1 00:00:00,268 --> 00:00:01,211 You have three brains 2 00:00:01,427 --> 00:00:02,750 Two are outside your head 3 00:00:03,108 --> 00:00:04,270 Let me ask you something 4 00:00:04,748 --> 00:00:06,471 Have you ever experienced this 5 00:00:06,588 --> 00:00:08,510 Before making an important decision 6 00:00:08,587 --> 00:00:10,387 You analyze it over and over 7 00:00:10,387 --> 00:00:12,131 Everything about it seems worthwhile 8 00:00:12,387 --> 00:00:13,230 You should do it 9 00:00:13,468 --> 00:00:15,830 But there is a feeling deep in your gut 10 00:00:15,948 --> 00:00:16,990 That something is wrong 11 00:00:17,228 --> 00:00:18,690 In the end you listen to your brain 12 00:00:19,108 --> 00:00:20,111 And it turns out 13 00:00:20,187 --> 00:00:21,898 Your gut was right 14 00:00:22,174 --> 00:00:22,517 Hello 15 00:00:22,774 --> 00:00:23,238 Everyone 16 00:00:23,535 --> 00:00:24,538 I am Leo Wang 17 00:00:24,814 --> 00:00:25,933 Today we are exploring something 18 00:00:25,934 --> 00:00:28,497 That may overturn how you understand your body 19 00:00:28,735 --> 00:00:30,174 We are taught from childhood 20 00:00:30,174 --> 00:00:32,137 That the brain commands the body 21 00:00:32,294 --> 00:00:34,657 Every thought decision and emotion 22 00:00:34,734 --> 00:00:37,977 Happens in that organ weighing just over a kilogram 23 00:00:38,215 --> 00:00:39,654 The rest of the body 24 00:00:39,654 --> 00:00:41,617 Simply carries out its orders 25 00:00:42,014 --> 00:00:42,837 Your hands are tools 26 00:00:43,175 --> 00:00:44,297 Your feet are tools 27 00:00:44,374 --> 00:00:45,398 Your heart is a pump 28 00:00:45,775 --> 00:00:47,297 Your intestines are a drain 29 00:00:47,619 --> 00:00:48,939 But what if I told you 30 00:00:48,939 --> 00:00:51,582 An independent nervous system lives in your gut 31 00:00:51,699 --> 00:00:54,863 With roughly as many neurons as your entire spinal cord 32 00:00:55,060 --> 00:00:57,219 Your heart also has a neural network 33 00:00:57,220 --> 00:00:58,738 It can make decisions independently 34 00:00:58,740 --> 00:01:00,223 And even has its own memory 35 00:01:00,540 --> 00:01:01,243 Would that make you wonder 36 00:01:01,460 --> 00:01:02,778 Whether you actually know 37 00:01:02,780 --> 00:01:03,802 Anything about your own body 38 00:01:04,996 --> 00:01:06,118 Let us start with the gut 39 00:01:06,556 --> 00:01:09,479 You may have seen a number in science articles 40 00:01:09,636 --> 00:01:12,238 Saying the human gut has 500 million neurons 41 00:01:12,515 --> 00:01:14,158 That figure is widely repeated 42 00:01:14,315 --> 00:01:16,238 But it is actually an estimate 43 00:01:16,436 --> 00:01:17,518 In 2022 44 00:01:17,556 --> 00:01:21,279 A German research team set out to count them carefully 45 00:01:21,356 --> 00:01:23,839 Using standardized immunohistochemistry 46 00:01:23,955 --> 00:01:26,958 They measured gut neuron density across species 47 00:01:27,076 --> 00:01:29,559 Then extrapolated using data from human intestines 48 00:01:29,836 --> 00:01:31,158 Their final result was 49 00:01:31,196 --> 00:01:34,035 That the human enteric nervous system contains 50 00:01:34,035 --> 00:01:36,300 About 168 million neurons 51 00:01:36,456 --> 00:01:37,080 You might say 52 00:01:37,336 --> 00:01:38,735 That is far fewer than 500 million 53 00:01:38,737 --> 00:01:39,839 Does that make it less impressive 54 00:01:40,377 --> 00:01:41,179 No 55 00:01:41,536 --> 00:01:43,220 The number is still astonishing 56 00:01:43,297 --> 00:01:45,655 Because the neurons in your entire spinal cord 57 00:01:45,657 --> 00:01:47,259 Are roughly on the same scale 58 00:01:47,497 --> 00:01:48,380 In other words 59 00:01:48,417 --> 00:01:51,860 Your belly holds a nervous system as complex as your spinal cord 60 00:01:52,686 --> 00:01:53,549 More importantly 61 00:01:53,806 --> 00:01:55,324 This nervous system in your gut 62 00:01:55,326 --> 00:01:57,729 What scientists call the enteric nervous system 63 00:01:57,845 --> 00:01:59,689 Is not merely subordinate to your brain 64 00:01:59,925 --> 00:02:01,368 It can operate independently 65 00:02:01,485 --> 00:02:05,249 Even if you sever every vagus nerve connection to the brain 66 00:02:05,326 --> 00:02:09,329 The gut can still control movement secretion and immune responses 67 00:02:09,526 --> 00:02:13,688 It has its own sensory neurons interneurons and motor neurons 68 00:02:13,725 --> 00:02:15,329 All three layers are present 69 00:02:15,686 --> 00:02:16,925 In anatomical terms 70 00:02:16,926 --> 00:02:19,409 That is the full equipment of a complete nervous system 71 00:02:20,005 --> 00:02:22,684 So neuroscientists gave it a name 72 00:02:22,686 --> 00:02:24,049 The second brain 73 00:02:24,685 --> 00:02:27,888 But even that name may underestimate it 74 00:02:28,204 --> 00:02:31,728 Because its work goes far beyond digesting food 75 00:02:31,965 --> 00:02:32,847 Did you know 76 00:02:32,924 --> 00:02:36,964 Over 90 percent of the serotonin in your body is made in the gut 77 00:02:36,965 --> 00:02:38,287 Not in your brain 78 00:02:38,604 --> 00:02:39,548 What is serotonin 79 00:02:39,965 --> 00:02:44,527 A key neurotransmitter regulating mood sleep and well being 80 00:02:44,685 --> 00:02:46,003 When you take antidepressants 81 00:02:46,005 --> 00:02:48,361 They mainly act on the serotonin system 82 00:02:48,598 --> 00:02:50,602 One detail needs to be clear 83 00:02:50,878 --> 00:02:55,521 Serotonin made in the gut cannot directly cross the blood brain barrier 84 00:02:55,718 --> 00:02:57,761 It mainly works in the peripheral system 85 00:02:57,998 --> 00:03:01,602 Regulating digestion blood vessel constriction and platelet function 86 00:03:02,118 --> 00:03:06,521 But gut microbes can affect brain serotonin through another route 87 00:03:06,718 --> 00:03:08,722 They break down tryptophan in food 88 00:03:08,799 --> 00:03:11,682 And tryptophan is the raw material for serotonin in the brain 89 00:03:12,079 --> 00:03:13,638 Change the supply of raw materials 90 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:16,241 And the output of that chemical factory changes 91 00:03:16,519 --> 00:03:19,518 And tens of trillions of microbes live in your gut 92 00:03:19,519 --> 00:03:21,922 These microbes are not passive tenants 93 00:03:21,959 --> 00:03:24,882 They actively participate in your neurochemistry 94 00:03:25,097 --> 00:03:25,878 Research suggests 95 00:03:25,878 --> 00:03:28,382 They can produce or regulate dopamine 96 00:03:28,679 --> 00:03:31,398 GABA and norepinephrine 97 00:03:31,399 --> 00:03:35,442 All key molecules the brain uses to think and feel 98 00:03:35,718 --> 00:03:38,681 Through these molecules and metabolic products gut microbes 99 00:03:38,718 --> 00:03:40,798 Use the vagus nerve highway 100 00:03:40,799 --> 00:03:42,743 To send signals to the brain 101 00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:44,298 That is why 102 00:03:44,299 --> 00:03:46,382 Nervousness can give you diarrhea 103 00:03:46,499 --> 00:03:48,102 Heartbreak can give you stomach pain 104 00:03:48,179 --> 00:03:50,023 And anxiety can take away your appetite 105 00:03:50,219 --> 00:03:51,623 This is not just suggestion 106 00:03:51,660 --> 00:03:53,623 It is real neural communication 107 00:03:53,939 --> 00:03:56,659 Your gut is telling you in its own language 108 00:03:56,660 --> 00:03:58,503 How it reads your situation 109 00:03:58,820 --> 00:03:59,862 So next time 110 00:03:59,939 --> 00:04:02,382 Your gut sends you a signal 111 00:04:02,420 --> 00:04:03,943 At a crucial moment 112 00:04:04,140 --> 00:04:06,223 Perhaps you should take it seriously 113 00:04:06,380 --> 00:04:08,422 It is not just digesting your lunch 114 00:04:08,540 --> 00:04:11,437 It is also processing the world around you 115 00:04:11,555 --> 00:04:11,738 All right 116 00:04:12,155 --> 00:04:12,897 That covers the gut 117 00:04:13,115 --> 00:04:14,238 Now let us talk about the heart 118 00:04:14,594 --> 00:04:16,717 The heart has its own nervous system 119 00:04:16,835 --> 00:04:18,638 Even fewer people know about this 120 00:04:19,034 --> 00:04:22,837 There is a network called the intrinsic cardiac nervous system 121 00:04:23,075 --> 00:04:25,797 This network contains several ganglionated plexuses 122 00:04:26,075 --> 00:04:31,118 With sensory neurons local circuit neurons and motor neurons 123 00:04:31,395 --> 00:04:32,337 Notice the structure 124 00:04:32,755 --> 00:04:35,037 Sensing processing output 125 00:04:35,075 --> 00:04:37,438 The same basic architecture as the brain 126 00:04:37,554 --> 00:04:40,758 This system does more than passively receive brain commands 127 00:04:40,835 --> 00:04:43,998 It can independently regulate the heart beat by beat 128 00:04:44,673 --> 00:04:45,832 Even more interestingly 129 00:04:45,832 --> 00:04:48,875 A 2024 study in zebrafish found 130 00:04:49,113 --> 00:04:52,395 That neuron diversity in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system 131 00:04:52,433 --> 00:04:54,796 Far exceeded what scientists had expected 132 00:04:55,113 --> 00:04:59,796 One type showed features resembling a central pattern generator 133 00:05:00,072 --> 00:05:01,856 What is a central pattern generator 134 00:05:02,272 --> 00:05:04,952 It is a core circuit controlling rhythmic activities 135 00:05:04,952 --> 00:05:07,356 Such as breathing and walking 136 00:05:07,553 --> 00:05:10,195 The heart has neurons similar to those in the brain 137 00:05:10,233 --> 00:05:13,215 And they help regulate the rhythm of your heartbeat 138 00:05:13,371 --> 00:05:15,975 This cardiac nervous system has another property 139 00:05:16,092 --> 00:05:18,694 Neural plasticity and memory 140 00:05:18,932 --> 00:05:20,131 This is not my speculation 141 00:05:20,131 --> 00:05:23,054 A review published in an academic journal in 2024 142 00:05:23,092 --> 00:05:24,895 Explicitly described this 143 00:05:25,011 --> 00:05:29,298 The neural network in the heart can learn adapt and remember 144 00:05:29,415 --> 00:05:30,493 Have you noticed 145 00:05:30,495 --> 00:05:32,418 When we say feel with your heart 146 00:05:32,574 --> 00:05:34,278 We instinctively point somewhere other than the brain 147 00:05:34,495 --> 00:05:35,418 To our chest 148 00:05:35,615 --> 00:05:37,137 When we talk about intuition 149 00:05:37,295 --> 00:05:39,257 English calls it a gut feeling 150 00:05:39,295 --> 00:05:40,437 Gut means your intestines 151 00:05:40,855 --> 00:05:42,697 Intuition is a feeling in your gut 152 00:05:42,935 --> 00:05:46,017 When we call something nauseating to express moral disgust 153 00:05:46,175 --> 00:05:48,137 We borrow a word from the digestive system 154 00:05:48,415 --> 00:05:51,220 These linguistic fossils are no coincidence 155 00:05:51,696 --> 00:05:53,540 Traditional Chinese medicine says the heart governs the mind 156 00:05:53,696 --> 00:05:56,100 Many Chinese characters include the heart component 157 00:05:56,417 --> 00:05:59,980 Thinking ideas intention mindfulness memory fear grief and worry 158 00:06:00,057 --> 00:06:01,220 All are linked to the heart 159 00:06:01,497 --> 00:06:04,860 For thousands of years Chinese people did not place thinking in the brain 160 00:06:04,937 --> 00:06:06,259 They placed it in the heart 161 00:06:06,536 --> 00:06:10,300 Aristotle in ancient Greece also saw the heart as the center of intelligence 162 00:06:10,377 --> 00:06:11,899 And the brain as merely a cooling device 163 00:06:12,177 --> 00:06:13,660 This was not simply ancient ignorance 164 00:06:13,776 --> 00:06:16,740 It reflected thousands of years of bodily experience 165 00:06:16,977 --> 00:06:19,415 But over three centuries modern science 166 00:06:19,417 --> 00:06:22,175 Confined consciousness and intelligence to the skull 167 00:06:22,177 --> 00:06:24,420 And we forgot the wisdom of the body 168 00:06:24,931 --> 00:06:25,833 There is another kind of wisdom 169 00:06:26,131 --> 00:06:27,333 That is even easier to overlook 170 00:06:27,410 --> 00:06:29,694 The procedural memory of your body 171 00:06:29,891 --> 00:06:31,614 A pianist playing Chopin 172 00:06:31,650 --> 00:06:34,134 Has fingers that know where the next key is 173 00:06:34,210 --> 00:06:35,689 But if you ask her to stop 174 00:06:35,691 --> 00:06:38,090 And describe their movements in words 175 00:06:38,090 --> 00:06:39,134 She cannot 176 00:06:39,371 --> 00:06:42,453 An experienced driver swerves in an emergency 177 00:06:42,490 --> 00:06:45,773 His body responds fractions of a second ahead of conscious thought 178 00:06:46,050 --> 00:06:48,174 This knowledge is not in the cerebral cortex 179 00:06:48,210 --> 00:06:51,893 It resides in the cerebellum basal ganglia and muscle memory 180 00:06:52,290 --> 00:06:53,393 What the body knows 181 00:06:53,571 --> 00:06:54,934 The brain cannot put into words 182 00:06:55,290 --> 00:06:56,770 And this inexpressible knowledge 183 00:06:56,771 --> 00:06:59,236 Is often the most reliable 184 00:06:59,674 --> 00:07:00,017 Now 185 00:07:00,393 --> 00:07:02,952 A field called embodied cognition 186 00:07:02,953 --> 00:07:05,277 Is systematically correcting this bias 187 00:07:05,594 --> 00:07:07,556 Its central idea is 188 00:07:07,674 --> 00:07:10,796 That cognition is not abstract computation inside the brain 189 00:07:11,034 --> 00:07:14,597 It emerges from the whole body interacting with its environment 190 00:07:14,794 --> 00:07:17,316 Your posture affects your judgment 191 00:07:17,393 --> 00:07:20,032 Your facial expressions affect your emotions 192 00:07:20,034 --> 00:07:22,637 Your visceral sensations affect your decisions 193 00:07:22,834 --> 00:07:23,256 Cognition 194 00:07:23,714 --> 00:07:26,148 Has never been a solo performance by the brain 195 00:07:26,544 --> 00:07:28,508 A 2025 study proposed 196 00:07:28,664 --> 00:07:32,628 That motor decisions do not start as plans the brain sends to the body 197 00:07:32,744 --> 00:07:36,948 Instead perception decision and action happen together in the body 198 00:07:37,224 --> 00:07:39,628 When a footballer decides whom to pass to 199 00:07:39,744 --> 00:07:41,948 They do not finish calculating before they pass 200 00:07:41,984 --> 00:07:45,787 The body starts deciding as it perceives the surroundings 201 00:07:45,905 --> 00:07:48,847 Researchers call this embodied decision making 202 00:07:49,165 --> 00:07:51,807 This raises a fascinating philosophical question 203 00:07:52,124 --> 00:07:54,268 If your gut has its own nervous system 204 00:07:54,525 --> 00:07:57,448 That works independently and affects emotions and decisions 205 00:07:57,564 --> 00:08:01,807 And your heart has a similar system that can remember and learn 206 00:08:01,845 --> 00:08:03,187 Then where exactly are you 207 00:08:03,564 --> 00:08:04,468 Are you your brain 208 00:08:04,764 --> 00:08:07,107 Or are you the combination of all three nervous systems 209 00:08:07,804 --> 00:08:10,927 Buddhism discussed this question 2500 years ago 210 00:08:11,165 --> 00:08:13,328 Just in a completely different language 211 00:08:13,684 --> 00:08:15,648 When the Buddha taught the four foundations of mindfulness 212 00:08:15,804 --> 00:08:17,448 The first was mindfulness of the body 213 00:08:17,605 --> 00:08:18,847 Contemplate the body as the body 214 00:08:19,124 --> 00:08:19,508 Notice 215 00:08:19,725 --> 00:08:21,487 Not as a tool 216 00:08:21,525 --> 00:08:23,927 Not as an accessory to the brain 217 00:08:23,965 --> 00:08:25,727 But as the body 218 00:08:26,525 --> 00:08:29,847 Observe the body in its own right 219 00:08:30,444 --> 00:08:32,287 That may sound like an empty statement 220 00:08:32,444 --> 00:08:34,564 But in the context of modern science 221 00:08:34,564 --> 00:08:36,688 Its precision is almost unsettling 222 00:08:37,405 --> 00:08:38,727 What the Buddha was saying is 223 00:08:38,804 --> 00:08:41,487 That the body itself is a knowing subject 224 00:08:41,885 --> 00:08:43,068 It has its own wisdom 225 00:08:43,405 --> 00:08:44,647 Its own language 226 00:08:44,684 --> 00:08:45,967 Its own judgment 227 00:08:46,324 --> 00:08:49,647 You do not need the brain to translate it before you understand 228 00:08:50,024 --> 00:08:50,804 In fact 229 00:08:50,804 --> 00:08:54,675 The translation often distorts the message 230 00:08:54,913 --> 00:08:55,616 Why do I say that 231 00:08:56,232 --> 00:08:57,535 Because the brain has a habit 232 00:08:57,872 --> 00:08:59,315 A preference for narratives 233 00:08:59,553 --> 00:09:02,312 It must turn every sensation into a story 234 00:09:02,313 --> 00:09:03,312 Find a cause 235 00:09:03,313 --> 00:09:04,516 And attach a label 236 00:09:04,793 --> 00:09:05,876 Your stomach feels off 237 00:09:05,953 --> 00:09:07,716 The brain says you must have eaten something bad 238 00:09:08,112 --> 00:09:08,856 Your chest tightens 239 00:09:09,033 --> 00:09:10,555 The brain says you are anxious 240 00:09:10,752 --> 00:09:14,756 But bodily signals are often more accurate than the stories the brain invents 241 00:09:15,112 --> 00:09:18,075 They tell you things the brain has not yet understood 242 00:09:18,729 --> 00:09:20,152 Have you ever experienced this 243 00:09:20,729 --> 00:09:21,693 While meditating 244 00:09:21,890 --> 00:09:24,372 You suddenly feel a part of your body pulsing 245 00:09:24,530 --> 00:09:25,593 Or warmth in your chest 246 00:09:25,969 --> 00:09:27,333 Or tingling in your palms 247 00:09:27,569 --> 00:09:28,752 What is your first reaction 248 00:09:29,170 --> 00:09:31,233 Do you try to explain it with your brain 249 00:09:31,969 --> 00:09:32,152 Oh 250 00:09:32,650 --> 00:09:34,492 That is increased blood circulation 251 00:09:34,810 --> 00:09:34,992 Oh 252 00:09:35,449 --> 00:09:37,492 That is a side effect of relaxing my muscles 253 00:09:37,890 --> 00:09:39,392 But a meditation teacher will tell you 254 00:09:39,729 --> 00:09:40,693 Do not explain it 255 00:09:40,930 --> 00:09:42,077 Just observe it 256 00:09:42,394 --> 00:09:44,018 What is the essence of that instruction 257 00:09:44,514 --> 00:09:46,158 To quiet your brain 258 00:09:46,235 --> 00:09:48,477 And let the body speak in its own language 259 00:09:48,914 --> 00:09:50,077 In 2025 260 00:09:50,115 --> 00:09:54,077 A meta analysis covering 29 randomized controlled trials found 261 00:09:54,315 --> 00:09:59,158 That mindfulness training significantly improved self reported interoception 262 00:09:59,475 --> 00:10:03,077 Interoception is your ability to sense the internal state of your body 263 00:10:03,315 --> 00:10:05,077 The effect size was zero point three one 264 00:10:05,235 --> 00:10:07,918 Small to moderate in psychological research 265 00:10:07,955 --> 00:10:11,036 But reliable and consistent across studies 266 00:10:11,353 --> 00:10:12,551 Even more interestingly 267 00:10:12,552 --> 00:10:16,115 In a 2019 paper in Frontiers in Psychology Gibson 268 00:10:16,353 --> 00:10:18,196 Proposed a bold idea 269 00:10:18,432 --> 00:10:20,355 Some of the benefits of mindfulness meditation 270 00:10:20,432 --> 00:10:23,235 May not come from meditation itself 271 00:10:23,312 --> 00:10:25,595 But from enhanced interoception 272 00:10:25,753 --> 00:10:28,276 All types of meditation modulate the insula 273 00:10:28,513 --> 00:10:30,635 The brain center for interoception 274 00:10:30,753 --> 00:10:31,896 Different meditation techniques 275 00:10:32,152 --> 00:10:33,711 Approach it from different angles 276 00:10:33,713 --> 00:10:36,396 Opening your ability to sense signals from your internal organs 277 00:10:36,672 --> 00:10:39,276 So meditation is not about making your brain more powerful 278 00:10:39,353 --> 00:10:42,056 It is about making your body easier to hear 279 00:10:42,613 --> 00:10:44,975 That brings us back to our opening scene 280 00:10:45,293 --> 00:10:46,196 You are making a decision 281 00:10:46,653 --> 00:10:47,932 Your brain says yes 282 00:10:47,932 --> 00:10:49,135 Your gut says no 283 00:10:49,452 --> 00:10:50,731 Now you know 284 00:10:50,733 --> 00:10:53,172 That feeling in your belly is not an illusion 285 00:10:53,172 --> 00:10:53,956 Not superstition 286 00:10:54,332 --> 00:10:56,056 Not some supposed irrational impulse 287 00:10:56,293 --> 00:10:57,796 It is over 100 million neurons 288 00:10:58,172 --> 00:10:59,475 Tens of trillions of microbes 289 00:10:59,852 --> 00:11:01,571 And dozens of neurotransmitters 290 00:11:01,572 --> 00:11:04,451 Forming a vast information processing system 291 00:11:04,452 --> 00:11:05,895 Sending you a signal 292 00:11:06,212 --> 00:11:07,076 It has no words 293 00:11:07,413 --> 00:11:08,807 But it has judgment 294 00:11:08,964 --> 00:11:11,887 This raises a devastating question for artificial intelligence 295 00:11:12,364 --> 00:11:13,988 Every current large language model 296 00:11:14,285 --> 00:11:15,488 Has no body 297 00:11:15,805 --> 00:11:16,588 No gut 298 00:11:16,964 --> 00:11:17,927 No heartbeat 299 00:11:18,045 --> 00:11:19,328 No visceral sensations 300 00:11:19,724 --> 00:11:22,848 All its intelligence is packed into matrices of parameters 301 00:11:23,004 --> 00:11:25,647 A kind of pure computation inside a skull 302 00:11:25,925 --> 00:11:27,688 According to embodied cognition 303 00:11:27,805 --> 00:11:31,601 It therefore lacks a crucial dimension of cognition 304 00:11:31,798 --> 00:11:34,197 Can a system that has never felt stomach pain 305 00:11:34,198 --> 00:11:36,141 Truly understand nausea 306 00:11:36,877 --> 00:11:39,121 Can a system whose heart has never raced 307 00:11:39,198 --> 00:11:40,780 Truly understand fear 308 00:11:41,318 --> 00:11:42,877 For intelligence without a body 309 00:11:42,877 --> 00:11:44,241 Could the missing piece 310 00:11:44,318 --> 00:11:47,501 Be precisely what we call intuition or wisdom 311 00:11:48,364 --> 00:11:50,128 I am not sure what the answer is 312 00:11:50,404 --> 00:11:51,728 But I know one thing 313 00:11:52,164 --> 00:11:53,967 We spent centuries 314 00:11:54,004 --> 00:11:56,207 Extracting wisdom from the body 315 00:11:56,244 --> 00:11:57,888 And putting it all in the brain 316 00:11:58,164 --> 00:12:00,287 Then we spent decades 317 00:12:00,325 --> 00:12:03,407 Trying to copy that wisdom onto silicon 318 00:12:03,965 --> 00:12:05,364 Throughout this entire process 319 00:12:05,364 --> 00:12:08,648 Your gut kept quietly making serotonin 320 00:12:08,764 --> 00:12:11,888 Your heart kept adjusting its rhythm beat by beat 321 00:12:12,004 --> 00:12:15,870 Your body kept understanding the world in its own way 322 00:12:16,306 --> 00:12:19,705 Perhaps true artificial intelligence means more than building a bigger brain 323 00:12:19,707 --> 00:12:21,709 It means creating a being with a body 324 00:12:22,146 --> 00:12:23,589 This is not just science fiction 325 00:12:23,747 --> 00:12:26,709 Robotics researchers are already studying embodied intelligence 326 00:12:26,786 --> 00:12:31,150 Giving AI bodies to learn through experience in the physical world 327 00:12:31,426 --> 00:12:33,425 Perhaps only when an intelligent agent 328 00:12:33,426 --> 00:12:35,609 Has been stung by a bee or burned by hot water 329 00:12:35,906 --> 00:12:39,309 Has felt its heart in its throat high above the ground 330 00:12:39,426 --> 00:12:44,109 Will it truly understand fear pain and being alive 331 00:12:44,587 --> 00:12:48,109 Perhaps true awakening is not the brain figuring everything out 332 00:12:48,187 --> 00:12:49,785 But finally becoming quiet 333 00:12:49,786 --> 00:12:51,990 And hearing what the body has been saying all along 334 00:12:53,273 --> 00:12:54,966 You can try an experiment now 335 00:12:55,245 --> 00:12:56,758 Close your eyes for three seconds 336 00:12:57,218 --> 00:12:58,791 Feel your heartbeat 337 00:12:59,310 --> 00:13:00,098 Can you feel it 338 00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:03,378 That is your second brain speaking to you 339 00:13:03,859 --> 00:13:04,646 What did it say 340 00:13:04,944 --> 00:13:06,276 Only you know 341 00:13:06,676 --> 00:13:10,039 How much undiscovered wisdom is still hidden in your body 342 00:13:10,701 --> 00:13:14,929 If your body has ever made the right call before your brain 343 00:13:15,006 --> 00:13:16,699 I would love to hear your story 344 00:13:17,018 --> 00:13:17,726 I am Leo Wang 345 00:13:18,065 --> 00:13:18,862 See you next time