1
00:00:00,266 --> 00:00:01,012
范进没疯

2
00:00:01,385 --> 00:00:03,313
是整个社会都疯了

3
00:00:03,505 --> 00:00:04,812
一个五十多岁的老头

4
00:00:05,185 --> 00:00:06,392
考了一辈子试

5
00:00:06,546 --> 00:00:07,793
终于考上了

6
00:00:07,985 --> 00:00:09,333
他看到报喜的榜文

7
00:00:09,705 --> 00:00:10,625
先是愣住

8
00:00:10,625 --> 00:00:11,292
然后大笑

9
00:00:11,705 --> 00:00:12,712
然后疯了

10
00:00:12,945 --> 00:00:15,313
他的岳父一巴掌把他打醒

11
00:00:15,545 --> 00:00:16,213
从此以后

12
00:00:16,585 --> 00:00:18,393
全县的人都来巴结他

13
00:00:18,967 --> 00:00:19,593
这个故事

14
00:00:19,807 --> 00:00:21,814
你大概率在语文课上读过

15
00:00:22,087 --> 00:00:23,206
老师会告诉你

16
00:00:23,206 --> 00:00:25,894
范进是一个可笑又可悲的人物

17
00:00:26,166 --> 00:00:28,334
但我今天想聊的不是范进

18
00:00:28,486 --> 00:00:31,645
是那些从头到尾都没有被人注意到的

19
00:00:31,647 --> 00:00:33,133
更深层的疯狂

20
00:00:33,401 --> 00:00:33,708
哈喽

21
00:00:34,001 --> 00:00:34,468
大家好

22
00:00:34,721 --> 00:00:35,807
我是王利杰

23
00:00:36,081 --> 00:00:38,447
我第一次读儒林外史是在大学

24
00:00:38,681 --> 00:00:40,687
当时觉得范进中举很好笑

25
00:00:40,761 --> 00:00:43,687
一个人怎么能因为一张纸条开心到发疯呢

26
00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:45,319
后来工作了很多年

27
00:00:45,321 --> 00:00:48,447
我慢慢觉得范进的反应其实一点也不夸张

28
00:00:49,135 --> 00:00:52,522
你有没有见过一个人拿到名校录取通知书的那一刻

29
00:00:53,096 --> 00:00:56,083
有没有见过一个创业者拿到融资的那一刻

30
00:00:56,616 --> 00:00:59,455
有没有见过一个人听到自己晋升时

31
00:00:59,455 --> 00:01:01,043
那种压抑不住的亢奋

32
00:01:01,575 --> 00:01:02,202
那个表情

33
00:01:02,535 --> 00:01:04,142
和范进中举的表情

34
00:01:04,175 --> 00:01:05,543
其实没什么区别

35
00:01:05,776 --> 00:01:07,523
只不过我们管它叫激动

36
00:01:07,776 --> 00:01:08,823
不叫发疯

37
00:01:09,175 --> 00:01:11,222
吴敬梓写儒林外史的时候

38
00:01:11,376 --> 00:01:12,323
大概不会想到

39
00:01:12,656 --> 00:01:13,862
他写下来的东西

40
00:01:13,975 --> 00:01:16,582
两百多年之后一个字也没过时

41
00:01:16,776 --> 00:01:17,922
他写的不是清朝

42
00:01:18,216 --> 00:01:19,103
是人心

43
00:01:19,376 --> 00:01:21,823
这部书里有一个最底层的发现

44
00:01:22,055 --> 00:01:23,862
功名不是一个人的病

45
00:01:23,895 --> 00:01:26,034
是整个社会的共同症状

46
00:01:26,228 --> 00:01:28,394
我先从最表面的一层讲起

47
00:01:28,868 --> 00:01:31,115
范进考试考到五十多岁

48
00:01:31,308 --> 00:01:33,594
这件事本身就说明了一个问题

49
00:01:34,188 --> 00:01:35,475
他不是不聪明

50
00:01:35,627 --> 00:01:37,594
他是被一个标准困住了

51
00:01:37,828 --> 00:01:38,894
那个标准告诉他

52
00:01:39,308 --> 00:01:40,995
你这个人值不值钱

53
00:01:41,067 --> 00:01:43,075
不取决于你能干什么

54
00:01:43,108 --> 00:01:45,075
取决于你有没有那个名分

55
00:01:45,507 --> 00:01:47,754
佛学管这种东西叫名执

56
00:01:48,228 --> 00:01:49,534
名执不是贪钱

57
00:01:49,907 --> 00:01:50,954
不是怕死

58
00:01:51,147 --> 00:01:52,954
是一种更隐蔽的执着

59
00:01:53,228 --> 00:01:54,995
它执的不是外面的东西

60
00:01:55,267 --> 00:01:57,635
是一个关于我是谁的答案

61
00:01:57,987 --> 00:02:00,514
范进这辈子只想证明一件事

62
00:02:00,627 --> 00:02:01,754
我不是废物

63
00:02:01,987 --> 00:02:03,415
而证明的唯一方式

64
00:02:03,707 --> 00:02:04,715
就是考上

65
00:02:05,372 --> 00:02:06,298
你注意看

66
00:02:06,411 --> 00:02:09,258
他要的不是当官之后的权力和金钱

67
00:02:09,612 --> 00:02:11,938
他甚至不知道当官该做什么

68
00:02:12,211 --> 00:02:13,959
他要的就是那三个字

69
00:02:14,371 --> 00:02:15,378
中举了

70
00:02:16,012 --> 00:02:17,598
这三个字改变了什么

71
00:02:18,091 --> 00:02:19,258
什么也没改变

72
00:02:19,612 --> 00:02:20,719
他的才学没变

73
00:02:20,971 --> 00:02:22,251
他的身体没变

74
00:02:22,251 --> 00:02:23,978
他对世界的认识没变

75
00:02:24,211 --> 00:02:25,938
变的只有一件事

76
00:02:26,051 --> 00:02:29,138
他脑子里那个我是谁的标签换了

77
00:02:29,452 --> 00:02:31,131
从一个失败的读书人

78
00:02:31,132 --> 00:02:32,978
变成了一个中了举的人

79
00:02:33,332 --> 00:02:34,839
就这一个标签的切换

80
00:02:35,132 --> 00:02:36,179
让他疯了

81
00:02:36,491 --> 00:02:36,999
为什么

82
00:02:37,491 --> 00:02:41,619
因为他整个人格就是围绕着这个标签建起来的

83
00:02:41,931 --> 00:02:43,418
得到的那一瞬间

84
00:02:43,531 --> 00:02:46,219
整个结构同时崩塌又重建

85
00:02:46,371 --> 00:02:47,578
他承受不了

86
00:02:47,883 --> 00:02:50,370
佛学里有一个概念叫末那识

87
00:02:50,644 --> 00:02:53,882
你可以把它理解成一个人内心最深处

88
00:02:53,883 --> 00:02:55,691
那个死死抓住我的东西

89
00:02:56,124 --> 00:02:57,310
它不关心事实

90
00:02:57,603 --> 00:02:58,851
不关心真相

91
00:02:58,923 --> 00:02:59,990
只关心一件事

92
00:03:00,203 --> 00:03:00,971
就是我

93
00:03:01,443 --> 00:03:02,110
我的身份

94
00:03:02,323 --> 00:03:03,203
我的面子

95
00:03:03,203 --> 00:03:05,171
我在别人眼里是什么样子

96
00:03:05,524 --> 00:03:09,090
范进的末那识从小到大一直在做一件事

97
00:03:09,124 --> 00:03:10,971
用功名来定义自己

98
00:03:11,443 --> 00:03:11,951
考不上

99
00:03:12,244 --> 00:03:13,330
我就不是我

100
00:03:13,524 --> 00:03:14,110
考上了

101
00:03:14,284 --> 00:03:15,370
我才能存在

102
00:03:15,763 --> 00:03:17,071
所以中举的那一刻

103
00:03:17,284 --> 00:03:18,890
他不是高兴疯了

104
00:03:19,084 --> 00:03:21,571
是他的自我终于被确认了

105
00:03:21,844 --> 00:03:25,131
一个人等了大半辈子才确认自己存在

106
00:03:25,244 --> 00:03:27,107
这个冲击能不大吗

107
00:03:27,141 --> 00:03:30,420
但儒林外史的真正厉害之处不在写范进

108
00:03:30,421 --> 00:03:32,188
在写范进周围的人

109
00:03:32,581 --> 00:03:34,988
你记得他岳父胡屠户吗

110
00:03:35,340 --> 00:03:36,868
范进没考上之前

111
00:03:36,900 --> 00:03:38,787
胡屠户当着他的面骂

112
00:03:38,900 --> 00:03:40,127
说他尖嘴猴腮

113
00:03:40,381 --> 00:03:41,827
不配做读书人

114
00:03:42,060 --> 00:03:43,547
范进考上之后

115
00:03:43,581 --> 00:03:46,028
同一个胡屠户逢人就夸

116
00:03:46,220 --> 00:03:49,780
说我这个女婿才学又高品貌又好

117
00:03:49,780 --> 00:03:51,708
本来就是有体面的人

118
00:03:51,940 --> 00:03:52,287
你看

119
00:03:52,740 --> 00:03:54,547
变的不是范进这个人

120
00:03:54,581 --> 00:03:56,907
变的是所有人对他的反应

121
00:03:57,301 --> 00:03:58,127
这说明什么

122
00:03:58,581 --> 00:04:01,227
说明不只是范进在执着功名

123
00:04:01,261 --> 00:04:04,868
整个社会都在用功名来给人打标签

124
00:04:05,180 --> 00:04:06,287
你有了那个标签

125
00:04:06,581 --> 00:04:07,507
你就是人

126
00:04:07,661 --> 00:04:08,248
你没有

127
00:04:08,460 --> 00:04:09,428
你就不是

128
00:04:09,856 --> 00:04:12,143
佛学把这种现象叫共业

129
00:04:12,495 --> 00:04:14,502
共业不是什么神秘的概念

130
00:04:14,576 --> 00:04:16,862
它说的是一个很朴素的事实

131
00:04:17,176 --> 00:04:20,302
当一个社会里所有人都相信同一套标准

132
00:04:20,335 --> 00:04:22,463
这套标准就变成了空气

133
00:04:22,775 --> 00:04:24,455
你在里面生活了一辈子

134
00:04:24,455 --> 00:04:27,182
你根本意识不到自己在呼吸它

135
00:04:27,616 --> 00:04:29,422
科举就是那个空气

136
00:04:29,816 --> 00:04:30,682
整个大清朝

137
00:04:31,015 --> 00:04:32,575
从皇帝到村民

138
00:04:32,576 --> 00:04:34,182
都活在一个共识里

139
00:04:34,576 --> 00:04:35,883
考上了就是人上人

140
00:04:36,176 --> 00:04:37,742
考不上就是废物

141
00:04:38,015 --> 00:04:40,494
这个共识不是某一个人发明的

142
00:04:40,496 --> 00:04:42,463
是所有人一起维持的

143
00:04:42,655 --> 00:04:43,854
你在里面长大

144
00:04:43,855 --> 00:04:46,302
你从来没有想过还有别的可能

145
00:04:46,911 --> 00:04:49,959
吴敬梓在书里写了一个叫匡超人的年轻人

146
00:04:50,312 --> 00:04:52,399
他出场的时候是个好人

147
00:04:52,551 --> 00:04:54,959
孝顺 勤劳 读书用功

148
00:04:55,312 --> 00:04:56,918
后来他进入了那个系统

149
00:04:56,952 --> 00:04:58,279
开始结交官员

150
00:04:58,312 --> 00:04:59,139
学会了奉承

151
00:04:59,471 --> 00:05:00,558
学会了造假

152
00:05:00,632 --> 00:05:03,279
学会了把自己包装成一个有功名的人

153
00:05:03,471 --> 00:05:04,219
他堕落了吗

154
00:05:04,671 --> 00:05:06,238
表面上看是的

155
00:05:06,392 --> 00:05:08,159
但如果你换一个角度来看

156
00:05:08,231 --> 00:05:09,630
更准确的说法是

157
00:05:09,632 --> 00:05:12,959
他的深层意识被那个系统重新编程了

158
00:05:13,351 --> 00:05:14,390
在那个系统里

159
00:05:14,392 --> 00:05:16,959
你的自我价值等于你的功名等级

160
00:05:17,151 --> 00:05:19,950
这个公式一旦被你的深层意识接受了

161
00:05:19,952 --> 00:05:23,918
你就会自动做出所有必要的动作来保住自己的等级

162
00:05:24,911 --> 00:05:26,998
撒谎 背叛 虚伪

163
00:05:27,072 --> 00:05:29,279
这些不是因为匡超人天性坏

164
00:05:29,431 --> 00:05:32,519
是因为那个系统把我和功名焊死在了一起

165
00:05:32,911 --> 00:05:35,918
当你的身份和一个外部标准绑定之后

166
00:05:36,072 --> 00:05:37,430
为了维护那个标准

167
00:05:37,431 --> 00:05:39,233
你什么都做得出来

168
00:05:39,586 --> 00:05:41,793
你把这个逻辑拿到今天来看

169
00:05:41,867 --> 00:05:43,074
是不是很熟悉

170
00:05:43,307 --> 00:05:46,514
我见过有人为了一个名校的研究生名额

171
00:05:46,667 --> 00:05:48,833
付出四年最好的时光

172
00:05:48,906 --> 00:05:50,754
做着自己并不喜欢的事

173
00:05:50,867 --> 00:05:52,514
只为了拿到那张纸

174
00:05:52,706 --> 00:05:53,733
我问他为什么

175
00:05:54,067 --> 00:05:55,586
他说没有那张纸

176
00:05:55,586 --> 00:05:57,153
我怕别人看不起我

177
00:05:57,466 --> 00:05:58,374
你听听这句话

178
00:05:58,706 --> 00:06:00,134
和范进有什么区别

179
00:06:00,667 --> 00:06:01,994
唯一的区别是

180
00:06:02,067 --> 00:06:04,233
今天的功名换了个名字

181
00:06:04,307 --> 00:06:06,194
它不叫举人 进士

182
00:06:06,227 --> 00:06:10,954
它叫985 211 大厂 高管 年薪百万

183
00:06:11,107 --> 00:06:11,934
标签换了

184
00:06:12,187 --> 00:06:13,793
结构一模一样

185
00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,807
而且今天的共业比清朝更精密

186
00:06:18,161 --> 00:06:20,608
清朝你考不上还可以回去种田

187
00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:22,007
没有人饿死你

188
00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:22,747
今天呢

189
00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:24,848
你没有那个标签

190
00:06:24,961 --> 00:06:26,728
连面试的机会都没有

191
00:06:27,081 --> 00:06:29,447
整个社会用算法把你筛掉

192
00:06:29,521 --> 00:06:31,127
连理由都不告诉你

193
00:06:31,761 --> 00:06:32,719
你仔细想想

194
00:06:32,721 --> 00:06:35,887
这难道不是一种更精密的集体疯狂吗

195
00:06:36,359 --> 00:06:37,967
我有时候翻朋友圈

196
00:06:37,999 --> 00:06:39,638
看到有人晒学位证书

197
00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:41,087
下面一堆人点赞

198
00:06:41,280 --> 00:06:43,126
我不是说那个证书不重要

199
00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:44,287
我只是在想

200
00:06:44,359 --> 00:06:47,527
为什么一个人需要让这么多人看到自己拿了这张纸

201
00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:48,986
他是在分享喜悦吗

202
00:06:49,479 --> 00:06:50,787
还是在等别人来确认

203
00:06:51,119 --> 00:06:52,186
我现在可以了

204
00:06:52,840 --> 00:06:53,907
如果你仔细观察

205
00:06:54,159 --> 00:06:55,607
你会发现一个规律

206
00:06:55,880 --> 00:06:57,679
越是需要外界确认的人

207
00:06:57,679 --> 00:06:59,607
内心越不确定自己是谁

208
00:06:59,919 --> 00:07:02,046
这就是名执在起作用

209
00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:04,527
它让你永远在寻找一面镜子

210
00:07:04,559 --> 00:07:07,407
希望从别人的反应里看到自己的样子

211
00:07:07,599 --> 00:07:08,946
可是镜子反射的是光

212
00:07:09,439 --> 00:07:10,414
不是你

213
00:07:10,767 --> 00:07:12,935
书里还有一个叫严监生的人

214
00:07:13,087 --> 00:07:14,075
他不追求功名

215
00:07:14,207 --> 00:07:15,455
他追求的是钱

216
00:07:15,888 --> 00:07:18,414
他临死之前伸出两根手指头

217
00:07:18,488 --> 00:07:19,815
怎么也不肯断气

218
00:07:20,008 --> 00:07:21,527
所有人猜来猜去

219
00:07:21,527 --> 00:07:25,775
最后他老婆说是不是嫌灯里点了两茎灯草太费油

220
00:07:25,928 --> 00:07:26,714
她拔掉一茎

221
00:07:26,928 --> 00:07:28,494
严监生才咽了气

222
00:07:28,727 --> 00:07:29,034
你看

223
00:07:29,368 --> 00:07:31,327
这个人到死的最后一刻

224
00:07:31,327 --> 00:07:33,294
执着的也不是钱本身

225
00:07:33,327 --> 00:07:36,054
是那个我不能浪费的自我认同

226
00:07:36,327 --> 00:07:37,815
钱只是他的功名

227
00:07:37,967 --> 00:07:39,407
每个人的功名不一样

228
00:07:39,407 --> 00:07:41,534
但执着的结构是一样的

229
00:07:41,568 --> 00:07:42,914
范进执的是名分

230
00:07:43,167 --> 00:07:44,967
严监生执的是家产

231
00:07:44,967 --> 00:07:46,734
匡超人执的是体面

232
00:07:47,527 --> 00:07:49,974
他们的末那识抓住了不同的东西

233
00:07:50,327 --> 00:07:52,710
但抓的那个动作一模一样

234
00:07:53,464 --> 00:07:55,270
书里还有一个人叫周进

235
00:07:55,703 --> 00:07:56,991
他是一个老童生

236
00:07:57,144 --> 00:07:59,551
考了几十年连秀才都没考上

237
00:07:59,762 --> 00:08:00,503
有一天

238
00:08:00,503 --> 00:08:02,830
他路过一间空荡荡的考试号房

239
00:08:03,303 --> 00:08:04,650
他看着那间小屋子

240
00:08:04,904 --> 00:08:06,310
突然大哭起来

241
00:08:06,383 --> 00:08:07,650
一头撞在号板上

242
00:08:07,904 --> 00:08:09,031
差点撞死

243
00:08:09,303 --> 00:08:10,890
你知道周进在哭什么吗

244
00:08:11,464 --> 00:08:13,070
他哭的不是成绩差

245
00:08:13,464 --> 00:08:15,022
他哭的是这一辈子

246
00:08:15,024 --> 00:08:17,590
自己从来没有被那个系统认可过

247
00:08:18,024 --> 00:08:20,190
他的整个身份是悬空的

248
00:08:20,383 --> 00:08:21,411
他活了几十年

249
00:08:21,664 --> 00:08:23,022
在那个标准下面

250
00:08:23,024 --> 00:08:24,756
他等于不存在

251
00:08:25,109 --> 00:08:26,256
我读到这一段的时候

252
00:08:26,628 --> 00:08:27,876
心里很不好受

253
00:08:28,148 --> 00:08:29,987
你可以试着闭上眼睛

254
00:08:29,989 --> 00:08:31,076
问自己一个问题

255
00:08:31,470 --> 00:08:36,075
如果明天你的学历 你的头衔 你的职位全部消失

256
00:08:36,148 --> 00:08:37,615
你还知道自己是谁吗

257
00:08:38,350 --> 00:08:41,276
如果这个问题让你胸口有一丝发紧

258
00:08:41,469 --> 00:08:43,956
那个感觉就是名执的触感

259
00:08:44,628 --> 00:08:46,355
很多人活了一辈子

260
00:08:46,388 --> 00:08:49,756
其实一直在等一个外面的声音来告诉自己

261
00:08:49,989 --> 00:08:51,355
你可以存在了

262
00:08:51,548 --> 00:08:53,956
这就是名执最深的一层

263
00:08:54,268 --> 00:08:55,137
它让你相信

264
00:08:55,469 --> 00:08:57,708
你必须被某个系统认证

265
00:08:57,709 --> 00:08:58,875
你才是真的

266
00:08:59,110 --> 00:09:00,056
没有那个认证

267
00:09:00,350 --> 00:09:01,716
你就是悬空的

268
00:09:01,830 --> 00:09:02,456
你活着

269
00:09:02,788 --> 00:09:04,336
但你不被算数

270
00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:05,357
佛学说

271
00:09:05,728 --> 00:09:06,776
这是颠倒

272
00:09:07,128 --> 00:09:09,536
你把不是你的东西当成了你

273
00:09:09,690 --> 00:09:12,576
然后用一辈子去维护那个不是你的东西

274
00:09:13,128 --> 00:09:15,257
功名就是那个不是你的东西

275
00:09:15,648 --> 00:09:16,916
它是一个社会约定

276
00:09:17,128 --> 00:09:18,617
一个共同的幻觉

277
00:09:19,050 --> 00:09:19,757
它有用吗

278
00:09:20,248 --> 00:09:22,137
在那个系统里当然有用

279
00:09:22,410 --> 00:09:23,357
但它是你吗

280
00:09:23,930 --> 00:09:24,976
从来不是

281
00:09:25,811 --> 00:09:27,658
周进撞号板那一刻

282
00:09:27,691 --> 00:09:30,778
其实是他的身体在替他说出一句话

283
00:09:30,971 --> 00:09:32,891
这句话他自己说不出来

284
00:09:32,892 --> 00:09:34,610
但他的身体说出来了

285
00:09:34,612 --> 00:09:36,138
就是我不甘心

286
00:09:36,571 --> 00:09:37,479
我活了一辈子

287
00:09:37,691 --> 00:09:39,498
我不甘心没有被看见

288
00:09:39,811 --> 00:09:40,898
可是你想想

289
00:09:40,931 --> 00:09:44,038
谁规定了被看见的方式只有考上这一种

290
00:09:44,811 --> 00:09:46,378
是那个系统规定的

291
00:09:46,691 --> 00:09:47,439
而那个系统

292
00:09:47,811 --> 00:09:50,417
是所有人一起维持的

293
00:09:50,970 --> 00:09:53,050
但儒林外史最有意思的地方

294
00:09:53,051 --> 00:09:54,570
是它不只写疯子

295
00:09:54,570 --> 00:09:56,218
也写了几个清醒的人

296
00:09:56,450 --> 00:09:59,017
书的第一章就写了一个人叫王冕

297
00:09:59,411 --> 00:10:00,397
他是放牛的

298
00:10:00,690 --> 00:10:01,817
画画画得好

299
00:10:02,051 --> 00:10:04,258
很多官员想请他出山做官

300
00:10:04,291 --> 00:10:05,417
他一概不见

301
00:10:05,771 --> 00:10:07,338
他不是在装清高

302
00:10:07,411 --> 00:10:09,657
他是天然地看到了一件事

303
00:10:10,051 --> 00:10:12,417
功名和他这个人没有关系

304
00:10:12,730 --> 00:10:15,697
他不需要一个头衔来证明自己会画画

305
00:10:16,171 --> 00:10:18,657
画画这件事本身就是全部

306
00:10:19,335 --> 00:10:20,422
还有杜少卿

307
00:10:20,855 --> 00:10:21,641
他出身好

308
00:10:21,975 --> 00:10:22,861
有功名

309
00:10:23,015 --> 00:10:24,741
但他把功名当废纸

310
00:10:25,095 --> 00:10:26,521
朝廷征辟他去做官

311
00:10:27,054 --> 00:10:28,542
他装病推掉了

312
00:10:28,735 --> 00:10:29,842
别人觉得他疯了

313
00:10:30,255 --> 00:10:31,942
放着大好前程不要

314
00:10:32,294 --> 00:10:34,021
但他说的话很简单

315
00:10:34,215 --> 00:10:35,621
我不需要这些东西

316
00:10:36,375 --> 00:10:37,861
从佛学的角度看

317
00:10:37,934 --> 00:10:40,062
这两个人有一个共同点

318
00:10:40,495 --> 00:10:43,501
他们的深层意识没有和功名绑定

319
00:10:43,934 --> 00:10:45,221
他们的我是谁

320
00:10:45,294 --> 00:10:47,582
不需要外面那个系统来回答

321
00:10:47,975 --> 00:10:48,721
王冕画画

322
00:10:49,215 --> 00:10:51,221
画的好不好他自己知道

323
00:10:51,534 --> 00:10:52,822
杜少卿活着

324
00:10:52,934 --> 00:10:55,182
活的怎么样他自己感受得到

325
00:10:55,534 --> 00:10:58,861
他们不需要一个标签来确认自己的存在

326
00:10:59,255 --> 00:11:01,661
这就是解脱的样子

327
00:11:02,173 --> 00:11:03,013
说实话

328
00:11:03,013 --> 00:11:06,421
我一开始读到王冕的时候并不觉得他有什么了不起

329
00:11:06,773 --> 00:11:08,080
一个放牛的不当官

330
00:11:08,413 --> 00:11:09,860
有什么值得写的

331
00:11:10,173 --> 00:11:11,860
后来我才慢慢想明白

332
00:11:11,934 --> 00:11:14,373
他了不起的地方不是拒绝了什么

333
00:11:14,373 --> 00:11:16,100
而是他从来不需要

334
00:11:16,613 --> 00:11:18,172
他的自我是完整的

335
00:11:18,173 --> 00:11:20,700
不需要外面再贴一层东西上去

336
00:11:20,934 --> 00:11:23,381
这在佛学里叫本自具足

337
00:11:23,854 --> 00:11:25,493
你本来就是完整的

338
00:11:25,493 --> 00:11:27,781
不需要任何外在的东西来补

339
00:11:28,054 --> 00:11:29,120
功名补不了你

340
00:11:29,334 --> 00:11:30,700
金钱补不了你

341
00:11:30,773 --> 00:11:32,781
别人的认可也补不了你

342
00:11:33,054 --> 00:11:34,340
因为你没有缺

343
00:11:34,734 --> 00:11:36,381
是你以为自己有缺

344
00:11:36,413 --> 00:11:39,908
然后花了一辈子去填一个不存在的洞

345
00:11:40,262 --> 00:11:41,888
解脱不是离开社会

346
00:11:42,142 --> 00:11:43,220
不是不工作

347
00:11:43,221 --> 00:11:44,388
不是不考试

348
00:11:44,701 --> 00:11:46,181
解脱是你去做了

349
00:11:46,181 --> 00:11:48,428
但你不用结果来定义自己

350
00:11:48,701 --> 00:11:49,528
你考上了

351
00:11:49,821 --> 00:11:50,308
好

352
00:11:50,542 --> 00:11:51,249
你没考上

353
00:11:51,662 --> 00:11:52,349
也好

354
00:11:52,542 --> 00:11:54,021
因为你清楚地知道

355
00:11:54,022 --> 00:11:56,679
那个标签从来就不是你

356
00:11:56,712 --> 00:11:57,679
我常常想

357
00:11:57,712 --> 00:12:00,150
吴敬梓可能是中国文学史上

358
00:12:00,151 --> 00:12:02,558
最早发现共业这个东西的人

359
00:12:02,911 --> 00:12:03,899
他不是哲学家

360
00:12:04,192 --> 00:12:05,198
不是僧人

361
00:12:05,391 --> 00:12:09,238
但他用小说写出了一件佛学讨论了两千年的事

362
00:12:09,511 --> 00:12:11,438
他写的不是一个人的执着

363
00:12:11,511 --> 00:12:14,638
是一种整个社会共同维持的幻觉

364
00:12:15,032 --> 00:12:16,999
每个人都觉得自己很清醒

365
00:12:17,351 --> 00:12:19,839
范进觉得自己在追求正当的目标

366
00:12:20,191 --> 00:12:22,798
胡屠户觉得自己是在讲实在话

367
00:12:23,191 --> 00:12:25,638
匡超人觉得自己是在适应社会

368
00:12:25,951 --> 00:12:27,151
但从外面看

369
00:12:27,152 --> 00:12:29,599
他们全在同一个巨大的梦里面

370
00:12:29,951 --> 00:12:32,439
这就是共业最让人无力的地方

371
00:12:32,831 --> 00:12:34,678
不是某一个人在做梦

372
00:12:34,752 --> 00:12:36,999
是所有人一起做同一个梦

373
00:12:37,392 --> 00:12:38,178
在这个梦里

374
00:12:38,512 --> 00:12:39,839
谁也叫不醒谁

375
00:12:40,111 --> 00:12:42,031
因为叫你醒过来的那个人

376
00:12:42,032 --> 00:12:44,355
他自己也在梦里

377
00:12:44,628 --> 00:12:48,115
你再回头想想范进中举的那个场景

378
00:12:48,548 --> 00:12:49,215
他疯了

379
00:12:49,428 --> 00:12:49,914
对

380
00:12:50,388 --> 00:12:53,394
但他周围那些立刻改变态度的人

381
00:12:53,428 --> 00:12:54,794
他们不也疯了吗

382
00:12:55,227 --> 00:12:55,975
区别只是

383
00:12:56,347 --> 00:12:57,995
范进的疯看得见

384
00:12:58,067 --> 00:12:59,635
他们的疯看不见

385
00:13:00,554 --> 00:13:03,602
整部儒林外史其实就在讲一件事

386
00:13:03,915 --> 00:13:07,442
一个社会如果把人的价值绑在一个标准上

387
00:13:07,554 --> 00:13:10,482
那每一个人都会变成这个标准的囚犯

388
00:13:10,875 --> 00:13:13,041
有人因为考不上而痛苦

389
00:13:13,155 --> 00:13:15,401
有人因为考上了而膨胀

390
00:13:15,594 --> 00:13:18,362
有人因为维护自己的位置而堕落

391
00:13:18,674 --> 00:13:21,122
所有人都在那个标准下面挣扎

392
00:13:21,234 --> 00:13:23,641
但没有人质疑那个标准本身

393
00:13:23,875 --> 00:13:26,446
因为那个标准就是病因

394
00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:27,926
两百多年前

395
00:13:27,999 --> 00:13:30,286
吴敬梓把这件事写了下来

396
00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:31,186
两百多年后

397
00:13:31,479 --> 00:13:32,767
我们换了标签

398
00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:33,426
换了赛道

399
00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:35,247
但是重新演了一遍

400
00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:36,518
所以你问我

401
00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:38,786
读儒林外史最大的收获是什么

402
00:13:39,280 --> 00:13:41,127
不是看到范进的可笑

403
00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:45,235
是看到自己正在参与的那场集体的梦游

404
00:13:45,667 --> 00:13:46,215
认出来

405
00:13:46,547 --> 00:13:48,235
不一定非得立刻离开

406
00:13:48,587 --> 00:13:49,866
但你至少知道

407
00:13:49,868 --> 00:13:51,874
那个给你贴标签的系统

408
00:13:51,988 --> 00:13:53,453
从来就不是你

409
00:13:53,886 --> 00:13:54,752
不过有一个问题

410
00:13:55,205 --> 00:13:56,972
我到现在也没想通

411
00:13:57,486 --> 00:13:59,772
如果我们都知道那是一场梦

412
00:14:00,006 --> 00:14:01,593
为什么醒过来这么难

413
00:14:02,227 --> 00:14:02,973
我是王利杰

414
00:14:03,013 --> 00:14:04,251
我们下期见