1 00:00:00,260 --> 00:00:02,040 斯多葛不是"忍" 2 00:00:02,240 --> 00:00:05,819 两千三百年最大的哲学误读公元六十五年 3 00:00:05,820 --> 00:00:06,401 罗马城 4 00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:09,881 一位老人接到了皇帝下达的赐死令 5 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:11,060 这位老人 6 00:00:11,060 --> 00:00:13,980 是当时罗马最负盛名的哲学家 7 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:15,780 也是罗马最富有的人之一 8 00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:19,039 他当了尼禄十几年的老师 9 00:00:19,039 --> 00:00:21,879 亲眼看着自己的学生从懵懂少年 10 00:00:21,879 --> 00:00:24,161 一步步变成了残暴无道的暴君 11 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:25,660 而如今 12 00:00:25,660 --> 00:00:26,480 这个暴君 13 00:00:26,480 --> 00:00:27,201 要逼他死 14 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:28,719 他没有逃跑 15 00:00:28,719 --> 00:00:30,079 没有跪地求饶 16 00:00:30,079 --> 00:00:31,501 更没有崩溃失控 17 00:00:32,340 --> 00:00:34,000 士兵赶到他家的时候 18 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:35,640 他正和妻子保利娜 19 00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:37,620 还有两位好友一起吃着晚饭 20 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:40,359 他轻声安慰了悲痛的妻子 21 00:00:40,359 --> 00:00:42,800 随后平静地切开了自己手腕的血管 22 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:44,619 可血流得太慢 23 00:00:44,619 --> 00:00:47,240 他又接着切开腿上的血管 24 00:00:47,240 --> 00:00:49,340 依旧没能快速离世 25 00:00:49,340 --> 00:00:51,359 他喝下提前备好的毒药 26 00:00:51,359 --> 00:00:52,260 也没有起效 27 00:00:53,119 --> 00:00:53,719 最后 28 00:00:53,719 --> 00:00:55,920 他让仆人准备了一盆热水 29 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:57,859 在热气氤氲的浴室里 30 00:00:57,859 --> 00:01:00,340 他一边静静等待死亡降临 31 00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:03,060 一边口述着自己最后的哲学感悟 32 00:01:03,380 --> 00:01:03,899 这个人 33 00:01:03,899 --> 00:01:04,801 就是塞涅卡 34 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:06,939 如果你听完这个故事 35 00:01:06,939 --> 00:01:08,500 心里第一反应是"哇 36 00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:10,319 这个人也太能忍了" 37 00:01:10,540 --> 00:01:11,539 那很遗憾 38 00:01:11,540 --> 00:01:14,079 你已经掉进了西方哲学史上 39 00:01:14,079 --> 00:01:16,561 延续时间最久的一个认知误区里 40 00:01:17,420 --> 00:01:18,719 他那一刻的表现 41 00:01:18,719 --> 00:01:19,620 从来不是"忍" 42 00:01:19,799 --> 00:01:20,579 可偏偏 43 00:01:20,579 --> 00:01:22,560 几乎所有人都误以为 44 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:24,401 他是在硬扛、在忍耐 45 00:01:24,980 --> 00:01:25,379 哈喽 46 00:01:25,379 --> 00:01:26,180 大家好 47 00:01:26,180 --> 00:01:26,921 我是王利杰 48 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,118 今天这条视频 49 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,659 是我全新系列的第一集 50 00:01:31,659 --> 00:01:35,301 这个系列叫做<理性之火:斯多葛修行录> 51 00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:38,120 我要做的事其实很简单 52 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:39,799 就是把西方历史上 53 00:01:39,799 --> 00:01:42,039 流传最久、影响最广 54 00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:46,239 同时也被大众误读得最厉害的一套人生修行体系 55 00:01:46,239 --> 00:01:49,201 完完整整、明明白白地拆解给大家看 56 00:01:49,459 --> 00:01:50,780 正式开讲之前 57 00:01:50,780 --> 00:01:52,481 我先跟大家说句心里话 58 00:01:53,260 --> 00:01:55,500 关注我频道的朋友都知道 59 00:01:55,500 --> 00:01:57,500 之前我讲佛学的时候 60 00:01:57,500 --> 00:02:01,819 反复强调过一个态度:我不是任何流派的传道者 61 00:02:01,819 --> 00:02:03,201 也不代表任何宗派 62 00:02:03,900 --> 00:02:04,939 佛学也好 63 00:02:04,939 --> 00:02:06,340 科学也罢 64 00:02:06,340 --> 00:02:07,260 所有的学问 65 00:02:07,260 --> 00:02:09,721 都是帮我们渡过人生长河的工具 66 00:02:10,819 --> 00:02:12,659 今天开始讲斯多葛 67 00:02:12,659 --> 00:02:13,980 我的立场完全一样 68 00:02:14,259 --> 00:02:16,099 我不代表斯多葛 69 00:02:16,099 --> 00:02:18,460 斯多葛也不需要我来代表 70 00:02:18,460 --> 00:02:21,680 我只是一个在生活里摸索前行的人 71 00:02:21,680 --> 00:02:24,120 偶然摸到了一块好用的"石头" 72 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:25,961 想把这份体会分享给大家 73 00:02:26,340 --> 00:02:26,620 好 74 00:02:26,620 --> 00:02:27,600 咱们言归正传 75 00:02:28,099 --> 00:02:31,960 我先问大家一个问题:一听到"斯多葛"这三个字 76 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:34,939 你脑子里最先冒出来的画面是什么 77 00:02:35,060 --> 00:02:35,780 我猜 78 00:02:35,780 --> 00:02:39,680 大概率逃不开这几种:咬紧牙关硬撑 79 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:41,539 面无表情不动声色 80 00:02:41,539 --> 00:02:43,901 受了委屈打落牙齿往肚里咽 81 00:02:44,199 --> 00:02:45,639 再时髦一点的说法 82 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:47,500 就是情绪管理大师 83 00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:49,419 遇到逆境稳如泰山 84 00:02:49,419 --> 00:02:50,920 内心半点波澜都没有 85 00:02:51,539 --> 00:02:55,319 大家去翻一翻中文互联网上关于斯多葛的内容 86 00:02:55,319 --> 00:02:56,960 十条里有八条 87 00:02:56,960 --> 00:02:59,159 都在教你"怎么像斯多葛一样忍耐" 88 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:01,840 抖音上那些讲斯多葛的视频 89 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:03,979 配的全是黑白滤镜 90 00:03:03,979 --> 00:03:06,460 一个男人在雨里独自前行 91 00:03:06,460 --> 00:03:08,360 背景音乐低沉厚重 92 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:10,439 字幕写着"真正的强者 93 00:03:10,439 --> 00:03:11,599 从不外露情绪" 94 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:12,939 这个大众印象 95 00:03:12,939 --> 00:03:14,460 问题到底出在哪 96 00:03:14,539 --> 00:03:16,920 答案很直接:这根本就是错的 97 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:20,240 不是说这个印象完全凭空而来 98 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:23,620 而是它把斯多葛这套博大精深的体系 99 00:03:23,620 --> 00:03:25,140 彻底窄化、扭曲了 100 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:27,099 大家看到的所谓"忍" 101 00:03:27,099 --> 00:03:29,560 只是斯多葛里极小的一部分 102 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:31,180 大概只占5% 103 00:03:31,180 --> 00:03:33,879 却被无限放大成了100% 104 00:03:33,879 --> 00:03:35,819 就连这5%的本意 105 00:03:35,819 --> 00:03:36,920 也被完全曲解了 106 00:03:37,159 --> 00:03:38,500 今天我要做的 107 00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:41,419 就是把这个延续两千多年的误读逻辑 108 00:03:41,419 --> 00:03:42,960 一步步拆解开 109 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:46,301 告诉大家它到底错在哪、在哪一步走偏了 110 00:03:47,199 --> 00:03:48,659 这个误读的逻辑链 111 00:03:48,659 --> 00:03:50,020 一共分五步 112 00:03:50,020 --> 00:03:51,939 听起来好像环环相扣 113 00:03:51,939 --> 00:03:53,320 其实第一步就错了 114 00:03:53,539 --> 00:03:56,659 第一步:斯多葛有个核心概念 115 00:03:56,659 --> 00:03:58,960 希腊文原词是apatheia 116 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:02,280 这个词被误译成了英文里的apathy 117 00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:04,520 而apathy在英文里的意思 118 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:06,640 是冷漠、麻木、毫无感情 119 00:04:06,860 --> 00:04:11,199 第二步:既然斯多葛追求的最高境界是"冷漠" 120 00:04:11,199 --> 00:04:13,441 那它肯定就是教人压抑情绪的 121 00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:15,780 第三步:压抑情绪 122 00:04:15,780 --> 00:04:17,240 不就是硬忍吗 123 00:04:17,319 --> 00:04:19,000 第四步:硬忍 124 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:20,500 就是面对痛苦 125 00:04:20,500 --> 00:04:22,740 假装没感觉、不做任何反应 126 00:04:23,300 --> 00:04:25,860 第五步:最后得出结论 127 00:04:25,860 --> 00:04:29,659 斯多葛就是教人绷着情绪、别露怯、硬扛到底 128 00:04:30,060 --> 00:04:30,980 你看 129 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:32,199 这五步推理 130 00:04:32,199 --> 00:04:34,920 单拎每一步好像都有点道理 131 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:36,300 但整条逻辑链 132 00:04:36,300 --> 00:04:38,860 从第一个翻译就彻底断了 133 00:04:38,899 --> 00:04:40,839 apatheia这个词 134 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:42,860 从来都不是"冷漠麻木"的意思 135 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:45,540 这个词的结构其实很简单 136 00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:47,379 前缀a表示否定 137 00:04:47,379 --> 00:04:49,079 意思是"没有、不受" 138 00:04:49,079 --> 00:04:51,720 后面的pathos翻译为"激情" 139 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:52,959 但这里的"激情" 140 00:04:52,959 --> 00:04:56,180 和我们平时说的热情、热血完全不是一回事 141 00:04:56,639 --> 00:04:59,300 在斯多葛的语境里,pathos 142 00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:02,639 特指一种情绪:被错误判断驱使的 143 00:05:02,899 --> 00:05:04,460 下意识的本能情绪反应 144 00:05:05,399 --> 00:05:08,259 什么叫"被错误判断驱使的下意识反应" 145 00:05:08,319 --> 00:05:10,600 我给大家举个最贴近生活的例子 146 00:05:11,379 --> 00:05:13,120 你早上一刷手机 147 00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:15,980 看到自己买的股票跌了3% 148 00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:17,339 瞬间心里一紧 149 00:05:17,339 --> 00:05:18,720 手心冒汗 150 00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:22,300 脑子里立马冒出各种糟糕的念头:完了 151 00:05:22,300 --> 00:05:23,180 全亏了 152 00:05:23,180 --> 00:05:24,300 赶紧割肉跑路 153 00:05:24,740 --> 00:05:26,120 大家仔细想想 154 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:28,879 这个过程完全是自动触发的 155 00:05:28,879 --> 00:05:32,100 你根本没有坐下来冷静分析,3% 156 00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:35,899 的跌幅在市场历史波动里到底算不算严重 157 00:05:35,899 --> 00:05:38,500 直接从"跌了"跳到"彻底完蛋" 158 00:05:38,500 --> 00:05:41,530 中间跳过了最关键的理性思考环节 159 00:05:41,530 --> 00:05:42,699 而这个环节 160 00:05:42,699 --> 00:05:44,640 正是斯多葛最看重的部分 161 00:05:44,980 --> 00:05:47,199 那一刻突如其来的恐慌 162 00:05:47,199 --> 00:05:48,740 在斯多葛的定义里 163 00:05:48,740 --> 00:05:49,959 就是pathos 164 00:05:49,959 --> 00:05:51,460 也就是盲目的激情 165 00:05:52,180 --> 00:05:55,319 不是说恐慌这种情绪本身是坏的 166 00:05:55,319 --> 00:05:57,459 而是它跳过了理性审查 167 00:05:57,459 --> 00:05:59,540 直接绑架了你的判断和行为 168 00:06:00,019 --> 00:06:02,399 所以apatheia的真正含义 169 00:06:02,399 --> 00:06:03,939 不是"没有感情" 170 00:06:03,939 --> 00:06:07,120 而是"不被未经思考的本能情绪牵着鼻子走" 171 00:06:07,699 --> 00:06:08,959 大家发现没有 172 00:06:09,060 --> 00:06:11,000 就这一个词的翻译偏差 173 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:14,420 直接把斯多葛的修行方向带偏了十万八千里 174 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,259 如果apatheia是"没有感情" 175 00:06:17,259 --> 00:06:19,019 那张斯多葛的修行 176 00:06:19,019 --> 00:06:21,199 就是压抑自己、隔绝情绪 177 00:06:21,199 --> 00:06:23,259 把自己活成一潭死水 178 00:06:23,259 --> 00:06:26,139 可如果它的意思是"不被情绪劫持" 179 00:06:26,139 --> 00:06:27,949 那修行方向就完全变了 180 00:06:27,949 --> 00:06:30,920 你依旧能感受到所有喜怒哀乐 181 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:32,800 但你不会让这些情绪 182 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:35,280 不经大脑思考就操控你的言行 183 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:37,000 这不是死水 184 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:40,220 这是表面平静、内里有力量的江河 185 00:06:40,220 --> 00:06:41,279 外表沉稳 186 00:06:41,279 --> 00:06:42,721 内心清醒有主见 187 00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:46,500 而且斯多葛从来不是否定所有情绪 188 00:06:46,500 --> 00:06:47,980 它还有专门的概念 189 00:06:47,980 --> 00:06:49,680 叫做"良性情绪" 190 00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:51,819 指的是经过理性思考后 191 00:06:51,819 --> 00:06:53,680 合理且正当的情绪反应 192 00:06:54,300 --> 00:06:56,860 比如看到不公之事心生义愤 193 00:06:56,860 --> 00:06:58,300 这不是要压抑的 194 00:06:58,300 --> 00:07:00,819 比如对家人朋友满怀牵挂 195 00:07:00,819 --> 00:07:01,760 这不是要割舍的 196 00:07:02,060 --> 00:07:05,040 斯多葛从来没说过"人不能有感情" 197 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:08,459 它只是说"别让没经过思考的冲动情绪 198 00:07:08,459 --> 00:07:09,139 替你做决定" 199 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:12,240 大家都知道马可·奥勒留 200 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:13,699 罗马帝国的皇帝 201 00:07:13,699 --> 00:07:16,980 也是斯多葛学派最有名的代表人物之一 202 00:07:16,980 --> 00:07:18,500 他写的<沉思录> 203 00:07:18,500 --> 00:07:20,140 里面满是真实的情绪 204 00:07:20,399 --> 00:07:21,300 他会焦虑 205 00:07:21,300 --> 00:07:22,420 会烦躁 206 00:07:22,420 --> 00:07:24,839 会为人性的阴暗感到痛苦 207 00:07:24,839 --> 00:07:26,980 他在日记里一遍遍跟自己说 208 00:07:26,980 --> 00:07:28,600 "别生气""别轻视他人" 209 00:07:29,060 --> 00:07:30,079 大家想想 210 00:07:30,079 --> 00:07:33,100 如果他真的是个没有感情的麻木之人 211 00:07:33,100 --> 00:07:37,060 何必每天晚上在日记里反复提醒自己 212 00:07:37,259 --> 00:07:38,060 恰恰说明 213 00:07:38,060 --> 00:07:40,660 他本身是个情绪很丰富的人 214 00:07:40,660 --> 00:07:42,680 只是一直在努力练习 215 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:44,740 不让情绪绑架自己的判断 216 00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:46,899 这和所谓的"忍" 217 00:07:46,899 --> 00:07:48,020 有着天壤之别 218 00:07:48,519 --> 00:07:51,639 再说说另一位代表人物爱比克泰德 219 00:07:51,639 --> 00:07:53,300 他的身世格外特殊 220 00:07:53,300 --> 00:07:54,080 是奴隶出身 221 00:07:54,699 --> 00:07:57,639 有个很有名的故事:他的主人暴怒之下 222 00:07:57,639 --> 00:07:59,038 狠狠扭他的腿 223 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:00,620 他平静地说"你再扭 224 00:08:00,620 --> 00:08:01,680 腿会断的" 225 00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:03,439 没多久腿真的断了 226 00:08:03,439 --> 00:08:06,040 他只淡淡说了一句"我早就提醒过你了" 227 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:07,579 关于这个故事 228 00:08:07,579 --> 00:08:09,139 细节有不同版本 229 00:08:09,139 --> 00:08:13,060 也有学者认为他的残疾是先天或疾病导致的 230 00:08:13,060 --> 00:08:14,579 但不管真相如何 231 00:08:14,579 --> 00:08:16,220 这个故事能流传至今 232 00:08:16,220 --> 00:08:19,460 是因为它展现了一种极端困境下的清醒与从容 233 00:08:20,060 --> 00:08:21,699 大多数人提起这个故事 234 00:08:21,699 --> 00:08:23,399 都感慨他太能忍了 235 00:08:23,399 --> 00:08:25,240 可仔细琢磨就会发现 236 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:26,860 他的反应根本不是忍 237 00:08:27,160 --> 00:08:28,019 什么是忍 238 00:08:28,060 --> 00:08:29,980 是心里痛苦万分 239 00:08:29,980 --> 00:08:32,179 表面强行装作没事 240 00:08:32,179 --> 00:08:33,440 而他不是 241 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:36,058 他更像是跳出了自身的痛苦 242 00:08:36,059 --> 00:08:38,500 站在旁观者的角度看待这件事 243 00:08:39,158 --> 00:08:40,139 腿断了 244 00:08:40,139 --> 00:08:41,820 是既定的物理事实 245 00:08:41,820 --> 00:08:43,379 他坦然接受 246 00:08:43,379 --> 00:08:46,269 但他不会给这件事附加"我好惨""不公平" 247 00:08:46,279 --> 00:08:50,000 "我要报复"这些主观的、未经思考的负面判断 248 00:08:50,820 --> 00:08:52,539 腿断了就是腿断了 249 00:08:52,539 --> 00:08:54,100 他只陈述事实 250 00:08:54,100 --> 00:08:55,760 然后继续过自己的生活 251 00:08:56,299 --> 00:08:58,539 这根本不是忍耐力强 252 00:08:58,539 --> 00:09:00,899 这是一种思维层面的觉醒 253 00:09:00,899 --> 00:09:02,201 是意识角度的切换 254 00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:06,019 爱比克泰德把这个道理总结成体系 255 00:09:06,019 --> 00:09:09,581 就成了斯多葛最核心的修行理念 - 判断纪律 256 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:13,039 意思是:外界发生的任何一件事 257 00:09:13,039 --> 00:09:14,019 传到你心里 258 00:09:14,019 --> 00:09:16,299 最先只是一个客观"印象" 259 00:09:16,299 --> 00:09:18,879 这个印象本身没有好坏之分 260 00:09:18,879 --> 00:09:21,019 可你的大脑会在一瞬间 261 00:09:21,019 --> 00:09:25,640 自动给它贴上标签:这是坏事、这很可怕、这不应该 262 00:09:26,159 --> 00:09:27,320 而判断纪律 263 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:28,899 就是在这一瞬间 264 00:09:28,899 --> 00:09:31,269 给自己的大脑加一道"审查关卡" 265 00:09:32,139 --> 00:09:34,720 有没有觉得这个逻辑很熟悉 266 00:09:34,919 --> 00:09:37,120 看过我讲唯识学系列的朋友 267 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:38,650 应该一下子就想起来了 268 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:40,339 唯识学里说 269 00:09:40,340 --> 00:09:43,979 我们的眼耳鼻舌身意接收到外界信息后 270 00:09:43,980 --> 00:09:46,299 潜意识会立刻加上"我执"的标签 271 00:09:46,299 --> 00:09:50,120 这是我的、这对我有利、这威胁到我 272 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:51,399 而修行的关键 273 00:09:51,399 --> 00:09:54,179 就是在接收信息和产生执念之间 274 00:09:54,179 --> 00:09:55,221 建立一份觉察 275 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:58,259 斯多葛的"印象审查关卡" 276 00:09:58,259 --> 00:10:00,379 和唯识学的"觉察执念" 277 00:10:00,379 --> 00:10:02,519 在实际操作的核心逻辑上 278 00:10:02,519 --> 00:10:03,780 几乎是一模一样的 279 00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:07,879 两者都在告诉我们:人之所以痛苦 280 00:10:07,879 --> 00:10:10,240 不是因为事情本身发生了 281 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:12,719 而是因为你对这件事的本能判断 282 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:14,578 没有经过理性审视 283 00:10:14,580 --> 00:10:15,750 自己困住了自己 284 00:10:16,379 --> 00:10:20,159 这才是斯多葛的真正内核:它不是教你硬忍 285 00:10:20,159 --> 00:10:23,299 而是教你在外界刺激和你的反应之间 286 00:10:23,299 --> 00:10:25,799 建立一道理性的审查程序 287 00:10:25,799 --> 00:10:27,100 掌握情绪的主动权 288 00:10:27,700 --> 00:10:28,480 讲到这里 289 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:30,260 我想把格局再打开一点 290 00:10:30,980 --> 00:10:35,318 如果斯多葛只是一个简单的"别冲动"情绪管理技巧 291 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:37,980 那我根本没必要做一整个系列来讲它 292 00:10:38,659 --> 00:10:40,600 它值得我们深入学习 293 00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:44,020 是因为它是一套完整、可落地的日常修行体系 294 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:45,740 什么叫完整 295 00:10:45,799 --> 00:10:47,740 不是只有空泛的道理 296 00:10:47,740 --> 00:10:50,740 而是有具体的、每天都能做的实操练习 297 00:10:51,460 --> 00:10:53,020 斯多葛有晨间练习 298 00:10:53,480 --> 00:10:54,980 每天早上醒来 299 00:10:54,980 --> 00:10:59,399 提前预想今天可能遇到的不顺:有人会对你态度不好 300 00:10:59,399 --> 00:11:01,080 有人可能会辜负你 301 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:02,461 有些事可能会失败 302 00:11:02,799 --> 00:11:04,539 这不是悲观消极 303 00:11:04,539 --> 00:11:06,458 这叫做"消极想象" 304 00:11:06,460 --> 00:11:07,480 核心目的是 305 00:11:07,480 --> 00:11:09,620 当这些事真的发生时 306 00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:12,159 你不会猝不及防、心态崩溃 307 00:11:12,159 --> 00:11:14,700 因为你已经在心里预演了一遍 308 00:11:14,700 --> 00:11:16,540 现实的冲击力会小很多 309 00:11:17,860 --> 00:11:20,059 做投资的朋友肯定懂 310 00:11:20,059 --> 00:11:22,460 这就像金融里的压力测试 311 00:11:22,460 --> 00:11:24,440 假设最坏的情况发生 312 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:26,940 检验自己的内心能不能扛住 313 00:11:26,940 --> 00:11:29,760 每天早上给自己的心态做一次压力测试 314 00:11:30,620 --> 00:11:32,120 斯多葛有夜间复盘 315 00:11:32,580 --> 00:11:34,000 每天晚上睡前 316 00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:37,139 回想一整天的言行:哪里做得好 317 00:11:37,139 --> 00:11:38,279 哪里做得不对 318 00:11:38,279 --> 00:11:40,279 什么时候被情绪带偏了 319 00:11:40,279 --> 00:11:42,020 什么时候保持了理性清醒 320 00:11:42,700 --> 00:11:44,299 这不是随便写日记 321 00:11:44,299 --> 00:11:46,180 这是在维护自己的内心系统 322 00:11:46,899 --> 00:11:49,360 马可·奥勒留的<沉思录> 323 00:11:49,360 --> 00:11:52,299 本质上就是他的夜间修行复盘 324 00:11:52,299 --> 00:11:54,539 后面我会专门用一集讲 325 00:11:54,539 --> 00:11:57,360 这本书根本不是单纯的哲学著作 326 00:11:57,360 --> 00:11:59,300 而是皇帝的日常修行笔记 327 00:11:59,639 --> 00:12:01,820 斯多葛还有死亡冥想 328 00:12:01,820 --> 00:12:03,840 核心就是"铭记生死无常" 329 00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:05,679 每天提醒自己 330 00:12:05,679 --> 00:12:06,639 生命有限 331 00:12:06,639 --> 00:12:08,860 今天或许就是人生的最后一天 332 00:12:09,639 --> 00:12:11,279 这不是为了制造恐惧 333 00:12:11,279 --> 00:12:12,240 恰恰相反 334 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:15,120 是为了让我们珍惜当下、活在当下 335 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:18,639 当你真正明白生命短暂 336 00:12:18,639 --> 00:12:21,279 才不会纠结鸡毛蒜皮的小事 337 00:12:21,279 --> 00:12:22,760 才会认真过好每一刻 338 00:12:23,379 --> 00:12:25,360 佛学里讲"无常观" 339 00:12:25,360 --> 00:12:27,659 斯多葛讲死亡冥想 340 00:12:27,659 --> 00:12:29,899 东西方两大思想传统 341 00:12:29,899 --> 00:12:32,139 相隔千里、从未交流 342 00:12:32,139 --> 00:12:34,559 却悟出了一模一样的修行道理 343 00:12:34,559 --> 00:12:35,860 这个巧合本身 344 00:12:35,860 --> 00:12:36,980 就足够我们深思 345 00:12:37,460 --> 00:12:38,519 除此之外 346 00:12:38,519 --> 00:12:40,820 斯多葛还有三大核心纪律 347 00:12:40,820 --> 00:12:44,139 欲望纪律、行动纪律、判断纪律 348 00:12:44,139 --> 00:12:46,159 分别对应我们对待内心欲望 349 00:12:46,279 --> 00:12:49,299 日常行事、外界信息的态度 350 00:12:49,299 --> 00:12:52,080 每一条纪律都有具体的实操方法 351 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:54,179 不是虚无缥缈的玄学 352 00:12:54,179 --> 00:12:56,120 是普通人每天都能练习的 353 00:12:56,299 --> 00:12:59,340 晨间预演、夜间复盘、死亡冥想 354 00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:00,980 再加上三大纪律 355 00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:02,759 组合在一起就会发现 356 00:13:02,759 --> 00:13:05,500 斯多葛根本不是空洞的哲学理论 357 00:13:05,500 --> 00:13:07,660 而是一套日常修行日课 358 00:13:08,220 --> 00:13:11,340 有具体练习内容、有固定练习频率 359 00:13:11,340 --> 00:13:13,320 做错了有反思方法 360 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:15,419 坚持下去有精进路径 361 00:13:15,419 --> 00:13:19,539 这和佛学的戒定慧三学、道家的性命双修 362 00:13:19,539 --> 00:13:21,519 本质上是同一类东西 363 00:13:21,519 --> 00:13:23,321 都是实打实的人生修行 364 00:13:23,799 --> 00:13:26,441 这也是我把这个系列叫做"修行录"的原因 365 00:13:26,700 --> 00:13:30,460 如果只把斯多葛当成哲学理论去背、去理解 366 00:13:30,460 --> 00:13:32,220 就像拿到了一份菜谱 367 00:13:32,259 --> 00:13:34,100 却从来不下厨做饭 368 00:13:34,100 --> 00:13:35,800 永远尝不到真正的滋味 369 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:39,279 斯多葛的真正价值 370 00:13:39,279 --> 00:13:41,840 从来不是你认不认同它的道理 371 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:44,720 而是你有没有坚持去做这些练习 372 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:46,760 有没有感受到自己内心的变化 373 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:48,799 两千三百年前 374 00:13:48,799 --> 00:13:50,360 有个叫芝诺的人 375 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:54,460 在雅典市民广场旁边的彩绘柱廊下讲学 376 00:13:54,460 --> 00:13:57,580 这条柱廊叫做"斯多阿波伊基列" 377 00:13:57,580 --> 00:13:59,100 也就是彩廊 378 00:13:59,100 --> 00:14:00,639 斯多葛这个名字 379 00:14:00,639 --> 00:14:02,060 正是来源于这条柱廊 380 00:14:02,340 --> 00:14:04,240 芝诺在廊下讲学 381 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:05,980 来听的人越来越多 382 00:14:05,980 --> 00:14:06,980 奴隶来听 383 00:14:06,980 --> 00:14:07,940 商人来听 384 00:14:07,940 --> 00:14:09,078 政客来听 385 00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:11,380 后来将军、皇帝也都慕名而来 386 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:14,940 一套诞生在街头廊下的朴素哲学 387 00:14:14,940 --> 00:14:17,000 最终走进了罗马帝国的皇宫 388 00:14:17,559 --> 00:14:18,820 整整五百年 389 00:14:18,820 --> 00:14:21,039 帝王将相、底层奴隶 390 00:14:21,039 --> 00:14:22,759 都信奉这套思想 391 00:14:22,899 --> 00:14:26,679 这足以说明:能同时打动拥有一切的人 392 00:14:26,679 --> 00:14:28,220 和失去一切的人 393 00:14:28,220 --> 00:14:31,500 这套思想一定触碰到了人类内心最本质 394 00:14:31,639 --> 00:14:32,701 最共通的困境 395 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:34,480 而到了今天 396 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:36,040 斯多葛再次火了起来 397 00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:40,000 硅谷的创业者读爱比克泰德 398 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:43,440 华尔街的基金经理读马可·奥勒留 399 00:14:43,440 --> 00:14:47,500 美国前国防部长、海军陆战队上将马蒂斯 400 00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,711 在战场上都随身带着<沉思录> 401 00:14:50,480 --> 00:14:51,299 为什么 402 00:14:51,399 --> 00:14:53,000 因为当下这个时代 403 00:14:53,019 --> 00:14:54,600 充满了不确定性 404 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:55,840 我们最需要的 405 00:14:55,840 --> 00:14:58,559 就是一套能帮我们分清"什么能控制 406 00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:01,059 什么不能控制"的思维框架 407 00:15:01,059 --> 00:15:01,779 而这 408 00:15:01,779 --> 00:15:04,160 正是斯多葛最核心的底层逻辑 409 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:04,980 当然 410 00:15:04,980 --> 00:15:06,379 这些更深的内容 411 00:15:06,379 --> 00:15:08,081 咱们留到下一集再细讲 412 00:15:08,940 --> 00:15:09,399 下一集 413 00:15:09,399 --> 00:15:12,659 我会把斯多葛最核心的"控制二分法" 414 00:15:12,659 --> 00:15:13,850 拆解得明明白白 415 00:15:13,850 --> 00:15:17,940 为什么说它是史上最简洁的人生操作系统 416 00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:20,820 它和佛学里的"放下"是不是一回事 417 00:15:20,980 --> 00:15:22,899 很多人觉得它像"躺平" 418 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:24,559 我会明确告诉大家 419 00:15:24,559 --> 00:15:26,259 为什么恰恰相反 420 00:15:26,259 --> 00:15:27,971 它是让人活得更有力量 421 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:29,879 今天这一集 422 00:15:29,879 --> 00:15:33,980 我只做了一件事:把被误读了两千三百年的斯多葛 423 00:15:33,980 --> 00:15:35,500 还原它的本来面目 424 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:36,940 它不是硬忍 425 00:15:36,940 --> 00:15:37,779 不是麻木 426 00:15:37,779 --> 00:15:38,840 不是压抑 427 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:41,139 而是一套完整的修行体系 428 00:15:41,139 --> 00:15:42,960 帮你在世事纷扰中 429 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:44,740 守住内心的清醒 430 00:15:44,740 --> 00:15:46,740 掌握情绪和人生的主动权 431 00:15:47,559 --> 00:15:49,059 我们把一头大象 432 00:15:49,059 --> 00:15:51,460 错当成蚂蚁看了两千多年 433 00:15:51,460 --> 00:15:52,080 现在 434 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:54,600 是时候看清这头大象的真正模样了 435 00:15:54,919 --> 00:15:56,519 最后想问问大家 436 00:15:56,519 --> 00:15:59,360 斯多葛的哪个部分最吸引你 437 00:15:59,500 --> 00:16:02,759 是它的情绪认知、日常修行练习 438 00:16:02,759 --> 00:16:06,460 还是它和东方佛学、道学惊人的相似之处 439 00:16:06,580 --> 00:16:08,899 欢迎在评论区留言聊聊 440 00:16:08,899 --> 00:16:09,899 也告诉我 441 00:16:09,899 --> 00:16:12,020 这个系列你最想先听哪些内容 442 00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:13,700 我是王利杰 443 00:16:13,700 --> 00:16:14,559 我们下期见