1
00:00:00,466 --> 00:00:03,966
龙场悟道：王阳明用半条命换来的八个字

2
00:00:04,866 --> 00:00:06,000
贵州龙场

3
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:06,700
一五零八年

4
00:00:07,633 --> 00:00:09,400
一个三十七岁的男人

5
00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:11,533
每天晚上躺进一口石棺材里

6
00:00:12,333 --> 00:00:13,066
这不是比喻

7
00:00:13,866 --> 00:00:15,600
他真的给自己凿了一口石棺

8
00:00:16,466 --> 00:00:18,533
白天在山洞里读周易

9
00:00:18,533 --> 00:00:20,433
晚上就躺进这口棺材

10
00:00:20,466 --> 00:00:21,966
闭上眼睛

11
00:00:21,966 --> 00:00:23,900
问自己同一个问题

12
00:00:23,933 --> 00:00:25,633
如果明天就死在这里

13
00:00:25,633 --> 00:00:27,566
我这辈子还有什么没想明白的

14
00:00:28,266 --> 00:00:29,133
一年前

15
00:00:29,166 --> 00:00:32,066
他还是北京城里的六品兵部主事

16
00:00:32,066 --> 00:00:33,100
前途一片光明

17
00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:35,533
他爹是当朝状元

18
00:00:35,533 --> 00:00:37,600
他自己二十八岁就中了进士

19
00:00:38,666 --> 00:00:41,400
在整个大明帝国的精英阶层里

20
00:00:41,433 --> 00:00:42,766
他是最聪明

21
00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:43,800
读书最多

22
00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:45,900
志向最高的那一小撮人之一

23
00:00:46,900 --> 00:00:47,633
现在

24
00:00:47,633 --> 00:00:50,266
他住在一个蛇虫出没的山洞里

25
00:00:50,300 --> 00:00:52,900
身边的随从全部病倒了

26
00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:54,766
他自己也染上了瘴气

27
00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:55,533
随时可能死

28
00:00:56,500 --> 00:00:59,333
方圆几十里住的都是语言不通的当地人

29
00:01:00,033 --> 00:01:01,600
没有人知道他是谁

30
00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:02,900
也没有人在乎他是谁

31
00:01:03,700 --> 00:01:05,000
他叫王守仁

32
00:01:05,033 --> 00:01:06,733
后来的人叫他王阳明

33
00:01:07,700 --> 00:01:08,833
某天半夜

34
00:01:08,833 --> 00:01:10,700
他忽然从石棺里坐起来

35
00:01:10,733 --> 00:01:11,533
大喊了一声

36
00:01:12,433 --> 00:01:14,866
史书的原话是不觉呼跃

37
00:01:14,866 --> 00:01:16,600
从者皆惊

38
00:01:16,633 --> 00:01:18,633
他控制不住地叫了出来

39
00:01:18,633 --> 00:01:20,333
睡在旁边的人都被惊醒了

40
00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:22,500
他说了一句话

41
00:01:22,500 --> 00:01:23,866
圣人之道

42
00:01:23,866 --> 00:01:25,266
吾性自足

43
00:01:25,300 --> 00:01:27,400
向之求理于事物者误也

44
00:01:28,133 --> 00:01:29,833
翻译成大白话就是

45
00:01:29,966 --> 00:01:31,500
我找了一辈子的东西

46
00:01:31,533 --> 00:01:32,800
一直就在我自己身上

47
00:01:33,766 --> 00:01:36,533
以前到外面的事物中去找道理

48
00:01:36,533 --> 00:01:37,233
找错了方向

49
00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:42,000
中国思想史上把这件事叫龙场悟道

50
00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,866
它被很多学者认为是过去五百年里

51
00:01:44,866 --> 00:01:48,100
中国哲学最具标志性的重大事件之一

52
00:01:48,833 --> 00:01:50,533
我每次读这个故事

53
00:01:50,533 --> 00:01:53,366
最震动我的不是他悟到了什么

54
00:01:53,366 --> 00:01:55,300
而是悟道发生的地点

55
00:01:55,333 --> 00:01:56,033
一口棺材

56
00:01:56,833 --> 00:01:57,800
不是书房

57
00:01:57,833 --> 00:01:59,033
不是寺庙

58
00:01:59,033 --> 00:02:02,666
不是任何一个你觉得应该产生伟大思想的地方

59
00:02:03,533 --> 00:02:06,766
是一个人被命运剥光了一切之后

60
00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:08,833
在最接近死亡的地方

61
00:02:08,833 --> 00:02:11,633
找到了所有活着的人都在找的答案

62
00:02:12,966 --> 00:02:13,200
哈喽

63
00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:13,866
大家好

64
00:02:13,866 --> 00:02:14,466
我是王利杰

65
00:02:15,266 --> 00:02:17,300
今天这期关于修行的故事

66
00:02:17,333 --> 00:02:18,833
我要拆解的是王阳明

67
00:02:19,666 --> 00:02:23,633
这是我们这个系列第一次从佛学传统走进儒家传统

68
00:02:24,233 --> 00:02:24,933
当然

69
00:02:24,933 --> 00:02:27,766
王阳明本人对佛学有过不少批评

70
00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:30,333
但在认知觉醒的底层机制上

71
00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:32,133
这两条路走到深处

72
00:02:32,133 --> 00:02:33,466
几乎撞到了同一个地方

73
00:02:34,433 --> 00:02:35,433
在开始之前

74
00:02:35,466 --> 00:02:37,133
我想先做一次谣言拆弹

75
00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:41,566
王阳明最著名的四个字是知行合一

76
00:02:42,433 --> 00:02:45,933
如果你问一百个人知行合一是什么意思

77
00:02:45,933 --> 00:02:48,866
大概九十五个人会给你同一个答案

78
00:02:48,866 --> 00:02:50,266
知道了就要做到

79
00:02:51,366 --> 00:02:52,600
知是知道

80
00:02:52,633 --> 00:02:53,933
行是行动

81
00:02:53,933 --> 00:02:57,333
知行合一就是要把知道的道理落实到行动上

82
00:02:58,433 --> 00:03:00,266
这个理解太合理了

83
00:03:00,266 --> 00:03:03,433
合理到你会觉得这不就是常识吗

84
00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:05,700
有什么好专门提出来的

85
00:03:05,866 --> 00:03:08,033
但如果我告诉你

86
00:03:08,033 --> 00:03:11,666
王阳明说的知行合一根本不是这个意思呢

87
00:03:11,766 --> 00:03:12,866
他说的知

88
00:03:12,866 --> 00:03:14,100
不是你知道了一个信息

89
00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:16,200
他说的行

90
00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:17,400
也不是你做了一个动作

91
00:03:18,100 --> 00:03:19,066
他说的是

92
00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:21,000
如果你真的知了一件事

93
00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:22,700
你已经在行了

94
00:03:22,700 --> 00:03:25,233
这两个东西从来就不是分开的

95
00:03:26,066 --> 00:03:28,400
你说你知道应该早起锻炼但你做不到

96
00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:30,133
感受一下这句话

97
00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:32,366
你说这话的时候

98
00:03:32,366 --> 00:03:33,966
你觉得问题出在行动力上

99
00:03:34,900 --> 00:03:37,333
但王阳明会指着你的感受说

100
00:03:37,333 --> 00:03:38,466
你仔细看

101
00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:40,333
你说"做不到"的那一刻

102
00:03:40,333 --> 00:03:43,133
身体里有没有一丝心安理得

103
00:03:43,266 --> 00:03:45,566
那个心安理得才是你真正的"知"

104
00:03:46,433 --> 00:03:49,433
你真正知道的是"睡觉比锻炼舒服"

105
00:03:50,433 --> 00:03:52,333
你以为你知道早起好

106
00:03:52,333 --> 00:03:54,633
其实你知道的是被窝暖

107
00:03:55,566 --> 00:03:57,033
这个区分不是文字游戏

108
00:03:58,033 --> 00:04:01,000
它指向了一个极其深刻的认知机制

109
00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:04,900
一个我们用前几期建立的框架可以精确拆解的机制

110
00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:06,500
不过

111
00:04:06,500 --> 00:04:08,500
在拆解这个机制之前

112
00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:11,200
我得先把王阳明的故事从头讲起

113
00:04:12,033 --> 00:04:16,766
因为知行合一不是他坐在书房里想出来的理论

114
00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:19,700
它是他用半辈子的血泪换来的

115
00:04:20,733 --> 00:04:22,600
王阳明十一二岁的时候

116
00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:25,033
做了一件让所有大人都觉得好笑的事

117
00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:27,266
他问他的老师

118
00:04:27,300 --> 00:04:29,333
人生最重要的事是什么

119
00:04:29,966 --> 00:04:30,800
老师说

120
00:04:30,833 --> 00:04:32,366
当然是好好读书

121
00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:32,933
考取功名

122
00:04:33,666 --> 00:04:34,866
他摇了摇头

123
00:04:34,866 --> 00:04:35,400
说

124
00:04:35,433 --> 00:04:36,166
我觉得不是

125
00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:38,333
人生第一等事

126
00:04:38,333 --> 00:04:39,366
应该是做圣贤

127
00:04:40,233 --> 00:04:42,133
老师觉得这孩子太天真了

128
00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:43,833
他爹

129
00:04:43,866 --> 00:04:45,400
堂堂状元王华

130
00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:47,133
听到以后也哭笑不得

131
00:04:47,900 --> 00:04:49,166
但王阳明是认真的

132
00:04:49,700 --> 00:04:52,400
他开始研读当时的官方哲学

133
00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:53,100
朱熹的理学

134
00:04:53,900 --> 00:04:55,200
朱熹说

135
00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:57,633
天地万物都包含着理

136
00:04:57,666 --> 00:04:58,966
你要通过格物

137
00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:01,533
也就是认真研究外在事物

138
00:05:01,566 --> 00:05:02,300
来认识这些理

139
00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:04,433
格的物越多

140
00:05:04,433 --> 00:05:05,566
你就越接近圣人

141
00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:07,633
二十一岁那年

142
00:05:07,666 --> 00:05:10,300
王阳明决定认真实践一下朱熹的方法

143
00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:13,500
他拉着一个好友到院子里

144
00:05:13,500 --> 00:05:14,833
对着几根竹子开始格

145
00:05:15,866 --> 00:05:17,233
就是盯着竹子看

146
00:05:17,233 --> 00:05:18,733
苦思冥想

147
00:05:18,733 --> 00:05:21,766
想要从竹子身上格出天地之理

148
00:05:22,700 --> 00:05:25,033
他的朋友格了三天

149
00:05:25,066 --> 00:05:27,166
格到头晕眼花

150
00:05:27,166 --> 00:05:27,600
病倒了

151
00:05:28,466 --> 00:05:31,800
王阳明觉得一定是朋友精力不够

152
00:05:31,833 --> 00:05:32,566
于是自己来

153
00:05:33,666 --> 00:05:36,000
结果他硬扛了七天七夜

154
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:37,766
什么道理也没格出来

155
00:05:37,766 --> 00:05:39,466
倒是自己格出了一场大病

156
00:05:40,366 --> 00:05:44,500
这个故事在后来被称为亭前格竹

157
00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:47,066
它被当成一个笑话流传了五百多年

158
00:05:47,733 --> 00:05:51,166
但我想用预测编码的框架做一个不好笑的拆解

159
00:05:52,066 --> 00:05:53,933
王阳明格竹子的时候

160
00:05:53,933 --> 00:05:55,666
他的大脑在做什么

161
00:05:55,866 --> 00:05:57,866
他带着一个极强的预设

162
00:05:57,866 --> 00:06:00,066
竹子里一定藏着天理

163
00:06:00,066 --> 00:06:02,133
然后拿着这个预设去套一根竹子

164
00:06:02,900 --> 00:06:03,900
但竹子就是竹子

165
00:06:04,466 --> 00:06:05,533
它不欠你任何道理

166
00:06:06,300 --> 00:06:07,633
王阳明做的事情

167
00:06:07,633 --> 00:06:10,666
本质上就是用一个自己编的故事

168
00:06:10,700 --> 00:06:12,400
去覆盖眼前真实的东西

169
00:06:13,366 --> 00:06:14,866
他不是在看竹子

170
00:06:14,866 --> 00:06:18,466
他是在把自己脑子里的答案投射到竹子上

171
00:06:18,466 --> 00:06:19,566
然后等竹子点头

172
00:06:20,433 --> 00:06:21,433
竹子当然不会点头

173
00:06:22,033 --> 00:06:23,566
它只是安静地长在那里

174
00:06:24,500 --> 00:06:26,266
更有意思的是接下来发生的事

175
00:06:27,066 --> 00:06:28,566
格竹子失败之后

176
00:06:28,566 --> 00:06:30,500
王阳明得出了什么结论

177
00:06:30,566 --> 00:06:32,200
他没有怀疑朱熹的方法

178
00:06:32,900 --> 00:06:34,233
他的结论是

179
00:06:34,266 --> 00:06:36,966
圣人恐怕不是一般人做得了的

180
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:38,266
我大概没有那个天分

181
00:06:38,633 --> 00:06:40,100
你有没有发现

182
00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:41,833
你自己也经常这么干

183
00:06:41,966 --> 00:06:43,033
方法没用

184
00:06:43,066 --> 00:06:44,333
你不怀疑方法

185
00:06:44,366 --> 00:06:45,000
你怀疑自己

186
00:06:45,966 --> 00:06:46,833
炒股亏了

187
00:06:46,866 --> 00:06:49,300
你不会想这套策略是不是有问题

188
00:06:49,300 --> 00:06:50,900
你会想我是不是不适合炒股

189
00:06:51,633 --> 00:06:52,766
感情失败了

190
00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:55,333
你不会想我们是不是根本不合适

191
00:06:55,333 --> 00:06:56,833
你会想我是不是不够好

192
00:06:57,733 --> 00:07:02,033
人对自己深信不疑的东西有一种奇怪的忠诚

193
00:07:02,066 --> 00:07:03,400
宁可否定自己

194
00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:04,400
也不碰那个信念

195
00:07:05,233 --> 00:07:08,733
于是王阳明把做圣贤这件事暂时搁下了

196
00:07:09,366 --> 00:07:10,433
他去考科举

197
00:07:10,433 --> 00:07:11,533
去做官

198
00:07:11,566 --> 00:07:12,833
去研究兵法

199
00:07:12,833 --> 00:07:13,633
去学佛学道

200
00:07:14,566 --> 00:07:16,300
每条路都走了一段

201
00:07:16,300 --> 00:07:17,700
每条路都没有走通

202
00:07:18,666 --> 00:07:22,300
他像一个不断切换投资策略的基金经理

203
00:07:22,333 --> 00:07:24,766
价值投资试一下

204
00:07:24,766 --> 00:07:27,233
量化交易试一下

205
00:07:27,233 --> 00:07:29,433
宏观对冲试一下

206
00:07:29,466 --> 00:07:32,766
但从来没有停下来问过一个根本问题

207
00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:36,033
我的选股框架本身有没有问题

208
00:07:36,133 --> 00:07:38,333
这个状态一直持续到他三十四岁

209
00:07:39,066 --> 00:07:39,800
那一年

210
00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:42,000
他的人生被一脚踹进了深渊

211
00:07:42,933 --> 00:07:44,033
一五零六年

212
00:07:44,066 --> 00:07:45,733
大太监刘瑾把持朝政

213
00:07:46,566 --> 00:07:47,966
王阳明的同僚

214
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:49,600
南京的几位言官

215
00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:52,233
因为直言进谏被刘瑾抓进了监狱

216
00:07:53,066 --> 00:07:55,366
王阳明上书替他们说话

217
00:07:55,366 --> 00:07:56,500
结果触怒了刘瑾

218
00:07:57,500 --> 00:07:58,933
接下来发生的事情

219
00:07:58,933 --> 00:08:01,200
你需要在脑子里构建一个画面

220
00:08:02,166 --> 00:08:04,266
王阳明被拖到午门外

221
00:08:04,266 --> 00:08:06,300
当着所有文武百官的面

222
00:08:06,333 --> 00:08:07,533
被扒掉裤子

223
00:08:07,533 --> 00:08:09,066
用廷杖打了四十下

224
00:08:10,666 --> 00:08:12,333
在刘瑾主政的年代

225
00:08:12,366 --> 00:08:15,033
廷杖不再是象征性的处罚

226
00:08:15,066 --> 00:08:16,466
垫子被撤掉了

227
00:08:16,466 --> 00:08:19,266
行刑的人是经过专门训练的

228
00:08:19,266 --> 00:08:22,200
能把里面的骨头打碎而外面看不出来

229
00:08:23,033 --> 00:08:25,700
同一时期被廷杖的官员中

230
00:08:25,700 --> 00:08:26,833
有人当场被打死

231
00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:29,000
王阳明没有死

232
00:08:29,166 --> 00:08:31,033
但他被打得昏死过去

233
00:08:31,066 --> 00:08:32,300
扔进了锦衣卫的大牢

234
00:08:33,866 --> 00:08:34,766
醒过来之后

235
00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:36,700
他被判了一个刑罚

236
00:08:36,700 --> 00:08:38,133
贬去贵州龙场驿

237
00:08:38,166 --> 00:08:38,600
当驿丞

238
00:08:39,300 --> 00:08:40,633
驿丞是什么

239
00:08:40,666 --> 00:08:43,566
大约相当于一个废弃驿站的看门人

240
00:08:43,566 --> 00:08:44,966
连正式编制都算不上

241
00:08:45,833 --> 00:08:47,400
从北京到龙场

242
00:08:47,433 --> 00:08:49,766
直线距离两千多公里

243
00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:52,500
走的是当时中国最荒凉的西南山路

244
00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:54,533
更要命的是

245
00:08:54,566 --> 00:08:56,366
刘瑾不打算让他活着到龙场

246
00:08:57,300 --> 00:08:58,300
史书记载

247
00:08:58,300 --> 00:08:59,933
在他赴任的路上

248
00:08:59,966 --> 00:09:01,200
刘瑾派了人追杀他

249
00:09:02,166 --> 00:09:04,233
王阳明走到钱塘江边

250
00:09:04,233 --> 00:09:06,900
把自己的帽子和鞋子留在岸上

251
00:09:06,900 --> 00:09:09,666
伪造了一个跳江自杀的现场

252
00:09:09,700 --> 00:09:11,133
骗过了追杀的人

253
00:09:11,166 --> 00:09:11,966
才捡回一条命

254
00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:14,900
我做了十几年天使投资

255
00:09:14,933 --> 00:09:17,733
见过无数创业者经历至暗时刻

256
00:09:18,433 --> 00:09:20,700
公司账上只剩一个月的钱

257
00:09:20,733 --> 00:09:22,933
核心团队集体离职

258
00:09:22,933 --> 00:09:24,666
投资人全部拉黑你的电话

259
00:09:25,566 --> 00:09:27,333
那种感觉我太熟悉了

260
00:09:28,133 --> 00:09:32,766
但王阳明经历的比任何创业失败都要极端一万倍

261
00:09:32,766 --> 00:09:34,533
他不是失去了事业

262
00:09:34,566 --> 00:09:35,800
他几乎失去了生命

263
00:09:36,666 --> 00:09:38,233
而且你注意一个细节

264
00:09:39,133 --> 00:09:41,666
在他所有的身份标签被剥光之后

265
00:09:41,700 --> 00:09:43,833
他不再是状元的儿子

266
00:09:43,833 --> 00:09:45,833
不再是兵部的官员

267
00:09:45,866 --> 00:09:48,166
不再是北京社交圈的一员

268
00:09:48,433 --> 00:09:50,533
他发现自己心里最放不下的

269
00:09:50,566 --> 00:09:51,666
是什么

270
00:09:51,766 --> 00:09:52,400
不是官职

271
00:09:53,266 --> 00:09:53,866
不是面子

272
00:09:55,066 --> 00:09:56,500
是一个问题

273
00:09:56,533 --> 00:09:58,300
圣人处在我这样的境地

274
00:09:58,300 --> 00:09:59,500
会怎么做

275
00:09:59,633 --> 00:10:02,133
这个问题缠了他整个龙场岁月

276
00:10:02,933 --> 00:10:05,133
他日夜在石棺里想这个问题

277
00:10:06,066 --> 00:10:08,000
得失荣辱他都想通了

278
00:10:08,333 --> 00:10:10,433
唯独生死这一关还没过

279
00:10:11,566 --> 00:10:12,766
他自己说

280
00:10:12,766 --> 00:10:14,400
吾惟俟命而已

281
00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:16,200
我只能等待命运的裁决了

282
00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:18,333
然后某一天夜里

283
00:10:19,233 --> 00:10:22,266
忽中夜大悟格物致知之旨

284
00:10:22,266 --> 00:10:23,933
寤寐中若有人语之者

285
00:10:24,900 --> 00:10:26,600
半梦半醒之间

286
00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:28,333
好像有个声音在对他说话

287
00:10:29,266 --> 00:10:32,700
他一下子明白了格物致知这四个字的真正含义

288
00:10:33,633 --> 00:10:34,866
不是去格外面的竹子

289
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:37,066
是格自己心里的东西

290
00:10:37,933 --> 00:10:39,900
不是向外面去找道理

291
00:10:39,900 --> 00:10:42,966
而是发现道理本来就在你的心里

292
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,500
只不过被太多的知识

293
00:10:45,500 --> 00:10:46,333
恐惧

294
00:10:46,333 --> 00:10:48,366
欲望和别人的期待遮住了

295
00:10:49,266 --> 00:10:50,366
圣人之道

296
00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:51,133
吾性自足

297
00:10:52,300 --> 00:10:55,700
让我用我们这个系列的框架来做一个精确拆解

298
00:10:56,833 --> 00:10:58,566
龙场之前的王阳明

299
00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:00,500
他的认知系统是什么样的

300
00:11:00,633 --> 00:11:03,800
他的大脑里运行着一套极其复杂

301
00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:05,200
极其精密的知识模型

302
00:11:06,166 --> 00:11:10,000
朱熹的理学给了他一个完美的世界图景

303
00:11:10,033 --> 00:11:12,666
天地万物各有其理

304
00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:14,233
通过不断学习

305
00:11:14,233 --> 00:11:15,333
不断积累

306
00:11:15,366 --> 00:11:17,000
你就能无限接近真理

307
00:11:18,066 --> 00:11:20,433
这个模型被他深信不疑

308
00:11:20,433 --> 00:11:22,866
不仅因为它是他个人的信念

309
00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:26,266
还因为它是整个大明帝国的官方意识形态

310
00:11:27,166 --> 00:11:28,933
每一次科举考试

311
00:11:28,966 --> 00:11:30,633
每一次朝堂辩论

312
00:11:30,633 --> 00:11:32,533
都在反复加固这个模型

313
00:11:33,500 --> 00:11:35,700
但龙场做了什么

314
00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:39,900
龙场暴力地把这个模型的所有支撑全部抽掉了

315
00:11:40,733 --> 00:11:41,866
你的官职

316
00:11:41,866 --> 00:11:42,100
没了

317
00:11:43,033 --> 00:11:44,633
你的社会关系

318
00:11:44,633 --> 00:11:44,766
断了

319
00:11:45,566 --> 00:11:46,833
你的物质基础

320
00:11:46,833 --> 00:11:47,100
没有了

321
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:49,233
你的人身安全

322
00:11:49,266 --> 00:11:51,766
随时可能死

323
00:11:52,733 --> 00:11:54,233
你的满腹经纶

324
00:11:54,233 --> 00:11:56,366
在这个连语言都不通的地方

325
00:11:56,400 --> 00:11:57,233
一个字都用不上

326
00:11:58,333 --> 00:11:59,833
龙场做的事情

327
00:11:59,833 --> 00:12:02,666
跟深度冥想的机制本质上是一样的

328
00:12:03,700 --> 00:12:05,700
冥想是你主动放手

329
00:12:05,733 --> 00:12:08,633
一层一层地松开对念头的抓取

330
00:12:09,033 --> 00:12:12,366
让大脑那个永不停歇的预测机器安静下来

331
00:12:13,166 --> 00:12:14,633
龙场是被动的

332
00:12:14,633 --> 00:12:16,300
不是你选择放下

333
00:12:16,333 --> 00:12:19,733
是命运把你所有能抓住的东西全部夺走了

334
00:12:20,766 --> 00:12:23,300
但结果指向同一个地方

335
00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:26,500
当所有的叠加层都被剥掉以后

336
00:12:26,500 --> 00:12:29,833
那个一直被遮蔽的底层信号终于被听见了

337
00:12:30,533 --> 00:12:34,133
这跟我们在前几期讲过的如来藏框架完全吻合

338
00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:37,400
觉醒不是获得什么新东西

339
00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:38,300
而是去掉遮蔽

340
00:12:39,433 --> 00:12:42,500
修行不是往杯子里加东西

341
00:12:42,500 --> 00:12:44,733
是把杯子里多余的东西倒掉

342
00:12:45,733 --> 00:12:48,066
王阳明年轻时格竹子

343
00:12:48,100 --> 00:12:50,100
是在拼命地做加法

344
00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:52,700
往认知系统里灌更多的信息

345
00:12:52,700 --> 00:12:54,033
更多的分析

346
00:12:54,066 --> 00:12:54,766
更多的概念

347
00:12:55,866 --> 00:12:57,366
龙场悟道的一刻

348
00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,633
是所有的加法失效之后

349
00:12:59,633 --> 00:13:00,700
减法自动发生了

350
00:13:01,533 --> 00:13:03,966
吾性自足这四个字

351
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,700
就是如来藏换了一件儒家的衣服

352
00:13:07,566 --> 00:13:09,566
你本来就是完整的

353
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:12,566
不需要从外面找任何东西来补全自己

354
00:13:13,266 --> 00:13:14,200
好

355
00:13:14,233 --> 00:13:15,266
这是悟道那一刻

356
00:13:16,233 --> 00:13:18,333
但更有价值的是悟道之后

357
00:13:19,166 --> 00:13:22,233
悟道之后的王阳明没有留在龙场隐居

358
00:13:23,100 --> 00:13:24,533
他回到了官场

359
00:13:24,533 --> 00:13:26,366
回到了那个最险恶

360
00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:27,733
最复杂的权力漩涡里

361
00:13:28,766 --> 00:13:30,033
一五一九年

362
00:13:30,033 --> 00:13:31,233
宁王朱宸濠造反

363
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:33,566
叛军十万人

364
00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:35,600
控制了长江中游的大片区域

365
00:13:36,533 --> 00:13:39,333
王阳明当时手里几乎没有正规军队

366
00:13:40,333 --> 00:13:43,066
朝廷的军事增援远水解不了近渴

367
00:13:44,033 --> 00:13:46,166
所有人都觉得这一仗没法打

368
00:13:47,100 --> 00:13:49,333
但王阳明用了四十三天

369
00:13:49,333 --> 00:13:50,566
就平定了这场叛乱

370
00:13:51,333 --> 00:13:52,233
他没有硬碰硬

371
00:13:53,166 --> 00:13:54,933
他散布假情报

372
00:13:54,933 --> 00:13:57,600
让宁王以为朝廷大军已经逼近

373
00:13:57,633 --> 00:13:58,966
拖住了宁王的进攻节奏

374
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:03,566
然后他在宁王犹豫不决的那几天里

375
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,700
迅速组织地方民兵直捣宁王的老巢南昌

376
00:14:07,633 --> 00:14:08,733
宁王回救

377
00:14:08,833 --> 00:14:10,800
在鄱阳湖上被他设伏歼灭

378
00:14:11,666 --> 00:14:15,866
这个军事案例在中国历史上被反复研究

379
00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:18,300
不是因为它的战术多么精巧

380
00:14:18,300 --> 00:14:22,133
而是因为它展示了一种极为罕见的决策品质

381
00:14:22,166 --> 00:14:24,100
在信息极度不完整

382
00:14:24,100 --> 00:14:25,833
资源极度匮乏

383
00:14:25,833 --> 00:14:28,266
时间极度紧迫的情况下

384
00:14:28,266 --> 00:14:30,133
做出恰好是最优的那个选择

385
00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:33,000
用投资的语言说

386
00:14:33,033 --> 00:14:35,500
这是在一个极端波动的市场里

387
00:14:35,500 --> 00:14:37,800
在所有模型都失效的时候

388
00:14:37,833 --> 00:14:39,966
凭直觉做出了正确的判断

389
00:14:40,700 --> 00:14:42,000
但这个直觉不是运气

390
00:14:42,766 --> 00:14:44,800
这就是知行合一的真正含义

391
00:14:45,633 --> 00:14:47,866
王阳明面对宁王叛军的时候

392
00:14:47,900 --> 00:14:50,266
他没有时间查阅兵书

393
00:14:50,266 --> 00:14:53,266
没有时间召开军事会议讨论三天

394
00:14:53,266 --> 00:14:56,200
没有时间建立一个电子表格模型

395
00:14:56,233 --> 00:14:57,700
来推演每种方案的胜率

396
00:14:58,166 --> 00:15:02,500
他必须在极短的时间内做出判断并立刻执行

397
00:15:03,500 --> 00:15:06,133
如果知和行是分开的两件事

398
00:15:06,166 --> 00:15:07,166
先分析

399
00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:08,300
后执行

400
00:15:08,300 --> 00:15:09,433
那他根本来不及

401
00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:10,966
但他来得及

402
00:15:11,700 --> 00:15:12,933
因为在他这里

403
00:15:12,933 --> 00:15:15,233
判断和行动是同一个东西

404
00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:17,900
他多年的军事思考

405
00:15:17,933 --> 00:15:19,800
多年的人心洞察

406
00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:22,500
多年对恐惧和贪婪的觉察

407
00:15:22,533 --> 00:15:25,533
已经不是存储在大脑里的知识条目

408
00:15:25,566 --> 00:15:28,166
而是变成了他认知系统的底层参数

409
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,933
他不需要调用这些知识再应用它们

410
00:15:31,933 --> 00:15:34,833
它们已经内化为他观察世界的方式本身

411
00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:38,833
看见了就同时知道了怎么做

412
00:15:38,933 --> 00:15:41,666
知道了和做了是同一件事

413
00:15:42,433 --> 00:15:43,933
这就是知行合一

414
00:15:44,566 --> 00:15:47,266
我做天使投资遇到过一类创始人

415
00:15:47,266 --> 00:15:50,066
他们在危机面前的反应让我非常震撼

416
00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:52,733
不是那种让我冷静想想

417
00:15:52,733 --> 00:15:55,400
然后给你一个深思熟虑的方案的人

418
00:15:56,266 --> 00:15:58,366
而是那种你话还没说完

419
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:00,333
他已经在行动了的人

420
00:16:00,333 --> 00:16:03,000
而且他的行动方向恰好是对的

421
00:16:03,766 --> 00:16:05,533
你问他为什么做这个决定

422
00:16:05,566 --> 00:16:06,500
他说不太出来

423
00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:08,833
他只是知道应该这么做

424
00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:10,733
这种知道

425
00:16:10,766 --> 00:16:13,566
和你在网上看了一篇投资文章

426
00:16:13,566 --> 00:16:16,800
然后说我知道应该长期持有的那种知道

427
00:16:16,833 --> 00:16:18,500
是完全不同的两种东西

428
00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:21,566
前者是真正的知

429
00:16:21,566 --> 00:16:23,000
它已经变成了你的一部分

430
00:16:23,900 --> 00:16:25,633
后者只是信息

431
00:16:25,666 --> 00:16:27,933
它还浮在你意识的表面

432
00:16:27,933 --> 00:16:30,266
市场一波动就被恐惧冲走了

433
00:16:31,366 --> 00:16:34,266
王阳明晚年提出了一个概念叫致良知

434
00:16:35,100 --> 00:16:36,400
良知是什么

435
00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:41,333
他说良知就是你不需要学习就天然具备的那个判断力

436
00:16:42,066 --> 00:16:44,066
你看见小孩掉进井里

437
00:16:44,066 --> 00:16:45,233
你心里一紧

438
00:16:45,266 --> 00:16:46,000
想伸手去拉

439
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,500
那个一紧不是你思考出来的

440
00:16:49,500 --> 00:16:51,200
不是你推导出来的

441
00:16:51,233 --> 00:16:52,366
是你本来就有的

442
00:16:53,300 --> 00:16:56,300
修行不是去学一套关于善良的理论

443
00:16:56,333 --> 00:16:59,266
而是把遮蔽这个天然判断力的东西

444
00:16:59,300 --> 00:17:00,166
恐惧

445
00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:01,000
贪婪

446
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:01,666
面子

447
00:17:01,700 --> 00:17:02,466
计算

448
00:17:02,466 --> 00:17:03,200
一层层去掉

449
00:17:03,733 --> 00:17:05,566
他把这个方法叫事上磨练

450
00:17:06,466 --> 00:17:08,233
不是关起门来打坐冥想

451
00:17:08,666 --> 00:17:10,566
而是在真实的事件里

452
00:17:10,566 --> 00:17:12,033
在真实的困难里

453
00:17:12,066 --> 00:17:16,133
在真实的人际冲突里去觉察自己的反应

454
00:17:16,133 --> 00:17:19,233
去辨认那些反应里哪些是良知

455
00:17:19,266 --> 00:17:20,133
哪些是习气

456
00:17:21,100 --> 00:17:25,333
这跟佛学里的止观修行是同一个底层机制

457
00:17:25,333 --> 00:17:26,266
不追逐

458
00:17:26,300 --> 00:17:27,233
不抗拒

459
00:17:27,233 --> 00:17:27,866
只是看见

460
00:17:28,800 --> 00:17:32,066
只不过止观看见的是内心的念头

461
00:17:32,100 --> 00:17:34,133
王阳明看见的是战场

462
00:17:34,133 --> 00:17:35,000
朝堂

463
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:35,500
和人心

464
00:17:36,566 --> 00:17:37,833
场景不同

465
00:17:37,833 --> 00:17:40,133
但那个看见的动作完全一样

466
00:17:41,566 --> 00:17:43,233
一五二九年

467
00:17:43,233 --> 00:17:45,733
王阳明在从广西回乡的船上病重

468
00:17:46,633 --> 00:17:47,966
弟子问他有什么遗言

469
00:17:48,833 --> 00:17:50,000
他说了八个字

470
00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:50,966
然后闭上了眼睛

471
00:17:51,933 --> 00:17:53,033
此心光明

472
00:17:53,033 --> 00:17:53,733
亦复何言

473
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:56,300
这颗心是光明的

474
00:17:56,300 --> 00:17:57,666
还有什么好说的呢

475
00:17:57,800 --> 00:17:58,866
回想一下这条弧线

476
00:17:59,666 --> 00:18:01,200
十一二岁立志做圣贤

477
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,000
二十一岁格竹子格到吐血

478
00:18:05,033 --> 00:18:06,900
做加法做到极致

479
00:18:06,933 --> 00:18:07,333
失败了

480
00:18:08,100 --> 00:18:10,233
三十四岁被打得半死

481
00:18:10,233 --> 00:18:10,933
流放蛮荒

482
00:18:11,833 --> 00:18:14,266
三十七岁在棺材里悟道

483
00:18:14,266 --> 00:18:15,933
发现答案不在外面

484
00:18:15,966 --> 00:18:16,666
在自己心里

485
00:18:17,500 --> 00:18:19,566
悟道之后不是隐退

486
00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,233
而是杀回最残酷的现实

487
00:18:22,266 --> 00:18:24,566
用事上磨练验证自己的领悟

488
00:18:25,466 --> 00:18:26,900
五十七岁临终

489
00:18:26,900 --> 00:18:28,100
八个字收束一生

490
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,000
这条弧线最让我感慨的

491
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:33,366
不是悟道那一刻有多辉煌

492
00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:36,300
而是悟道之前那十几年的弯路有多必要

493
00:18:37,333 --> 00:18:40,433
如果王阳明没有格竹子格到吐血

494
00:18:40,466 --> 00:18:43,000
他就不会知道向外求理这条路走不通

495
00:18:43,933 --> 00:18:46,966
如果他没有在官场里摸爬滚打十几年

496
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:49,700
他就不会积累足够的人性洞察

497
00:18:49,700 --> 00:18:52,100
来支撑后来的军事和政治判断

498
00:18:52,966 --> 00:18:55,100
如果他没有被廷杖打得半死

499
00:18:55,133 --> 00:18:56,400
没有被追杀

500
00:18:56,433 --> 00:18:58,366
没有在龙场差点饿死

501
00:18:58,966 --> 00:19:02,600
他大脑里那些根深蒂固的信念就不会被暴力清零

502
00:19:03,566 --> 00:19:04,833
这些弯路不是浪费

503
00:19:05,700 --> 00:19:07,300
它们是悟道的必要前提

504
00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:13,433
这跟我们在前几期反复拆解的那个机制是同一个结构

505
00:19:13,466 --> 00:19:16,033
修行不是一条平滑的上升曲线

506
00:19:16,066 --> 00:19:17,966
它会先把你深层的东西翻出来

507
00:19:18,933 --> 00:19:21,033
王阳明在龙场差点死掉

508
00:19:21,066 --> 00:19:23,000
不是命运在惩罚他

509
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,233
是命运在帮他做减法

510
00:19:25,266 --> 00:19:29,100
帮他把那些他自己无论如何也舍不得放下的东西

511
00:19:29,100 --> 00:19:29,766
暴力地拆掉

512
00:19:30,666 --> 00:19:31,600
好

513
00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:34,166
最后我想说一个也许很多人没想到的维度

514
00:19:35,233 --> 00:19:38,200
王阳明悟道之后说吾性自足

515
00:19:38,266 --> 00:19:39,700
我的本性里什么都不缺

516
00:19:40,466 --> 00:19:41,900
但他没有停在那里

517
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:46,066
他花了生命最后的二十年去做一件事

518
00:19:46,066 --> 00:19:46,800
事上磨练

519
00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:49,133
在真实的战争里

520
00:19:49,133 --> 00:19:50,700
在真实的政治里

521
00:19:50,733 --> 00:19:52,100
在真实的教学里

522
00:19:52,100 --> 00:19:54,033
不断地检验和深化这个领悟

523
00:19:54,966 --> 00:19:56,200
这意味着什么

524
00:19:56,266 --> 00:19:57,800
意味着悟道不是终点

525
00:19:58,633 --> 00:20:00,833
悟到了本性自足只是开始

526
00:20:01,566 --> 00:20:03,266
你还得回到生活里

527
00:20:03,266 --> 00:20:05,866
用每一个真实的处境去擦亮这个领悟

528
00:20:07,066 --> 00:20:10,200
王阳明在龙场悟道之后还犯过错误

529
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:11,533
还遇到过挫折

530
00:20:11,566 --> 00:20:12,833
还有过愤怒和不甘

531
00:20:13,700 --> 00:20:16,100
但他和悟道之前的区别是

532
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,100
他看得见自己在犯错

533
00:20:18,266 --> 00:20:20,133
看得见自己在愤怒

534
00:20:20,166 --> 00:20:22,600
而这个看见本身就在改变一切

535
00:20:23,566 --> 00:20:25,466
上一期讲达摩和梁武帝

536
00:20:25,466 --> 00:20:29,166
我们说最深的陷阱长得最像慈悲

537
00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:32,533
梁武帝把修行变成了另一种形式的自我膨胀

538
00:20:33,333 --> 00:20:36,900
王阳明的故事给了我们这个问题的解药

539
00:20:36,966 --> 00:20:38,700
不要在头脑里修行

540
00:20:38,700 --> 00:20:39,733
要在事上磨练

541
00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:42,266
你以为你懂了的道理

542
00:20:42,266 --> 00:20:43,566
去生活里验证一下

543
00:20:44,366 --> 00:20:45,600
如果验证不了

544
00:20:45,633 --> 00:20:46,100
那你没懂

545
00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:49,000
对于这一期的内容

546
00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,433
你有什么想法

547
00:20:50,566 --> 00:20:52,833
你有没有经历过某种龙场

548
00:20:52,833 --> 00:20:56,666
一个所有以前管用的东西全部失效的绝境

549
00:20:56,833 --> 00:20:58,000
在那个绝境里

550
00:20:58,033 --> 00:20:59,466
你看见了什么

551
00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:01,133
还有一个问题

552
00:21:01,133 --> 00:21:04,800
你生活中有多少知道其实只是信息存储

553
00:21:04,833 --> 00:21:06,566
而不是真正的知

554
00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:08,966
欢迎在评论区聊聊你的观察

555
00:21:09,733 --> 00:21:11,266
最后留一个问题给你

556
00:21:12,166 --> 00:21:14,433
王阳明说知行合一

557
00:21:14,466 --> 00:21:16,700
说你真的知道了就自然会去做

558
00:21:17,566 --> 00:21:18,900
但你有没有想过

559
00:21:18,933 --> 00:21:19,966
有些事情

560
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,866
也许你必须先去做

561
00:21:21,866 --> 00:21:23,900
才能真正知道

562
00:21:24,100 --> 00:21:27,633
也许知和行不是谁先谁后的问题

563
00:21:27,633 --> 00:21:30,466
而是它们一开始就是同一条河流的两面

564
00:21:31,333 --> 00:21:33,900
你无法站在岸上看懂水的温度

565
00:21:34,666 --> 00:21:35,400
你得跳进去

566
00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:37,800
我是王利杰

567
00:21:37,900 --> 00:21:38,866
我们下期见