那种在不同的老师 不同的道路之间反复摇摆的疲惫

435
00:15:58,572 --> 00:16:00,348
如果你也有过这种感觉

436
00:16:00,419 --> 00:16:02,154
我很想听听你的想法

437
00:16:02,386 --> 00:16:05,327
你觉得一个人到底应该选一条路走到底

438
00:16:05,359 --> 00:16:06,923
还是像冷于冰一样

439
00:16:06,924 --> 00:16:07,917
什么都试一试

440
00:16:08,973 --> 00:16:09,363
或者

441
00:16:09,775 --> 00:16:11,502
是不是还有第三种可能

442
00:16:11,503 --> 00:16:12,917
就是不再选路

443
00:16:12,988 --> 00:16:16,109
而是先弄清楚那个要走路的人是谁

444
00:16:16,682 --> 00:16:17,354
我是王利杰

445
00:16:17,647 --> 00:16:18,330
我们下期见