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玄奘翻译了千卷经文

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只亲手写了四首诗

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七十五部佛经

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一千三百三十五卷文献

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他几乎以一己之力把整座印度佛学图书馆搬到了中国

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但这位翻译帝国的缔造者

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相传一辈子只留下了一篇属于自己的原创作品

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不是一本书

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不是一篇论文

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是四首诗

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总共四十八行

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三百三十六个字

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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这四首诗叫八识规矩颂

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如果说上一期讲的百法明门论是唯识学的元素周期表

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再上一期讲的唯识三十颂是唯识学的宪法

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那八识规矩颂就是唯识学的临床诊断手册

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它不告诉你世界是什么

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它告诉你

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你的意识此刻正在干什么

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我先说一句大实话

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关于这篇作品到底是不是玄奘亲手写的

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学术界其实有争议

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近代学者周叔迦和吕澂都提出过质疑

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认为它可能是晚唐后人所作

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然后署了玄奘的名字

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理由包括文中某些用词不够严谨

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比如把非量和现量、比量并列称为三量

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在逻辑上不太符合玄奘一贯的精密风格

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但不管作者到底是谁

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这篇文本在唯识学中的地位毫无争议

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一千三百年来

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它是历代高僧几乎人人必背的速查手册

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今天我们不纠结作者

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只拆它到底说了什么

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三百三十六个字

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四首诗

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分别写给你意识系统里的四个部门

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前五识一首

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第六识一首

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第七识一首

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第八识一首

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每首诗又分三段

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前两段描述这个意识在日常状态下的运作规律

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第三段描述它最终可以升级成什么

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四首诗的结构完全平行

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就像四份格式统一的体检报告

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只不过检查的对象不同

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我们从第一首开始

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前五识颂

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开头四个字特别关键

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叫性境现量

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性境

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就是你的五个感官接触到的原始数据

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光、声波、气味、味道、触感

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现量

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就是不加任何判断、不做任何推理

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直接呈现的那一刻

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你的眼睛看到一片红色

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在你还没来得及想这是一朵玫瑰之前

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那个纯粹的红色呈现

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就是性境现量

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这四个字为什么重要

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因为它揭示了一个你每天都忽略的事实

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你的感官系统本身是极其干净的

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它不骗人

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你看到的颜色就是颜色

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听到的声音就是声音

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所有的故事、判断、情绪反应

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都是后面的工序加上去的

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前五识就像五台高精度传感器

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只做一件事

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如实传递数据

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你的痛苦从来不是传感器造成的

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是后台的加工程序出了问题

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颂文里还有一句叫合三离二观尘世

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鼻、舌、身三个感官必须跟对象直接接触才能感知

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这叫合

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眼和耳可以隔着距离感知

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这叫离

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七个字

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把五个传感器的工作模式交代得干干净净

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你品一下这个信息密度

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放在今天

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这就是一行代码注释

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精准到没有一个多余的字

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紧接着还有一句特别有意思

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叫愚者难分识与根

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根是感官器官本身

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眼球、耳膜、舌头

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识是依托这些器官产生的认知功能

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普通人分不清这两个东西

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你以为你是用眼睛在看

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但唯识学说

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眼球只是硬件

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眼识才是跑在硬件上的软件

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硬件坏了

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软件当然没法运行

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但硬件本身不等于软件

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为什么这个区分很重要

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因为它回答了一个很多人关心的问题

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一个盲人、一个聋人

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他们的意识是不是不完整的

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八识规矩颂的回答是

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不是

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他们的眼识

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耳识的种子依然完好地存在于阿赖耶识中

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只是当下的硬件条件不支持它运行

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就像你手机没信号的时候

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不是通信软件坏了

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是基站覆盖不到你

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前五识颂的最后一段

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写的是升级之后的状态

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圆明初发成无漏

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三类分身息苦轮

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前五识转化为成所作智之后

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不再只是被动接收信号

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而是变成了主动服务众生的精准工具

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你的眼睛不再只看花看手机

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它能看见众生真正的苦

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你的耳朵不再只听八卦和噪音

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它能听见那些没有说出口的痛

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传感器还是那五个传感器

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但驱动它们的操作系统彻底换了

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接下来第二首

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第六识颂

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第六识是你平时最熟悉的那个意识

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就是你此刻正在用来听我说话

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跟着我思考的那个东西

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颂文开头说

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三性三量通三境

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你把它和前五识颂的开头对比一下就明白了

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前五识是性境现量

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只接触一种境、使用一种认知方式

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第六识直接升级成三性三量通三境

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善恶无记全覆盖

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现量比量非量全能用

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性境带质境独影境全都通

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什么意思

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第六识是整个意识系统里最灵活、最全能的一个

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它什么都能干

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但这恰恰是它最危险的地方

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能成佛的是它

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能下地狱的也是它

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颂文还说了一句特别实在的话

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叫引满能招业力牵

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引业是把你引到下一世的总方向的那股力量

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满业是决定你到了之后具体过得怎么样的细节填充

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这两种业力

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都是第六识在每一次判断

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每一次选择中一点一点积攒出来的

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你今天做了一个善的决定

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第六识就往阿赖耶识里种了一颗善的种子

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你今天撒了一个谎

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它就种了一颗恶的种子

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日积月累

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这些种子就编织成了你未来的剧本

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所以颂文说业力牵

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你以为你在自由选择

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其实你每一次选择本身就在给未来的自己编程

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颂文里有七个字

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我认为是整部八识规矩颂里最值得你记住的

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叫动身发语独为最

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你的身体做了什么

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你的嘴说了什么

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最终的指令都是第六识发出的

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前五识只管感知

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第七识只管执着

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第八识只管存储

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只有第六识是那个直接拍板

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让你手去做、让你嘴去说的操作者

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这意味着什么

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意味着修行的主战场就在第六识

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你暂时改不了传感器的灵敏度

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也够不着阿赖耶识的深处

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但你可以训练第六识

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每一次你选择不发脾气

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每一次你在要骂人之前停住了

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每一次你把我好倒霉换成了这个因缘现在是这样

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你就在更新第六识的参数

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这不是心灵鸡汤

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这是出厂设置的实时改写

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第六识最终升级为妙观察智

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颂文的描述是

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观察圆明照大千

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你的思考判断不再被偏见污染

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如实观察一切

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你看一个人、看一件事的时候

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不再自动编故事、不再条件反射地贴标签

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而是清楚地看见它本来的样子

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第三首

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第七识颂

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这首是四首里最扎心的一首

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开头七个字

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带质有覆通情本

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带质境是什么

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就是末那识永远在拿真实的东西

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然后往上面投射一层虚假的意义

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阿赖耶识好好的一个种子仓库

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末那识非要抓着它说

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这就是我

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就像你照镜子

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镜子里的影像是真实的光学反射

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但你非说镜子里那个就是我的本来面目

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你在真实数据上附加了一层虚构的所有权声明

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有覆是什么意思

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覆就是遮蔽

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末那识虽然不直接制造善恶业

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但它永远在遮挡你看见真相的能力

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它是你所有认知偏见的总开关

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然后是颂文里七个字

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恒审思量我相随

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恒是永不停歇

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审是审视

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思量是思考衡量

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末那识二十四小时不休息地做一件事

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维护我的存在感

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你睡着了它还在运转

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你打坐入定

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念头都快停了

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但那个我在打坐的微弱感觉还在

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那就是末那识没有关机

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接下来是我认为整部颂文里最震撼的七个字

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有情日夜镇昏迷

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镇就是一直、永远、从来没有中断

228
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所有有情众生

229
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日日夜夜

230
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都沉浸在末那识制造的我的幻觉里

231
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你以为自己是清醒的

232
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但你二十四小时都在一场叫做我的白日梦中

233
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你以为的清醒

234
00:09:18,660 --> 00:09:21,597
只是梦里的一种自以为醒了的状态

235
00:09:22,061 --> 00:09:23,577
这七个字为什么震撼

236
00:09:24,100 --> 00:09:25,717
因为它不是在骂你

237
00:09:25,780 --> 00:09:28,597
它在描述一个你验证得了的事实

238
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你现在试试看

239
00:09:30,301 --> 00:09:31,837
闭上眼睛三秒钟

240
00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:36,258
观察一下：能不能找到一个完全没有我在里面的瞬间

241
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你会发现做不到

242
00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:40,878
就连你在观察这件事的时候

243
00:09:41,020 --> 00:09:43,197
都有一个我在观察的感觉

244
00:09:43,461 --> 00:09:46,118
这就是有情日夜镇昏迷

245
00:09:46,221 --> 00:09:47,957
你可以亲自验证

246
00:09:48,260 --> 00:09:50,378
末那识升级为平等性智

247
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颂文说

248
00:09:51,860 --> 00:09:54,077
极喜初心平等性

249
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极喜地就是菩萨初地

250
00:09:56,581 --> 00:09:57,620
在那个时刻

251
00:09:57,620 --> 00:10:02,238
末那识第一次放下了这是我的那是别人的这条分界线

252
00:10:02,380 --> 00:10:05,278
看见一切众生平等无差别

253
00:10:05,500 --> 00:10:07,118
这不是一个道德口号

254
00:10:07,140 --> 00:10:09,379
要求你应该平等对待每个人

255
00:10:09,380 --> 00:10:11,477
而是一个真实的认知事件

256
00:10:11,541 --> 00:10:16,477
你看见了我和他人之间的边界是末那识画的一条虚线

257
00:10:16,860 --> 00:10:17,778
线消失了

258
00:10:18,061 --> 00:10:19,477
自然就平等了

259
00:10:19,701 --> 00:10:20,298
最后一首

260
00:10:20,701 --> 00:10:21,837
第八识颂

261
00:10:22,260 --> 00:10:25,597
这首诗拆的是你意识系统的底层数据库

262
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开头一句

263
00:10:26,860 --> 00:10:28,477
浩浩三藏不可穷

264
00:10:28,900 --> 00:10:30,717
阿赖耶识被称为三藏

265
00:10:30,860 --> 00:10:33,038
能藏、所藏、执藏

266
00:10:33,341 --> 00:10:35,717
能藏是它能收纳一切种子

267
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所藏是它被种子所充满

268
00:10:38,020 --> 00:10:40,717
执藏是末那识执着它为我

269
00:10:41,100 --> 00:10:41,817
三个藏字

270
00:10:42,140 --> 00:10:43,158
三层功能

271
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七个字交代完毕

272
00:10:45,260 --> 00:10:46,018
下一句更妙

273
00:10:46,740 --> 00:10:48,837
渊深七浪境为风

274
00:10:49,341 --> 00:10:51,477
阿赖耶识像深渊大海

275
00:10:51,660 --> 00:10:54,557
前七个识像海面上的七层波浪

276
00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:56,918
外境就是吹起波浪的风

277
00:10:57,301 --> 00:11:02,398
你体验到的一切翻涌、一切情绪起伏、一切念头来去

278
00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:04,278
都是海面上的浪花

279
00:11:04,380 --> 00:11:05,878
海底是平静的

280
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七个字

281
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一个比喻

282
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把整个八识系统的动态关系全说清了

283
00:11:11,900 --> 00:11:13,477
你想一想这个画面

284
00:11:13,780 --> 00:11:17,677
你每天经历的焦虑、愤怒、兴奋、失落

285
00:11:17,701 --> 00:11:18,518
都是浪

286
00:11:18,821 --> 00:11:20,798
朋友的一句话让你不开心

287
00:11:20,821 --> 00:11:22,717
是一阵风吹来了一个浪

288
00:11:23,181 --> 00:11:25,278
你刷到一条让你焦虑的新闻

289
00:11:25,301 --> 00:11:27,038
又一阵风又一个浪

290
00:11:27,380 --> 00:11:30,357
但海本身从来没有被风伤害过

291
00:11:30,740 --> 00:11:31,618
浪起浪落

292
00:11:31,900 --> 00:11:33,077
海还是海

293
00:11:33,341 --> 00:11:35,317
你觉得自己被折磨得够呛

294
00:11:35,461 --> 00:11:36,918
但那只是浪在翻

295
00:11:37,221 --> 00:11:38,258
你意识的深处

296
00:11:38,541 --> 00:11:40,197
那个阿赖耶识的大海

297
00:11:40,221 --> 00:11:41,238
始终不动

298
00:11:41,500 --> 00:11:42,898
你之所以感到痛苦

299
00:11:43,260 --> 00:11:44,717
不是因为海在痛

300
00:11:44,821 --> 00:11:46,638
而是因为你认错了身份

301
00:11:46,701 --> 00:11:48,317
你以为自己是浪

302
00:11:48,701 --> 00:11:52,878
然后是信息量最大的一句：受薰持种根身器

303
00:11:53,181 --> 00:11:55,077
去后来先作主公

304
00:11:55,380 --> 00:11:56,738
阿赖耶识做三件事

305
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接受新的熏习

306
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保持已有的种子

307
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维持你的身体和外在世界

308
00:12:02,980 --> 00:12:06,638
去后来先四个字描述了轮回的精确机制

309
00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:09,398
死亡的时候阿赖耶识最后离开

310
00:12:09,541 --> 00:12:11,677
投生的时候它最先到达

311
00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:13,758
它是你生命的真正主人

312
00:12:13,900 --> 00:12:15,477
但你从来不知道它

313
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因为你一直以为我就是那个在脑子里说话的声音

314
00:12:19,541 --> 00:12:22,357
第八识最终升级为大圆镜智

315
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大圆无垢同时发

316
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普照十方尘刹中

317
00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:28,918
种子仓库被彻底净化

318
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变成一面没有灰尘的大圆镜

319
00:12:31,620 --> 00:12:33,118
如实映照一切

320
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你想想这个意象有多精准

321
00:12:35,980 --> 00:12:37,740
镜子不选择照什么

322
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什么来了就照什么

323
00:12:39,500 --> 00:12:41,940
它不说这个人好看我多照一会儿

324
00:12:41,941 --> 00:12:43,878
那个人难看我不照了

325
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好的坏的、美的丑的

326
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来了就映

327
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走了就空

328
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这就是大圆镜智的状态

329
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阿赖耶识从一个带着偏见的存储系统

330
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变成了一面完全中立的镜子

331
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四首诗拆完了

332
00:12:58,860 --> 00:13:00,597
现在把它们连在一起看

333
00:13:00,660 --> 00:13:02,677
你会发现一个精妙的设计

334
00:13:03,100 --> 00:13:05,878
这不只是在分别描述四组意识

335
00:13:06,061 --> 00:13:11,077
它其实是一个从外到内、从浅到深的完整诊断流程

336
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先检查传感器有没有问题

337
00:13:13,461 --> 00:13:15,557
再检查处理器有没有偏差

338
00:13:15,701 --> 00:13:18,437
再检查那个制造自我的隐藏程序

339
00:13:18,541 --> 00:13:20,317
最后查底层数据库

340
00:13:20,581 --> 00:13:23,518
就像一个高级工程师排查系统故障

341
00:13:23,581 --> 00:13:24,779
先查输入端

342
00:13:24,780 --> 00:13:25,899
再查逻辑层

343
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再查中间件

344
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最后查核心存储

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00:13:29,140 --> 00:13:30,638
三百三十六个字

346
00:13:30,701 --> 00:13:33,158
一份完整的意识诊断报告

347
00:13:33,740 --> 00:13:36,317
不管这份报告出自谁的手笔

348
00:13:36,620 --> 00:13:37,918
写出它的那个人

349
00:13:37,980 --> 00:13:41,398
一定是把唯识学的整个体系真正吃透了

350
00:13:41,500 --> 00:13:45,077
然后用最少的字数压进了最关键的信息

351
00:13:45,500 --> 00:13:46,357
你想想

352
00:13:46,380 --> 00:13:49,357
今天我们做信息压缩、做知识蒸馏

353
00:13:49,421 --> 00:13:51,018
追求的不就是这件事吗

354
00:13:51,620 --> 00:13:52,457
丢掉冗余

355
00:13:52,660 --> 00:13:53,717
保留本质

356
00:13:53,941 --> 00:13:54,937
一千三百年前

357
00:13:55,221 --> 00:13:56,677
有人已经做到了

358
00:13:56,780 --> 00:13:59,878
最后说一个颂文暗示的重要信息

359
00:14:00,500 --> 00:14:02,038
四首诗的第三段

360
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分别写了转化的时间点

361
00:14:04,860 --> 00:14:07,758
第六识在菩萨初地就开始转化

362
00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:10,317
第七识也在初地松动

363
00:14:10,421 --> 00:14:14,197
但第八识要到第八不动地才开始舍藏

364
00:14:14,421 --> 00:14:16,918
到金刚道后才彻底清净

365
00:14:17,380 --> 00:14:20,770
这意味着修行有一个清晰的工程路线图

366
00:14:20,780 --> 00:14:24,638
你最先能改变的是你的思考方式

367
00:14:24,860 --> 00:14:27,317
然后是你的自我执着模式

368
00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:30,597
最后才是那个最深的种子仓库

369
00:14:30,941 --> 00:14:32,077
顺序不能跳

370
00:14:32,221 --> 00:14:36,557
就像你不能不更新操作系统就直接改写底层固件

371
00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:39,409
这也回答了很多观众一直在问的一个问题

372
00:14:39,419 --> 00:14:42,638
我打坐的时候能感觉到平静

373
00:14:42,701 --> 00:14:45,158
可一回到生活中就打回原形

374
00:14:45,260 --> 00:14:46,457
是不是修行没用

375
00:14:47,061 --> 00:14:47,697
不是没用

376
00:14:48,061 --> 00:14:49,878
是你改的层次不一样

377
00:14:50,100 --> 00:14:53,518
打坐的时候你暂时平息了第六识的杂念

378
00:14:53,620 --> 00:14:56,118
但第七识的我执根本没动

379
00:14:56,461 --> 00:14:57,697
你以为你在修行

380
00:14:58,061 --> 00:15:00,077
但末那识在暗处说

381
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看

382
00:15:00,581 --> 00:15:01,758
我在进步了

383
00:15:01,900 --> 00:15:05,717
你的平静感本身可能就是一种微妙的自我膨胀

384
00:15:06,541 --> 00:15:10,638
真正的转化要深入到第七识甚至第八识的层面

385
00:15:10,701 --> 00:15:13,278
那不是一两次打坐能搞定的事

386
00:15:13,301 --> 00:15:17,437
那需要持续的、系统的、贯穿日常生活的觉察训练

387
00:15:17,581 --> 00:15:20,638
八识规矩颂把这个路线写得清清楚楚

388
00:15:20,660 --> 00:15:21,659
一步一步来

389
00:15:21,659 --> 00:15:22,448
急不得

390
00:15:23,061 --> 00:15:24,957
下次你被某件事激怒的时候

391
00:15:25,061 --> 00:15:27,158
不妨试试这份诊断手册

392
00:15:27,461 --> 00:15:28,638
问自己三个问题

393
00:15:29,109 --> 00:15:29,900
第一

394
00:15:29,900 --> 00:15:32,697
我的五个传感器输入了什么原始数据

395
00:15:33,509 --> 00:15:34,301
第二

396
00:15:34,301 --> 00:15:37,337
我的第六识在这个数据上面编了什么故事

397
00:15:38,109 --> 00:15:38,900
第三

398
00:15:38,900 --> 00:15:42,097
我的第七识在这个故事里维护的是哪个我

399
00:15:42,860 --> 00:15:44,139
你跑完这三步

400
00:15:44,140 --> 00:15:48,398
你就已经在使用这份一千三百年前的意识诊断工具了

401
00:15:48,860 --> 00:15:49,817
这四首诗里

402
00:15:50,140 --> 00:15:51,658
哪一首最让你有感觉

403
00:15:52,301 --> 00:15:55,898
你在日常生活中最容易在哪一层意识上卡住

404
00:15:56,421 --> 00:15:57,177
我是王利杰

405
00:15:57,500 --> 00:15:58,380
我们下期见