1
00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:01,766
我执到底是什么

2
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:03,800
脑科学把它拆透了

3
00:00:04,033 --> 00:00:06,333
昨天我讲<武状元苏乞儿>

4
00:00:06,533 --> 00:00:08,066
结尾留了一个问题

5
00:00:08,333 --> 00:00:09,200
你们还记得吗

6
00:00:09,633 --> 00:00:11,800
苏灿最后什么身份都放下了

7
00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:15,166
可他毕竟还挂着一个丐帮帮主的头衔

8
00:00:15,533 --> 00:00:16,933
一个放下了一切的人"

9
00:00:17,266 --> 00:00:18,066
放下"本身

10
00:00:18,533 --> 00:00:21,133
算不算又给自己贴了一个新标签

11
00:00:21,566 --> 00:00:25,300
再往深一步 - 连<金刚经>里说的"法尚应舍"

12
00:00:25,633 --> 00:00:27,033
连"我在修行"这件事

13
00:00:27,266 --> 00:00:28,200
最后都要破掉

14
00:00:29,100 --> 00:00:31,866
那问题就来了：如果"我"被彻底破掉

15
00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:33,000
那个我没了

16
00:00:33,300 --> 00:00:34,133
谁在修行

17
00:00:34,433 --> 00:00:35,133
谁在发愿

18
00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:36,166
谁在证道

19
00:00:36,866 --> 00:00:38,066
菩萨度众生

20
00:00:38,633 --> 00:00:39,766
菩萨如果没有我了

21
00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,166
他凭什么发愿、替谁发

22
00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:45,100
佛陀说要消灭一切我执

23
00:00:45,533 --> 00:00:46,533
那消灭之后

24
00:00:46,866 --> 00:00:49,900
站在那里讲法四十九年的那个人又是谁

25
00:00:50,766 --> 00:00:51,733
你有没有发现

26
00:00:51,966 --> 00:00:54,066
这个问题一旦认真追问下去

27
00:00:54,233 --> 00:00:56,900
会把整个修行体系逼进一个死胡同

28
00:00:57,500 --> 00:00:59,866
"破我执"和"有人在破我执"

29
00:01:00,366 --> 00:01:02,900
这两件事在逻辑上互相打架

30
00:01:03,466 --> 00:01:07,133
昨天我是从电影、从历史人物的故事讲给你听

31
00:01:07,633 --> 00:01:11,066
今天我想换一个角度 - 把脑子打开给你看

32
00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:12,766
从脑科学出发

33
00:01:13,100 --> 00:01:15,666
把"我执"这两个字一层一层拆开

34
00:01:16,300 --> 00:01:17,300
拆完你会发现

35
00:01:17,700 --> 00:01:19,900
昨天那个死胡同之所以存在

36
00:01:20,266 --> 00:01:21,633
是因为我们从一开始

37
00:01:22,033 --> 00:01:23,766
就把两样东西搞混了

38
00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:24,800
哈喽

39
00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:25,366
大家好

40
00:01:25,466 --> 00:01:26,233
我是王利杰

41
00:01:27,100 --> 00:01:28,233
要搞懂我执

42
00:01:28,466 --> 00:01:30,700
我们得先搞清楚一个更基本的问题

43
00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:32,266
"我"这个东西

44
00:01:32,500 --> 00:01:35,333
在你的大脑里到底是怎么被生产出来的

45
00:01:35,966 --> 00:01:37,566
如果你是这个频道的老观众

46
00:01:37,866 --> 00:01:40,333
你对"默认模式网络"一定不陌生

47
00:01:41,133 --> 00:01:42,933
我在<打坐到底在做什么>那期

48
00:01:43,233 --> 00:01:46,233
还有<回向的脑科学真相>里都详细讲过

49
00:01:46,766 --> 00:01:49,566
你大脑里有一个叫默认模式网络的核心系统

50
00:01:50,033 --> 00:01:52,700
它在你不做任何具体事情的时候最活跃

51
00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:54,466
它在干什么呢

52
00:01:55,066 --> 00:01:55,900
它在编故事

53
00:01:56,633 --> 00:01:58,800
一天到晚都在编关于"我"的故事

54
00:01:59,433 --> 00:02:00,933
我过去做了什么

55
00:02:00,966 --> 00:02:02,266
我现在是谁

56
00:02:02,266 --> 00:02:03,533
别人怎么看我

57
00:02:03,566 --> 00:02:04,600
我将来会怎样

58
00:02:05,633 --> 00:02:09,666
它就是你脑子里那台永不停歇的"自我叙事生成器"

59
00:02:10,300 --> 00:02:14,266
但这里有一个很多人忽略的关键细节 - 自我感

60
00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:14,866
不止一层

61
00:02:15,633 --> 00:02:19,700
葡萄牙裔美国神经科学家安东尼奥·达马西奥

62
00:02:19,766 --> 00:02:22,333
花了几十年时间研究意识的神经基础

63
00:02:22,766 --> 00:02:23,400
他发现"

64
00:02:23,700 --> 00:02:25,900
自我"在大脑里至少有三层结构

65
00:02:26,166 --> 00:02:27,233
最底层的一层

66
00:02:27,466 --> 00:02:28,866
他叫做"原始自我"

67
00:02:29,566 --> 00:02:32,266
这是你身体内部的一组神经映射

68
00:02:32,666 --> 00:02:36,566
记录着你的心跳、呼吸、内脏状态、肌肉张力

69
00:02:37,166 --> 00:02:38,300
它不需要语言

70
00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:39,633
不需要记忆

71
00:02:39,666 --> 00:02:41,166
甚至不需要意识参与

72
00:02:41,766 --> 00:02:43,300
一个深度昏迷的人

73
00:02:43,466 --> 00:02:47,033
他的脑干依然在维持这种基本的身体自我表征

74
00:02:47,900 --> 00:02:50,066
这一层不是"我觉得我存在"

75
00:02:50,466 --> 00:02:51,700
而是"这个有机体

76
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:53,000
在持续运转"

77
00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:53,733
第二层

78
00:02:53,966 --> 00:02:55,200
他叫"核心自我"

79
00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:57,300
你现在可以试一下

80
00:02:57,300 --> 00:02:58,866
把手指轻轻按在桌面上

81
00:02:59,900 --> 00:03:03,133
你不需要想"我正在触碰桌子"这个句子

82
00:03:03,133 --> 00:03:06,733
但你立刻就知道 - 有接触正在发生

83
00:03:06,766 --> 00:03:08,700
而且发生在"这里"

84
00:03:08,733 --> 00:03:09,600
发生在"你身上"

85
00:03:10,433 --> 00:03:11,466
这种"知道"

86
00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:13,066
是在语言之前就完成了的

87
00:03:13,333 --> 00:03:14,600
没有叙事

88
00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:16,633
不涉及过去和未来

89
00:03:16,633 --> 00:03:21,433
就是一个赤裸裸的当下觉知 - 有东西正在被经验

90
00:03:21,466 --> 00:03:24,133
而且有一个模糊的"谁"在经验它

91
00:03:24,700 --> 00:03:25,733
第三层

92
00:03:25,733 --> 00:03:27,766
才是绝大多数人以为的那个"我"

93
00:03:28,700 --> 00:03:31,033
达马西奥叫它"自传体自我"

94
00:03:31,833 --> 00:03:34,600
这一层靠的是大脑皮层的高级功能

95
00:03:34,933 --> 00:03:37,366
尤其是前额叶和颞叶的协同工作

96
00:03:38,266 --> 00:03:41,433
它把你的记忆、你的身份、你的社会角色

97
00:03:41,800 --> 00:03:44,433
你的人生叙事全部编织在一起

98
00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:46,500
形成一个持续的"我的故事"

99
00:03:46,933 --> 00:03:48,600
你的名字、你的职业

100
00:03:48,900 --> 00:03:51,366
你的童年回忆、你对未来的规划

101
00:03:51,700 --> 00:03:53,300
全部属于自传体自我

102
00:03:54,300 --> 00:03:56,666
而驱动这一层运转的核心硬件

103
00:03:56,666 --> 00:03:59,300
就是我们反复提到的默认模式网络

104
00:04:00,100 --> 00:04:01,000
这三层

105
00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:02,100
请你一定记住

106
00:04:02,300 --> 00:04:04,333
因为接下来讲的全部东西

107
00:04:04,533 --> 00:04:05,700
都围绕它们展开

108
00:04:06,466 --> 00:04:07,000
现在

109
00:04:07,266 --> 00:04:09,433
我要做这期视频最关键的一步

110
00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:12,133
把达马西奥的三层自我模型

111
00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:14,733
对接到唯识学的我执理论上

112
00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:16,266
唯识学里说

113
00:04:16,533 --> 00:04:17,533
我执分两种

114
00:04:18,233 --> 00:04:19,966
第一种叫"俱生我执"

115
00:04:20,366 --> 00:04:22,033
第二种叫"分别我执"

116
00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:24,400
这两个词听起来很古典

117
00:04:24,633 --> 00:04:26,866
但放到达马西奥的框架里一看

118
00:04:27,266 --> 00:04:29,100
精准得让人起鸡皮疙瘩

119
00:04:29,566 --> 00:04:33,200
俱生我执 - "俱生"就是与生俱来的意思

120
00:04:33,700 --> 00:04:36,100
你不需要学习、不需要思考

121
00:04:36,333 --> 00:04:37,333
它天然就在

122
00:04:37,833 --> 00:04:39,166
一个刚出生的婴儿

123
00:04:39,500 --> 00:04:40,566
还没学会说话

124
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:42,700
还不知道自己叫什么名字

125
00:04:43,166 --> 00:04:45,466
但他饿了会哭、痛了会缩手

126
00:04:46,033 --> 00:04:47,633
他不会想"我饿了"这个句子

127
00:04:47,933 --> 00:04:49,400
但他的整个身体系统

128
00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:52,300
在替他做一件事 - 把所有体验

129
00:04:52,566 --> 00:04:55,500
自动归到"这是我的感受"这个回路里

130
00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:58,133
这不就是达马西奥的"原始自我"

131
00:04:58,233 --> 00:04:59,500
加上"核心自我"吗

132
00:05:00,066 --> 00:05:04,566
一种前语言的、前概念的、生物层面的自我归属感

133
00:05:05,066 --> 00:05:06,533
你不需要知道"我"这个字

134
00:05:06,766 --> 00:05:07,766
你的神经系统

135
00:05:08,066 --> 00:05:12,333
已经在执行"把所有信号标记为属于这个有机体"的操作了

136
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:14,733
翻译成预测编码的话来说

137
00:05:15,100 --> 00:05:16,333
俱生我执

138
00:05:16,333 --> 00:05:19,166
就是精度权重最高的那个先验信念

139
00:05:19,700 --> 00:05:22,733
"存在一个持续的、统一的体验主体"

140
00:05:23,433 --> 00:05:25,466
这个信念不是你学来的

141
00:05:25,466 --> 00:05:28,166
是进化写进你的神经架构里的

142
00:05:28,833 --> 00:05:29,466
它深到

143
00:05:29,633 --> 00:05:31,433
你根本意识不到它的存在

144
00:05:31,866 --> 00:05:36,033
然后是分别我执 - "分别"就是思维分别

145
00:05:36,133 --> 00:05:37,400
概念建构的意思

146
00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:39,566
这一层是后天学来的

147
00:05:40,100 --> 00:05:41,200
你在成长过程中

148
00:05:41,500 --> 00:05:44,066
学会了"我叫某某"、"我是中国人"

149
00:05:44,466 --> 00:05:47,366
"我是一个成功的人"、"我是一个善良的人"

150
00:05:47,733 --> 00:05:48,933
你围绕这些标签

151
00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:51,866
编织了一整套关于"我是谁"的叙事

152
00:05:52,433 --> 00:05:55,566
你的自尊、你的焦虑、你的身份认同

153
00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:58,633
你跟别人比较时的优越感或自卑感

154
00:05:59,033 --> 00:06:01,233
全部建立在分别我执之上

155
00:06:02,233 --> 00:06:04,400
这就是达马西奥的"自传体自我"

156
00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:08,166
就是默认模式网络日夜不停编织的那个"我的故事"

157
00:06:08,766 --> 00:06:09,833
用时髦的话说

158
00:06:10,066 --> 00:06:11,866
就是你自己维护的一套人设

159
00:06:12,533 --> 00:06:13,233
两套理论

160
00:06:13,500 --> 00:06:14,866
一千五百年的时差

161
00:06:15,166 --> 00:06:18,366
两种完全不同的研究方法 - 一个靠内观

162
00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:21,433
一个靠核磁共振 - 指向了同一个结构

163
00:06:21,800 --> 00:06:22,900
我要在这里停一下

164
00:06:23,166 --> 00:06:25,666
把昨天那三个人物重新摆回桌面

165
00:06:26,500 --> 00:06:29,433
昨天我讲的项羽、苏东坡、褚时健

166
00:06:29,866 --> 00:06:32,200
在神经层面发生的到底是什么

167
00:06:32,966 --> 00:06:34,233
项羽在乌江边上

168
00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:36,533
刘邦的军队是客观事实

169
00:06:36,933 --> 00:06:39,033
亭长的船也是客观事实

170
00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:42,233
江东的八千子弟也是客观事实

171
00:06:42,966 --> 00:06:46,300
可他的默认模式网络那一刻在播放一条叙事

172
00:06:46,666 --> 00:06:47,733
"我是西楚霸王

173
00:06:48,100 --> 00:06:52,300
西楚霸王不能输、不能逃、不能愧见江东父老

174
00:06:52,900 --> 00:06:55,733
"这条叙事的精度权重被调到了最大

175
00:06:56,433 --> 00:06:59,766
大到压过了他的原始自我发出的"活着"的信号

176
00:07:00,533 --> 00:07:01,833
他的核心自我还在

177
00:07:02,266 --> 00:07:05,766
他能感觉到呼吸、感觉到剑柄、感觉到江风

178
00:07:06,333 --> 00:07:08,866
可那个"我是西楚霸王"的自传体叙事

179
00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:10,533
把这一切都淹没了

180
00:07:11,100 --> 00:07:12,900
他杀死的不是自己的身体

181
00:07:13,233 --> 00:07:14,233
他杀死的

182
00:07:14,266 --> 00:07:17,233
是那个默认模式网络里播放不下去的"我"

183
00:07:18,033 --> 00:07:21,200
苏东坡从京城被扔到黄州的那一天

184
00:07:21,533 --> 00:07:23,433
他的自传体叙事也崩了

185
00:07:23,900 --> 00:07:26,233
"翰林学士"这条故事线断了

186
00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:29,066
但他没有跟项羽一样抓着不放

187
00:07:29,533 --> 00:07:33,200
他做了一件非常神奇的事 - 他把那条故事线

188
00:07:33,533 --> 00:07:34,366
主动关机了

189
00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:36,000
他改了名字

190
00:07:36,233 --> 00:07:37,166
叫"东坡居士"

191
00:07:37,833 --> 00:07:38,533
你看

192
00:07:38,766 --> 00:07:39,833
一个新名字

193
00:07:40,100 --> 00:07:42,000
就是一条新的叙事起点

194
00:07:42,733 --> 00:07:44,600
默认模式网络还在运转

195
00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:49,000
但它开始编一个新的故事 - 一个种地的老头

196
00:07:49,266 --> 00:07:52,700
一个酿酒的闲人、一个看月亮的书生

197
00:07:53,233 --> 00:07:55,166
旧的先验信念被修正了

198
00:07:55,666 --> 00:07:57,966
新的回路被慢慢训练出来

199
00:07:58,533 --> 00:07:59,700
褚时健更狠

200
00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:01,900
他在监狱里的那几年

201
00:08:02,100 --> 00:08:04,233
是一次彻底的"叙事清零"

202
00:08:04,800 --> 00:08:06,366
走出监狱的那个老人

203
00:08:06,566 --> 00:08:07,866
已经不是那个"烟王"了

204
00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:11,400
他蹲到哀牢山上跟农民学嫁接

205
00:08:11,833 --> 00:08:14,100
不是因为他开悟了什么宇宙真理

206
00:08:14,666 --> 00:08:17,033
是因为他默认模式网络里

207
00:08:17,166 --> 00:08:19,566
那条"我是烟王"的高权重先验

208
00:08:19,933 --> 00:08:22,233
被时间和墙壁一起磨掉了

209
00:08:22,933 --> 00:08:23,866
磨掉之后

210
00:08:23,900 --> 00:08:25,500
他才能真的蹲下来

211
00:08:25,966 --> 00:08:26,633
所以你看

212
00:08:26,833 --> 00:08:28,900
昨天我讲的是三个人的命运

213
00:08:29,366 --> 00:08:30,800
今天我给你看的是

214
00:08:31,233 --> 00:08:32,266
命运这把刀

215
00:08:32,566 --> 00:08:35,133
是在哪一层神经组织上划过去的

216
00:08:35,533 --> 00:08:35,933
好

217
00:08:36,166 --> 00:08:37,166
带着这个画面

218
00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:41,466
再回到关键问题 - 佛学说要"破我执"

219
00:08:41,866 --> 00:08:43,433
到底破的是哪一层

220
00:08:44,100 --> 00:08:45,266
这个问题的答案

221
00:08:45,433 --> 00:08:48,266
直接决定了昨天那个死胡同到底通不通

222
00:08:49,100 --> 00:08:51,166
先说结论：修行要破的

223
00:08:51,500 --> 00:08:53,100
首先是分别我执

224
00:08:53,533 --> 00:08:55,400
最终是俱生我执

225
00:08:56,133 --> 00:08:57,033
但"破"这个字

226
00:08:57,366 --> 00:08:58,233
被严重误解了

227
00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:01,633
绝大多数人听到"破我执"

228
00:09:01,900 --> 00:09:04,200
直觉反应是 - 把"我"消灭掉

229
00:09:04,533 --> 00:09:06,700
变成一个没有自我感的空壳

230
00:09:07,333 --> 00:09:08,100
这个理解

231
00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:09,233
大错特错

232
00:09:10,033 --> 00:09:12,133
你的手机上有一个杀毒软件

233
00:09:12,666 --> 00:09:15,066
它扫描病毒、清除恶意程序

234
00:09:16,166 --> 00:09:18,266
如果我跟你说"把病毒清除掉"

235
00:09:18,533 --> 00:09:20,133
你会理解成"把手机砸了"吗

236
00:09:20,766 --> 00:09:21,300
当然不会

237
00:09:22,100 --> 00:09:24,833
清除病毒是让手机恢复正常运转

238
00:09:25,233 --> 00:09:26,333
不是毁掉手机

239
00:09:27,066 --> 00:09:27,600
我执

240
00:09:27,900 --> 00:09:28,633
是那个病毒

241
00:09:29,300 --> 00:09:30,333
"我"的基本功能

242
00:09:30,466 --> 00:09:31,666
从来都不是病毒

243
00:09:32,166 --> 00:09:33,300
达马西奥的研究

244
00:09:33,533 --> 00:09:36,300
恰好从神经科学的角度验证了这一点

245
00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:38,233
临床上有一类病人

246
00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:41,166
因为脑损伤丧失了自传体自我

247
00:09:41,766 --> 00:09:43,166
他们不记得自己是谁

248
00:09:43,733 --> 00:09:45,000
不记得自己的过去

249
00:09:45,433 --> 00:09:48,933
没有连贯的人生叙事 - 但他们的核心自我还在

250
00:09:49,500 --> 00:09:52,500
他们依然能感受当下的疼痛和愉悦

251
00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:56,066
依然能和眼前的人产生即时的情感互动

252
00:09:56,366 --> 00:09:58,066
依然能当下地回应环境

253
00:09:58,700 --> 00:10:00,466
他们失去的是"我的故事"

254
00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:02,600
但没有失去"此刻的觉知"

255
00:10:04,166 --> 00:10:08,133
更有意思的是 - 这些患者在失去自传体自我之后

256
00:10:08,266 --> 00:10:10,966
很多人反而表现出一种令人意外的平和

257
00:10:11,433 --> 00:10:14,966
你想想那种感觉：脑子里那个声音突然安静了

258
00:10:14,966 --> 00:10:19,166
那个永远在比较、在担忧、在编排明天剧本的声音

259
00:10:19,333 --> 00:10:19,766
停了

260
00:10:20,433 --> 00:10:21,866
不是因为他们开悟了

261
00:10:21,900 --> 00:10:25,433
而是因为那台不停编故事、制造焦虑的机器

262
00:10:25,433 --> 00:10:26,933
被强制关机了

263
00:10:27,433 --> 00:10:29,066
你把这个临床观察

264
00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:33,100
放到唯识学的框架里 - 分别我执被拿掉了

265
00:10:33,433 --> 00:10:35,533
但俱生我执的基本功能还在

266
00:10:36,233 --> 00:10:37,266
人没有消失

267
00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:39,600
痛苦的叙事机器停了

268
00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:40,833
当然

269
00:10:41,100 --> 00:10:44,933
这些患者是因为脑损伤、被动地失去了叙事功能

270
00:10:45,366 --> 00:10:48,633
修行者是通过训练、主动超越叙事

271
00:10:48,933 --> 00:10:50,233
一个是系统故障

272
00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:51,533
一个是系统升级

273
00:10:52,033 --> 00:10:52,766
这是两回事

274
00:10:53,466 --> 00:10:56,200
但它至少在神经层面证明了一件事

275
00:10:56,666 --> 00:10:57,666
拿掉"我的故事"

276
00:10:58,000 --> 00:10:59,366
不等于拿掉"我的存在"

277
00:11:00,166 --> 00:11:02,000
而唯识学对这件事的描述

278
00:11:02,233 --> 00:11:03,633
比达马西奥还要精准

279
00:11:04,300 --> 00:11:06,700
唯识学不说"消灭末那识"

280
00:11:06,733 --> 00:11:08,400
它说"转识成智"

281
00:11:09,133 --> 00:11:09,866
末那识

282
00:11:10,133 --> 00:11:12,733
就是那个永远在抓取"我"的第七识

283
00:11:13,100 --> 00:11:14,600
它不是被消灭了

284
00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:15,433
是被转化了

285
00:11:16,266 --> 00:11:17,400
转化成什么

286
00:11:17,633 --> 00:11:18,433
平等性智

287
00:11:19,333 --> 00:11:21,333
平等性智不是"没有自我"

288
00:11:21,333 --> 00:11:24,966
是"不再强迫性地把一切分成我的和不是我的"

289
00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:29,066
你依然能区分"这是你的手、那是别人的手"

290
00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:31,733
你依然能做决策、有偏好

291
00:11:32,033 --> 00:11:34,000
对不同的事情有不同的回应

292
00:11:34,733 --> 00:11:36,133
但那个"把所有体验

293
00:11:36,133 --> 00:11:38,833
都强行拽进我的叙事"的自动化程序

294
00:11:39,166 --> 00:11:39,800
停了

295
00:11:40,866 --> 00:11:44,533
用预测编码的话来说 - 那个虚高的精度权重

296
00:11:44,766 --> 00:11:46,266
被调回了合理水平

297
00:11:46,533 --> 00:11:47,733
不是归零

298
00:11:47,733 --> 00:11:49,700
是回到它该在的位置

299
00:11:50,033 --> 00:11:50,733
到这里

300
00:11:50,866 --> 00:11:52,900
昨天那个死胡同就通了

301
00:11:53,133 --> 00:11:54,666
菩萨破了我执之后

302
00:11:54,700 --> 00:11:56,266
为什么还能发愿

303
00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,933
因为发愿根本不需要"我执"来驱动

304
00:11:59,466 --> 00:12:00,533
恰恰相反

305
00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:02,600
我执是发愿的最大障碍

306
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:04,000
你想想

307
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:06,833
一个被分别我执驱动的人发愿

308
00:12:06,833 --> 00:12:08,533
他的愿长什么样

309
00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:12,833
"我要成佛、我要度众生、我要比别人修得好

310
00:12:13,100 --> 00:12:14,700
"主语全是"我"

311
00:12:14,700 --> 00:12:16,566
动力全是自我实现

312
00:12:17,133 --> 00:12:19,766
这种愿在唯识学里叫"有漏善"

313
00:12:20,100 --> 00:12:22,000
它能产生正面效果

314
00:12:22,266 --> 00:12:25,400
但它同时在喂养"我"这个先验信念

315
00:12:25,433 --> 00:12:27,933
让你的末那识越来越膨胀

316
00:12:28,333 --> 00:12:29,366
你修得越好"

317
00:12:29,633 --> 00:12:31,800
我是一个高级修行者"这副眼镜

318
00:12:32,066 --> 00:12:32,600
就越厚

319
00:12:33,233 --> 00:12:36,233
而一个破了分别我执的菩萨发愿呢

320
00:12:36,266 --> 00:12:37,900
<金刚经>里有一句话

321
00:12:37,933 --> 00:12:40,200
几乎可以当诊断报告来读

322
00:12:40,566 --> 00:12:44,233
"如是灭度无量无数无边众生

323
00:12:44,233 --> 00:12:46,466
实无众生得灭度者"

324
00:12:46,633 --> 00:12:48,100
度了无数众生

325
00:12:48,133 --> 00:12:51,133
但心里清清楚楚 - 没有一个"我"在度

326
00:12:51,133 --> 00:12:52,833
也没有一个"众生"被度

327
00:12:53,333 --> 00:12:54,333
事情发生了

328
00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:55,933
但没有人在旁边记账

329
00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:58,233
这不是虚伪的谦逊

330
00:12:58,366 --> 00:13:00,933
这是一种认知状态的精准描述

331
00:13:01,733 --> 00:13:05,600
当末那识不再强迫性地把一切贴上"我"的标签

332
00:13:05,633 --> 00:13:06,966
行动依然发生

333
00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:08,800
慈悲依然涌现

334
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:11,466
但那台故事机器不再同步运转

335
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:14,933
不再把这一切编进"我有多了不起"的叙事里

336
00:13:15,533 --> 00:13:16,466
菩萨的愿

337
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:20,033
不是从默认模式网络的自我叙事里生出来的

338
00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:23,166
它是从核心自我那一层直接涌现的

339
00:13:23,666 --> 00:13:27,133
一种前叙事的、当下的、对苦的直接回应

340
00:13:27,733 --> 00:13:29,800
就像你看见一个孩子摔倒了

341
00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:31,566
你的手已经伸出去了

342
00:13:31,866 --> 00:13:34,966
根本不需要先想一想"我是不是一个有爱心的人"

343
00:13:35,566 --> 00:13:37,833
这也解释了一个很多人困惑的问题

344
00:13:38,366 --> 00:13:40,833
为什么大乘佛学说"无我"的同时

345
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:44,433
又承认有因果、有轮回、有修行主体

346
00:13:44,966 --> 00:13:46,400
因为"无我"否定的

347
00:13:46,566 --> 00:13:48,433
不是功能性的自我过程

348
00:13:48,533 --> 00:13:52,533
而是否定存在一个"固定的、不变的、独立的实体

349
00:13:52,533 --> 00:13:53,266
叫做我"

350
00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:55,333
你的身体在代谢

351
00:13:55,333 --> 00:13:57,233
你的神经元在重塑

352
00:13:57,266 --> 00:13:59,000
你的记忆在修改

353
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:00,133
你每时每刻

354
00:14:00,166 --> 00:14:01,900
都不是五分钟前的你

355
00:14:02,266 --> 00:14:04,633
但有一个持续的过程在流淌

356
00:14:04,866 --> 00:14:08,633
因果的链条、种子的更新、体验的延续

357
00:14:09,033 --> 00:14:11,233
我在讲无我和轮回那期

358
00:14:11,333 --> 00:14:13,366
用过一个比喻 - 河流

359
00:14:14,033 --> 00:14:15,500
河流是真实的

360
00:14:15,533 --> 00:14:17,133
你可以在里面游泳

361
00:14:17,133 --> 00:14:19,700
但你永远抓不起"一把河"来带走

362
00:14:20,033 --> 00:14:21,233
"我"就是那条河

363
00:14:21,766 --> 00:14:23,633
你可以说河在流

364
00:14:23,666 --> 00:14:25,700
但如果你非要问河在哪里

365
00:14:25,900 --> 00:14:28,733
指着任何一滴水说"这就是河"

366
00:14:28,733 --> 00:14:29,766
那都是错的

367
00:14:30,533 --> 00:14:32,066
河不是任何一滴水

368
00:14:32,366 --> 00:14:34,466
河是"水流动的过程"本身

369
00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:36,800
"我"不是任何一个念头

370
00:14:37,133 --> 00:14:40,033
任何一段记忆、任何一个身份标签

371
00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:43,033
"我"是意识流动的过程本身

372
00:14:43,500 --> 00:14:44,266
我执

373
00:14:44,266 --> 00:14:46,900
是你在这条河上插了一面旗子

374
00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:48,800
写上"这是我的河"

375
00:14:49,233 --> 00:14:51,466
然后拼命抓住旗杆不放

376
00:14:52,066 --> 00:14:53,200
破我执

377
00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:54,866
不是把河填了

378
00:14:54,866 --> 00:14:56,400
是把旗子拔了

379
00:14:56,900 --> 00:14:57,733
河还在流

380
00:14:57,933 --> 00:14:58,833
水还在动

381
00:14:59,333 --> 00:15:02,300
但没有人站在旁边宣布"这条河属于我"

382
00:15:02,866 --> 00:15:05,300
昨天我讲苏灿在乞丐堆里那一场戏

383
00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,166
讲吴孟达对他说"以前那不叫人过的日子

384
00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:13,400
现在这才叫人过的日子" - 你现在应该能看清楚

385
00:15:13,766 --> 00:15:15,133
那一刻发生了什么

386
00:15:15,933 --> 00:15:17,466
分别我执崩了

387
00:15:17,900 --> 00:15:21,466
自传体自我里那个"苏家少爷"的叙事停播了

388
00:15:21,966 --> 00:15:24,666
但核心自我反而第一次被放出来

389
00:15:25,033 --> 00:15:26,600
他能感觉到饥饿

390
00:15:26,633 --> 00:15:28,833
能感觉到一碗热粥下肚的温暖

391
00:15:29,533 --> 00:15:30,966
他不是变穷了

392
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:32,366
他是第一次"在场"

393
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,500
之前我在<脑海里有两个你

394
00:15:35,700 --> 00:15:36,633
一个在说

395
00:15:36,633 --> 00:15:39,600
一个在听>那一期里分享过我的一个类比

396
00:15:40,100 --> 00:15:43,366
肉身是一个自动运行的本地AI小模型

397
00:15:43,700 --> 00:15:45,333
就是道家讲的"识神"

398
00:15:46,033 --> 00:15:48,900
灵魂是坐在肉身驾驶舱的"元神"

399
00:15:49,433 --> 00:15:51,833
虽然肉身讲同一个觉知

400
00:15:51,833 --> 00:15:55,000
解离到了两个不同的"具身智能"躯体里

401
00:15:55,433 --> 00:15:56,800
但灵性的层面

402
00:15:56,800 --> 00:15:59,666
所有有情众生本就是一体的

403
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,966
是那个"我执"占用了你所有的带宽

404
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:07,066
让你和宇宙超级意识本源的连接几乎中断了

405
00:16:07,633 --> 00:16:10,566
然后你就像特斯拉无人驾驶一样

406
00:16:10,566 --> 00:16:13,400
靠着本地小模型在世间游走

407
00:16:13,933 --> 00:16:15,833
遇到突发情况的时候

408
00:16:15,833 --> 00:16:17,933
元神也无法接管方向盘

409
00:16:18,166 --> 00:16:20,433
因为他在睡觉、在休眠

410
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:23,533
修行就是要设法让元神醒来

411
00:16:23,700 --> 00:16:25,600
时刻监控路况信息

412
00:16:25,866 --> 00:16:26,966
在需要的时候

413
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:28,700
稍微接管一下方向盘

414
00:16:29,466 --> 00:16:30,066
觉醒

415
00:16:30,366 --> 00:16:32,900
就是你从NPC回到超级玩家

416
00:16:33,133 --> 00:16:35,833
全面掌控这台本地小模型肉身

417
00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:38,366
也就是佛家讲的"色身"

418
00:16:38,833 --> 00:16:41,533
这个类比没有所谓的科学实证

419
00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:45,300
只是我为了大家容易理解而编织的方便法门

420
00:16:45,733 --> 00:16:47,633
也是一种对机说法

421
00:16:47,633 --> 00:16:49,966
没必要深究这里面的逻辑细节

422
00:16:50,166 --> 00:16:51,566
否则又着相了

423
00:16:51,733 --> 00:16:52,333
好了

424
00:16:52,366 --> 00:16:52,966
讲到这里

425
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,133
把今天的线索收束一下

426
00:16:55,333 --> 00:16:57,766
达马西奥拆出了三层自我

427
00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,766
唯识学在一千五百年前做了几乎相同的区分

428
00:17:02,133 --> 00:17:03,766
底层的俱生我执

429
00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:09,066
是生物层面的自我归属功能 - 深、隐、前语言

430
00:17:09,266 --> 00:17:10,700
上层的分别我执

431
00:17:10,700 --> 00:17:15,633
是概念层面的叙事建构 - 浅、显、后天学习

432
00:17:16,066 --> 00:17:18,366
修行不是消灭"我"这个功能

433
00:17:18,633 --> 00:17:21,466
是识别并松动"我执"这个病毒

434
00:17:22,033 --> 00:17:24,300
先看清你的名字、身份

435
00:17:24,433 --> 00:17:27,433
社会角色不过是一套暂时的衣服

436
00:17:27,433 --> 00:17:31,633
再逐步松动那个"有一个独立的我存在"的深层信念

437
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:36,033
看清它也只是一个精度权重极高的先验假设

438
00:17:36,433 --> 00:17:38,466
不是不可修正的宇宙真理

439
00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:41,900
当这两层执着都松动到一定程度

440
00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:44,466
末那识转为平等性智

441
00:17:45,066 --> 00:17:46,566
不是"我"消失了

442
00:17:46,566 --> 00:17:50,466
是"我"和"你"之间那道强迫性的界限消融了

443
00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:55,100
你依然有独特的视角、独特的因缘、独特的使命

444
00:17:55,133 --> 00:17:57,900
但你不再被一台叙事机器绑架着

445
00:17:58,066 --> 00:18:01,600
把一切都往"我的功劳"或"我的痛苦"上编

446
00:18:02,166 --> 00:18:03,133
菩萨的愿

447
00:18:03,133 --> 00:18:06,200
恰恰是在这种状态下才最有力量

448
00:18:06,633 --> 00:18:08,566
因为它不需要"我"来加油

449
00:18:08,966 --> 00:18:11,533
它的燃料是对苦的直接觉知

450
00:18:11,866 --> 00:18:13,733
没有"我的"和"他的"区分

451
00:18:14,233 --> 00:18:16,266
没有"我在度众生"的包袱

452
00:18:16,433 --> 00:18:21,566
行动反而更纯粹、更持久、更不容易被自我消耗拖垮

453
00:18:21,900 --> 00:18:24,733
所以回到昨天周星驰留下的那个问题

454
00:18:25,233 --> 00:18:27,300
苏灿最后当了丐帮帮主

455
00:18:27,533 --> 00:18:29,366
这难道不也是一个身份吗

456
00:18:29,966 --> 00:18:33,700
现在你可以用今天的框架给自己一个答案了

457
00:18:33,933 --> 00:18:35,900
如果丐帮帮主这个标签

458
00:18:35,933 --> 00:18:37,766
进了他的默认模式网络

459
00:18:37,766 --> 00:18:41,166
变成了一条新的"我是谁"的自传体叙事

460
00:18:41,200 --> 00:18:42,833
那它就是新的一件衣服

461
00:18:42,833 --> 00:18:43,533
会勒他

462
00:18:43,633 --> 00:18:47,300
但如果它只是一个功能性的称呼 - 别人叫他一声

463
00:18:47,300 --> 00:18:48,300
他答应一下

464
00:18:48,533 --> 00:18:52,333
事情做完就散 - 它就停留在核心自我那一层

465
00:18:52,333 --> 00:18:54,400
根本没进自传体的那个故事

466
00:18:54,933 --> 00:18:55,933
没进故事

467
00:18:55,933 --> 00:18:56,933
就没有锁

468
00:18:57,400 --> 00:18:58,566
你们每一个人

469
00:18:58,566 --> 00:19:01,000
其实每天都在做同一道判断题

470
00:19:01,466 --> 00:19:04,666
你今天早上醒来对自己说的第一句话是什么

471
00:19:05,266 --> 00:19:07,366
是"我今天要成为那个很厉害的我"

472
00:19:07,533 --> 00:19:09,200
还是"我今天先喝一口水

473
00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:11,000
感觉一下水进入身体"

474
00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:14,366
第一种是自传体自我在开机

475
00:19:14,533 --> 00:19:16,400
第二种是核心自我在线

476
00:19:16,766 --> 00:19:19,200
修行不是让你不喝水、不做事

477
00:19:19,366 --> 00:19:20,900
是让你在做事的时候

478
00:19:21,066 --> 00:19:22,033
少开一点机

479
00:19:22,900 --> 00:19:23,433
最后

480
00:19:23,466 --> 00:19:24,900
我想留一个更大的问题

481
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:28,233
今天我们说"破我执"不是消灭"我"

482
00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:29,400
是松动"执"

483
00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:31,933
但执松到什么程度算"破"

484
00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:34,966
假如这条河上的旗子全拔了

485
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:36,000
水还在流

486
00:19:36,666 --> 00:19:39,133
但如果连"水在流"这个觉知本身

487
00:19:39,333 --> 00:19:42,733
也不再被任何主体所拥有 - 那这条河

488
00:19:42,933 --> 00:19:44,033
还是一条河吗

489
00:19:44,566 --> 00:19:45,166
还是说

490
00:19:45,433 --> 00:19:48,133
它变成了一种我们连名字都还没有的东西

491
00:19:48,833 --> 00:19:50,500
苏灿放下了所有身份

492
00:19:50,633 --> 00:19:51,633
留在了乞丐里

493
00:19:52,233 --> 00:19:53,800
这已经让很多人不能理解

494
00:19:54,433 --> 00:19:56,233
但如果连"放下"都放下了

495
00:19:56,533 --> 00:19:58,233
连"留下"也留不住了

496
00:19:58,700 --> 00:19:59,866
那个时候的那个人

497
00:20:00,033 --> 00:20:01,366
还能被称为"一个人"吗

498
00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:02,466
你怎么看

499
00:20:02,933 --> 00:20:04,533
评论区里说说你的想法

500
00:20:05,366 --> 00:20:08,066
也说说你听完昨天那期和今天这期

501
00:20:08,366 --> 00:20:09,666
心里有没有哪一个按钮

502
00:20:09,966 --> 00:20:10,933
被悄悄按了一下

503
00:20:12,033 --> 00:20:12,733
我是王利杰

504
00:20:13,033 --> 00:20:13,633
我们下期见