1
00:00:00,378 --> 00:00:01,901
世亲用一百个词

2
00:00:02,258 --> 00:00:03,841
拼完了整个宇宙

3
00:00:04,258 --> 00:00:06,200
化学有元素周期表

4
00:00:06,298 --> 00:00:09,801
一百多种元素拼出了宇宙间所有的物质

5
00:00:10,137 --> 00:00:12,441
生物学有四个碱基字母

6
00:00:12,497 --> 00:00:16,041
排列组合写出了地球上所有生命的源代码

7
00:00:16,338 --> 00:00:17,381
那你有没有想过

8
00:00:17,777 --> 00:00:18,896
人类的意识

9
00:00:18,897 --> 00:00:19,900
你所有的体验

10
00:00:20,178 --> 00:00:21,321
所有的情绪

11
00:00:21,378 --> 00:00:22,140
所有的念头

12
00:00:22,658 --> 00:00:24,920
所有你以为的外部世界

13
00:00:24,937 --> 00:00:27,100
能不能也用一张表拼出来

14
00:00:27,617 --> 00:00:28,701
一千六百年前

15
00:00:29,018 --> 00:00:30,240
有人做到了

16
00:00:30,498 --> 00:00:31,841
他用一百个词

17
00:00:32,018 --> 00:00:33,960
写了一篇几百字的短文

18
00:00:34,097 --> 00:00:36,976
把你能体验到的一切分门别类

19
00:00:36,978 --> 00:00:38,081
无一遗漏

20
00:00:38,417 --> 00:00:41,640
这篇短文叫大乘百法明门论

21
00:00:41,857 --> 00:00:42,180
哈喽

22
00:00:42,417 --> 00:00:42,901
大家好

23
00:00:43,177 --> 00:00:44,201
我是王利杰

24
00:00:44,537 --> 00:00:46,720
上一期我们讲了唯识三十颂

25
00:00:46,817 --> 00:00:48,441
那是唯识学的宪法

26
00:00:48,497 --> 00:00:51,960
三十首偈语浓缩了整个意识系统的运作原理

27
00:00:52,097 --> 00:00:54,097
今天这部百法明门论

28
00:00:54,097 --> 00:00:56,081
是唯识学的元素周期表

29
00:00:56,378 --> 00:00:58,521
宪法告诉你国家怎么运转

30
00:00:58,537 --> 00:01:02,280
元素周期表告诉你这个国家到底有哪些建筑材料

31
00:01:02,417 --> 00:01:03,536
两个加在一起

32
00:01:03,537 --> 00:01:05,960
你就能看见整栋大楼的全貌了

33
00:01:06,097 --> 00:01:08,801
百法明门论的作者是世亲菩萨

34
00:01:08,817 --> 00:01:10,960
就是写唯识三十颂的那位

35
00:01:11,257 --> 00:01:13,081
翻译者是玄奘大师

36
00:01:13,138 --> 00:01:15,001
唐朝贞观二十二年

37
00:01:15,298 --> 00:01:16,260
这部论非常短

38
00:01:16,578 --> 00:01:18,120
原文只有几百个字

39
00:01:18,177 --> 00:01:19,760
但信息密度极高

40
00:01:20,018 --> 00:01:22,680
它的来源是弥勒菩萨的瑜伽师地论

41
00:01:22,938 --> 00:01:25,921
瑜伽师地论里列了六百六十个法

42
00:01:26,097 --> 00:01:27,736
世亲觉得太多了

43
00:01:27,737 --> 00:01:29,480
入门的人根本记不住

44
00:01:29,977 --> 00:01:32,501
于是他做了一件大语言模型时代的人

45
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特别能理解的事情

46
00:01:34,457 --> 00:01:35,721
知识蒸馏

47
00:01:36,058 --> 00:01:39,001
他把六百六十个法压缩成一百个

48
00:01:39,138 --> 00:01:41,216
去掉了重复的、次要的

49
00:01:41,218 --> 00:01:44,441
保留了结构上不可或缺的核心节点

50
00:01:44,578 --> 00:01:45,941
压缩了六点六倍

51
00:01:46,337 --> 00:01:48,240
核心信息一个没丢

52
00:01:48,617 --> 00:01:52,441
而且这部论的开篇第一句话就点明了它的终极目的

53
00:01:52,737 --> 00:01:53,260
世亲说

54
00:01:53,697 --> 00:01:54,581
如世尊言

55
00:01:54,938 --> 00:01:56,320
一切法无我

56
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什么是一切法

57
00:01:58,097 --> 00:01:59,061
怎样叫无我

58
00:01:59,617 --> 00:02:02,320
然后他用一百个法回答了这两个问题

59
00:02:02,778 --> 00:02:04,656
他不是在做百科全书

60
00:02:04,658 --> 00:02:06,801
他是在用分类法破执着

61
00:02:07,097 --> 00:02:10,241
你以为有一个实心的我在体验这个世界

62
00:02:10,418 --> 00:02:14,417
世亲把你的体验拆成一百个零件摆在你面前说

63
00:02:14,418 --> 00:02:14,781
你看

64
00:02:15,138 --> 00:02:15,820
哪个是你

65
00:02:16,617 --> 00:02:16,820
好

66
00:02:17,258 --> 00:02:18,241
一百个法

67
00:02:18,377 --> 00:02:20,480
世亲把它们分成了五大类

68
00:02:20,978 --> 00:02:23,080
这个分类的顺序非常讲究

69
00:02:23,217 --> 00:02:25,056
我先给你过一遍全景

70
00:02:25,057 --> 00:02:27,721
然后我们深入拆最核心的那一类

71
00:02:28,217 --> 00:02:28,661
第一类

72
00:02:29,018 --> 00:02:29,461
心法

73
00:02:29,937 --> 00:02:30,561
八个

74
00:02:30,818 --> 00:02:33,040
就是我们之前讲过的八识

75
00:02:33,497 --> 00:02:38,061
眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识

76
00:02:38,457 --> 00:02:41,360
意识、末那识、阿赖耶识

77
00:02:41,818 --> 00:02:44,161
这八个是意识系统的主机

78
00:02:44,217 --> 00:02:46,161
是一切体验的发生器

79
00:02:46,418 --> 00:02:47,296
没有它们

80
00:02:47,298 --> 00:02:50,281
后面的九十二个法全都无处挂靠

81
00:02:50,698 --> 00:02:51,181
第二类

82
00:02:51,578 --> 00:02:52,181
心所法

83
00:02:52,497 --> 00:02:53,441
五十一个

84
00:02:54,018 --> 00:02:55,417
这是今天的重头戏

85
00:02:55,418 --> 00:02:57,600
等一下我要展开拆给你看

86
00:02:57,937 --> 00:03:00,760
心所法的意思是与心相应的法

87
00:03:00,937 --> 00:03:04,040
就是跟着心一起运作的各种心理功能

88
00:03:04,298 --> 00:03:05,181
你可以理解为

89
00:03:05,538 --> 00:03:07,040
心法是CPU

90
00:03:07,177 --> 00:03:10,200
心所法是CPU上跑的各种进程

91
00:03:10,657 --> 00:03:12,300
CPU本身是中性的

92
00:03:12,418 --> 00:03:13,681
它只管运算

93
00:03:13,897 --> 00:03:16,360
但跑在上面的进程有好有坏

94
00:03:16,497 --> 00:03:18,121
有的是杀毒软件

95
00:03:18,138 --> 00:03:19,721
有的是恶意程序

96
00:03:20,098 --> 00:03:20,700
第三类

97
00:03:21,098 --> 00:03:21,540
色法

98
00:03:21,937 --> 00:03:22,721
十一个

99
00:03:23,138 --> 00:03:25,640
色在佛学里不是颜色的意思

100
00:03:25,698 --> 00:03:27,760
是物质和物理现象的总称

101
00:03:28,138 --> 00:03:31,520
包括眼耳鼻舌身五种感官器官

102
00:03:31,698 --> 00:03:34,360
色声香味触五种感官对象

103
00:03:34,457 --> 00:03:37,040
再加上一个法处所摄色

104
00:03:37,138 --> 00:03:40,281
就是没有实体但你的意识能处理的东西

105
00:03:40,497 --> 00:03:42,100
比如梦境中的画面

106
00:03:42,377 --> 00:03:43,800
想象出来的场景

107
00:03:43,978 --> 00:03:44,341
注意

108
00:03:44,617 --> 00:03:47,016
唯识学不否认色法的存在

109
00:03:47,018 --> 00:03:47,820
但它强调

110
00:03:48,098 --> 00:03:49,576
你体验到的色法

111
00:03:49,578 --> 00:03:52,080
全都是心识变现的结果

112
00:03:52,298 --> 00:03:52,860
第四类

113
00:03:53,177 --> 00:03:54,381
心不相应行法

114
00:03:54,818 --> 00:03:55,800
二十四个

115
00:03:55,897 --> 00:03:57,480
这个名字特别拗口

116
00:03:57,578 --> 00:03:59,257
翻译成大白话就是

117
00:03:59,258 --> 00:04:01,640
跟心没有直接对应关系

118
00:04:01,657 --> 00:04:03,640
但也不是物质的那些东西

119
00:04:04,098 --> 00:04:07,741
比如时间、空间、数字、速度

120
00:04:08,258 --> 00:04:11,721
因果关系、名称、生住异灭

121
00:04:11,978 --> 00:04:13,721
这些东西你天天在用

122
00:04:13,897 --> 00:04:15,841
但它们既不是物质

123
00:04:15,858 --> 00:04:18,281
也不是你的某一种心理活动

124
00:04:18,617 --> 00:04:22,440
它们是意识在处理信息时产生的抽象结构

125
00:04:22,737 --> 00:04:24,240
用计算机的话说

126
00:04:24,257 --> 00:04:27,201
它们是数据结构和运行时环境

127
00:04:27,338 --> 00:04:29,800
不是硬件也不是应用程序

128
00:04:29,937 --> 00:04:32,161
但没有它们系统跑不起来

129
00:04:32,697 --> 00:04:33,221
第五类

130
00:04:33,458 --> 00:04:34,021
无为法

131
00:04:34,257 --> 00:04:35,000
六个

132
00:04:35,418 --> 00:04:38,781
虚空无为、择灭无为、非择灭无为

133
00:04:39,098 --> 00:04:42,920
不动灭无为、想受灭无为、真如无为

134
00:04:43,298 --> 00:04:45,880
前面九十四个法全是有为法

135
00:04:45,937 --> 00:04:48,961
就是因缘和合、生灭变化的东西

136
00:04:49,257 --> 00:04:51,920
这六个无为法是不生不灭的

137
00:04:52,098 --> 00:04:54,841
其中最重要的一个是真如无为

138
00:04:54,898 --> 00:04:57,297
也就是一切事物的本来面目

139
00:04:57,298 --> 00:04:58,600
圆成实性

140
00:04:58,697 --> 00:05:01,240
般若智慧最终看见的那个东西

141
00:05:01,778 --> 00:05:04,040
你看这五类的排列顺序

142
00:05:04,418 --> 00:05:05,620
心法在最前面

143
00:05:05,978 --> 00:05:07,641
无为法在最后面

144
00:05:08,057 --> 00:05:09,800
世亲不是随便排的

145
00:05:10,057 --> 00:05:13,120
他是在用排序告诉你一个核心观点

146
00:05:13,298 --> 00:05:14,521
万法唯识

147
00:05:14,778 --> 00:05:16,221
一切都从心开始

148
00:05:16,497 --> 00:05:17,680
由心展开

149
00:05:17,778 --> 00:05:19,880
最终回到心的本来面目

150
00:05:20,017 --> 00:05:23,761
这个排列本身就是一部浓缩版的修行路线图

151
00:05:24,098 --> 00:05:24,300
好

152
00:05:24,658 --> 00:05:26,440
现在我们深入第二类

153
00:05:26,497 --> 00:05:28,201
五十一个心所法

154
00:05:28,617 --> 00:05:31,057
这是百法明门论里最精彩

155
00:05:31,057 --> 00:05:33,201
对日常生活最有用的部分

156
00:05:33,617 --> 00:05:34,740
五十一个心所法

157
00:05:35,057 --> 00:05:36,360
分成六小组

158
00:05:36,658 --> 00:05:37,141
第一组

159
00:05:37,497 --> 00:05:38,420
遍行心所

160
00:05:38,778 --> 00:05:39,480
五个

161
00:05:39,898 --> 00:05:43,240
触、作意、受、想、思

162
00:05:43,737 --> 00:05:44,740
遍行的意思是

163
00:05:45,098 --> 00:05:46,600
无论你在干什么

164
00:05:46,617 --> 00:05:48,800
无论你的心处于什么状态

165
00:05:48,858 --> 00:05:50,841
这五个家伙永远在线

166
00:05:51,177 --> 00:05:53,880
它们是意识运作的最底层进程

167
00:05:53,937 --> 00:05:54,920
关不掉的

168
00:05:55,298 --> 00:05:55,500
触

169
00:05:55,898 --> 00:05:59,161
就是根、境、识三者相遇

170
00:05:59,458 --> 00:06:00,980
你的眼睛碰到光

171
00:06:01,338 --> 00:06:02,961
耳朵碰到声音

172
00:06:02,978 --> 00:06:05,240
这个碰到本身就是触

173
00:06:05,658 --> 00:06:06,100
作意

174
00:06:06,377 --> 00:06:08,000
就是注意力的启动

175
00:06:08,098 --> 00:06:10,761
大脑把资源分配到某个对象上

176
00:06:11,177 --> 00:06:11,380
受

177
00:06:11,778 --> 00:06:12,841
就是感受

178
00:06:13,017 --> 00:06:15,521
舒服、不舒服、还是中性的

179
00:06:15,778 --> 00:06:15,980
想

180
00:06:16,377 --> 00:06:17,480
就是取相

181
00:06:17,658 --> 00:06:19,920
给你接收到的信息贴标签

182
00:06:19,978 --> 00:06:20,860
这是红色的

183
00:06:21,098 --> 00:06:22,521
那是妈妈的声音

184
00:06:22,978 --> 00:06:23,180
思

185
00:06:23,577 --> 00:06:24,341
就是意志

186
00:06:24,617 --> 00:06:26,161
推动你做出反应

187
00:06:26,497 --> 00:06:27,641
这五个步骤

188
00:06:27,697 --> 00:06:30,120
每一刹那都在你身上运行

189
00:06:30,338 --> 00:06:32,141
此刻你听到我的声音

190
00:06:32,497 --> 00:06:33,000
触

191
00:06:33,257 --> 00:06:35,141
你把注意力放到了这句话上

192
00:06:35,458 --> 00:06:36,161
作意

193
00:06:36,377 --> 00:06:38,500
你觉得还不错或者有点无聊

194
00:06:38,937 --> 00:06:39,440
受

195
00:06:39,737 --> 00:06:42,880
你在脑子里给我说的话做分类和标记

196
00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:43,629
想

197
00:06:43,858 --> 00:06:45,821
你决定继续听还是切掉

198
00:06:46,298 --> 00:06:46,800
思

199
00:06:47,298 --> 00:06:47,661
五步

200
00:06:47,978 --> 00:06:49,281
一瞬间完成

201
00:06:49,538 --> 00:06:52,821
这套描述和现代认知科学的信息处理模型

202
00:06:53,017 --> 00:06:54,480
几乎完全一致

203
00:06:54,778 --> 00:06:57,800
认知科学说人类处理信息的流程是

204
00:06:57,858 --> 00:07:00,860
刺激输入、注意选择、情感标记

205
00:07:01,177 --> 00:07:03,321
分类识别、决策反应

206
00:07:03,898 --> 00:07:05,761
一千六百年前的五遍行

207
00:07:05,817 --> 00:07:09,161
和今天认知科学家画在白板上的流程图

208
00:07:09,257 --> 00:07:10,521
是同一张图

209
00:07:10,978 --> 00:07:11,500
第二组

210
00:07:11,858 --> 00:07:12,821
别境心所

211
00:07:13,137 --> 00:07:13,841
五个

212
00:07:14,017 --> 00:07:16,961
欲、胜解、念、定、慧

213
00:07:17,298 --> 00:07:18,497
别境的意思是

214
00:07:18,497 --> 00:07:21,040
它们不像遍行那样永远在线

215
00:07:21,098 --> 00:07:23,440
而是在特定条件下才启动

216
00:07:23,817 --> 00:07:24,021
欲

217
00:07:24,338 --> 00:07:26,281
就是对某个对象的希求

218
00:07:26,458 --> 00:07:27,380
你想吃火锅

219
00:07:27,697 --> 00:07:29,000
想看完这个视频

220
00:07:29,017 --> 00:07:29,880
都是欲

221
00:07:30,057 --> 00:07:30,420
注意

222
00:07:30,737 --> 00:07:32,697
佛学里的欲不是贬义词

223
00:07:32,697 --> 00:07:33,880
它是中性的

224
00:07:34,057 --> 00:07:36,120
善欲推动你精进修行

225
00:07:36,218 --> 00:07:38,281
恶欲推动你沉迷享乐

226
00:07:38,338 --> 00:07:39,721
关键看方向

227
00:07:39,976 --> 00:07:40,697
胜解

228
00:07:40,697 --> 00:07:44,000
就是对某件事形成了确定的理解和信念

229
00:07:44,137 --> 00:07:45,480
你听完一个论证

230
00:07:45,538 --> 00:07:47,576
内心涌起一股确信感

231
00:07:47,577 --> 00:07:48,680
那就是胜解

232
00:07:48,978 --> 00:07:49,180
念

233
00:07:49,577 --> 00:07:51,321
就是保持和记忆

234
00:07:51,418 --> 00:07:54,321
你打坐的时候把注意力放在呼吸上

235
00:07:54,458 --> 00:07:55,976
保持住不跑掉

236
00:07:55,978 --> 00:07:57,761
这个保持就是念

237
00:07:58,218 --> 00:08:00,600
现代正念冥想训练的核心

238
00:08:00,658 --> 00:08:01,961
就是这个心所

239
00:08:02,298 --> 00:08:02,500
定

240
00:08:02,817 --> 00:08:03,620
就是专注力

241
00:08:04,057 --> 00:08:05,576
注意力不仅启动了

242
00:08:05,577 --> 00:08:06,841
而且稳住了

243
00:08:06,937 --> 00:08:09,281
锁定在一个对象上不散乱

244
00:08:09,737 --> 00:08:09,940
慧

245
00:08:10,218 --> 00:08:11,401
就是抉择力

246
00:08:11,458 --> 00:08:15,480
能够分辨善恶、真假、表层和深层

247
00:08:16,338 --> 00:08:18,281
你把别境五个放在一起看

248
00:08:18,338 --> 00:08:21,800
它们描述的是人类认知能力的高级功能

249
00:08:22,298 --> 00:08:26,000
渴望、理解、记忆、专注、判断

250
00:08:26,257 --> 00:08:28,321
这五个能力的强弱组合

251
00:08:28,418 --> 00:08:31,841
基本决定了一个人学习和修行的效率

252
00:08:32,298 --> 00:08:32,740
第三组

253
00:08:32,937 --> 00:08:33,581
善心所

254
00:08:33,778 --> 00:08:34,600
十一个

255
00:08:34,778 --> 00:08:39,341
信、精进、惭、愧、无贪、无嗔、无痴

256
00:08:39,738 --> 00:08:42,681
轻安、不放逸、行舍、不害

257
00:08:43,258 --> 00:08:45,000
这十一个是正面力量

258
00:08:45,138 --> 00:08:48,000
是你意识系统里的杀毒软件和防火墙

259
00:08:48,498 --> 00:08:50,061
我特别想讲其中两个

260
00:08:50,457 --> 00:08:51,681
惭和愧

261
00:08:52,097 --> 00:08:53,581
很多人以为这是一个意思

262
00:08:54,057 --> 00:08:55,041
其实不是

263
00:08:55,378 --> 00:08:55,581
惭

264
00:08:55,937 --> 00:08:58,120
是面对自己内心的羞耻感

265
00:08:58,337 --> 00:08:59,541
你做了一件不好的事

266
00:08:59,697 --> 00:09:00,736
你自己知道

267
00:09:00,738 --> 00:09:02,441
你对不起自己的良心

268
00:09:03,097 --> 00:09:03,301
愧

269
00:09:03,658 --> 00:09:06,201
是面对他人和社会的羞耻感

270
00:09:06,618 --> 00:09:08,777
你做了那件事被别人知道了

271
00:09:08,778 --> 00:09:09,880
你觉得丢人

272
00:09:10,298 --> 00:09:10,980
一个向内

273
00:09:11,217 --> 00:09:12,160
一个向外

274
00:09:12,697 --> 00:09:13,640
你想想看

275
00:09:13,658 --> 00:09:16,240
如果一个人既没有惭也没有愧

276
00:09:16,298 --> 00:09:16,941
那是什么

277
00:09:17,378 --> 00:09:19,681
就是我们日常说的不知廉耻

278
00:09:19,937 --> 00:09:21,260
百法明门论告诉你

279
00:09:21,498 --> 00:09:22,856
这不是一个粗话

280
00:09:22,857 --> 00:09:24,600
而是一种精确的诊断

281
00:09:24,857 --> 00:09:29,041
善心所中的惭和愧两个功能同时失效了

282
00:09:29,138 --> 00:09:29,461
你看

283
00:09:29,937 --> 00:09:32,057
一千六百年前的佛学术语

284
00:09:32,057 --> 00:09:34,480
比我们今天的日常用语精确得多

285
00:09:34,817 --> 00:09:35,380
第四组

286
00:09:35,697 --> 00:09:36,461
根本烦恼

287
00:09:36,738 --> 00:09:37,441
六个

288
00:09:37,697 --> 00:09:41,520
贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑、恶见

289
00:09:41,857 --> 00:09:43,216
这六个是病根

290
00:09:43,217 --> 00:09:45,360
是一切心理痛苦的源代码

291
00:09:45,618 --> 00:09:46,660
贪是抓取

292
00:09:47,057 --> 00:09:48,061
嗔是排斥

293
00:09:48,457 --> 00:09:49,681
痴是看不清

294
00:09:49,817 --> 00:09:51,880
慢是觉得自己比别人厉害

295
00:09:51,898 --> 00:09:54,120
疑是对正确的事情不信任

296
00:09:54,138 --> 00:09:56,640
恶见是错误但顽固的观念

297
00:09:56,817 --> 00:09:57,821
你仔细品一品

298
00:09:58,177 --> 00:10:00,000
你生活中所有的烦恼

299
00:10:00,057 --> 00:10:01,941
是不是都能归到这六个里面

300
00:10:02,457 --> 00:10:03,020
第五组

301
00:10:03,498 --> 00:10:04,100
随烦恼

302
00:10:04,457 --> 00:10:05,321
二十个

303
00:10:05,658 --> 00:10:09,280
这二十个是从六个根本烦恼里长出来的枝叶

304
00:10:09,538 --> 00:10:10,921
你看它们的名字

305
00:10:11,217 --> 00:10:16,900
忿、恨、覆、恼、嫉、悭、诳、谄、害

306
00:10:17,337 --> 00:10:20,100
憍、无惭、无愧、掉举

307
00:10:20,457 --> 00:10:26,201
昏沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散乱、不正知

308
00:10:26,457 --> 00:10:29,400
每一个名字都精准到让你坐立难安

309
00:10:29,937 --> 00:10:31,961
忿是爆发式的暴怒

310
00:10:32,018 --> 00:10:33,100
恨不是暴怒

311
00:10:33,457 --> 00:10:35,057
恨是把怒记住了

312
00:10:35,057 --> 00:10:36,181
攥在手里不肯放

313
00:10:36,457 --> 00:10:37,480
慢慢发酵

314
00:10:37,817 --> 00:10:40,096
覆是明明知道自己做错了

315
00:10:40,097 --> 00:10:41,376
死活不肯承认

316
00:10:41,378 --> 00:10:42,921
还要找借口掩盖

317
00:10:43,258 --> 00:10:46,081
嫉是看到别人过得好心里就难受

318
00:10:46,298 --> 00:10:49,360
悭是明明有东西却舍不得跟人分享

319
00:10:49,577 --> 00:10:51,721
诳是为了利益欺骗别人

320
00:10:51,778 --> 00:10:54,321
谄是为了讨好对方歪曲自己

321
00:10:54,618 --> 00:10:55,697
你有没有注意到

322
00:10:55,697 --> 00:10:58,260
这里面有一对特别有意思的反面镜像

323
00:10:58,778 --> 00:11:00,880
善心所里有惭和愧

324
00:11:01,018 --> 00:11:03,441
随烦恼里有无惭和无愧

325
00:11:03,697 --> 00:11:05,020
世亲把它们对着放

326
00:11:05,217 --> 00:11:06,456
就是在告诉你

327
00:11:06,457 --> 00:11:09,081
善和恶不是两种完全不同的东西

328
00:11:09,177 --> 00:11:11,600
它们是同一个开关的两个位置

329
00:11:11,817 --> 00:11:12,900
惭的开关关了

330
00:11:13,138 --> 00:11:14,456
无惭就亮了

331
00:11:14,457 --> 00:11:15,461
愧的开关关了

332
00:11:15,618 --> 00:11:17,000
无愧就亮了

333
00:11:17,057 --> 00:11:18,777
修行不是消灭敌人

334
00:11:18,778 --> 00:11:20,520
而是把开关拨回来

335
00:11:20,658 --> 00:11:21,221
第六组

336
00:11:21,577 --> 00:11:22,581
不定心所

337
00:11:22,937 --> 00:11:23,640
四个

338
00:11:24,057 --> 00:11:26,961
悔、眠、寻、伺

339
00:11:27,258 --> 00:11:27,860
叫不定

340
00:11:28,097 --> 00:11:30,801
是因为它们本身不善不恶

341
00:11:30,898 --> 00:11:32,280
取决于你怎么用

342
00:11:32,618 --> 00:11:33,860
悔可以是善的

343
00:11:34,097 --> 00:11:35,897
做了坏事后悔改过

344
00:11:35,898 --> 00:11:36,880
那是好事

345
00:11:37,097 --> 00:11:38,496
悔也可以是恶的

346
00:11:38,498 --> 00:11:40,897
做了好事却后悔自己吃亏了

347
00:11:40,898 --> 00:11:42,240
那就变成了障碍

348
00:11:42,418 --> 00:11:43,020
眠也是

349
00:11:43,498 --> 00:11:45,480
适度的睡眠恢复身心

350
00:11:45,498 --> 00:11:47,760
过度的昏沉消磨生命

351
00:11:48,097 --> 00:11:49,660
寻是粗略的思考

352
00:11:50,097 --> 00:11:51,961
伺是细致的审察

353
00:11:52,057 --> 00:11:54,120
同样可善可恶

354
00:11:54,337 --> 00:11:54,541
好

355
00:11:54,937 --> 00:11:57,561
六组五十一个心所法讲完了

356
00:11:57,937 --> 00:12:00,041
你现在回头看这张清单

357
00:12:00,057 --> 00:12:02,441
你会发现一件让人震撼的事情

358
00:12:02,738 --> 00:12:04,897
现代心理学花了一百多年

359
00:12:04,898 --> 00:12:09,081
用实验和统计方法建立了各种情绪分类模型

360
00:12:09,418 --> 00:12:12,441
保罗·艾克曼说人有六种基本情绪

361
00:12:12,618 --> 00:12:17,081
罗伯特·普鲁契克画了一个情绪轮把情绪分成八大类

362
00:12:17,298 --> 00:12:19,081
这些模型很有价值

363
00:12:19,138 --> 00:12:22,341
但你把它们跟百法明门论的五十一个心所法

364
00:12:22,498 --> 00:12:23,721
放在一起比较

365
00:12:23,738 --> 00:12:25,801
你会发现一个本质的差异

366
00:12:26,378 --> 00:12:29,441
现代心理学主要在描述情绪的表面光谱

367
00:12:29,577 --> 00:12:33,640
百法明门论在做的事情是给你看情绪的底层源代码

368
00:12:33,977 --> 00:12:34,900
心理学告诉你

369
00:12:35,097 --> 00:12:36,640
你有嫉妒这种情绪

370
00:12:36,778 --> 00:12:39,177
百法明门论不仅告诉你有嫉妒

371
00:12:39,177 --> 00:12:41,801
它还告诉你嫉妒属于随烦恼

372
00:12:41,857 --> 00:12:44,280
根源是嗔和慢的混合物

373
00:12:44,418 --> 00:12:47,280
它还告诉你嫉跟悭是亲戚

374
00:12:47,418 --> 00:12:49,400
嫉是不允许别人拥有

375
00:12:49,418 --> 00:12:51,520
悭是不允许自己失去

376
00:12:51,618 --> 00:12:52,421
方向相反

377
00:12:52,618 --> 00:12:53,760
病根相同

378
00:12:53,977 --> 00:12:56,280
你看到的不只是一个情绪标签

379
00:12:56,337 --> 00:12:59,541
而是这个情绪在整个意识系统里的位置坐标

380
00:12:59,738 --> 00:13:01,081
和遗传谱系

381
00:13:01,337 --> 00:13:04,000
这就是百法明门论的真正价值

382
00:13:04,418 --> 00:13:06,240
它不是一张简单的清单

383
00:13:06,258 --> 00:13:07,921
它是一张拓扑地图

384
00:13:08,337 --> 00:13:10,681
每一个法都有自己的位置坐标

385
00:13:10,817 --> 00:13:14,480
跟其他法有精确的因果关系和层级关系

386
00:13:14,778 --> 00:13:16,921
你不只是知道自己在生气

387
00:13:16,977 --> 00:13:20,400
你还能看见生气是从哪条线路走过来的

388
00:13:20,498 --> 00:13:23,480
它在你的意识系统里挂靠在哪个节点上

389
00:13:23,577 --> 00:13:24,780
它的上游是什么

390
00:13:24,977 --> 00:13:26,561
下游会触发什么

391
00:13:26,778 --> 00:13:28,520
一旦你有了这张地图

392
00:13:28,577 --> 00:13:31,961
你处理情绪的方式就会发生根本性的变化

393
00:13:32,217 --> 00:13:33,421
以前你生气的时候

394
00:13:33,778 --> 00:13:34,657
你要么忍

395
00:13:34,658 --> 00:13:35,480
要么发

396
00:13:35,937 --> 00:13:37,301
忍是硬压下去

397
00:13:37,618 --> 00:13:39,160
发是朝外面喷

398
00:13:39,618 --> 00:13:41,841
两种方式都没有触及根本

399
00:13:42,177 --> 00:13:44,120
现在你多了第三条路

400
00:13:44,378 --> 00:13:46,620
你拿出百法明门论这张地图

401
00:13:46,977 --> 00:13:47,721
定位

402
00:13:48,177 --> 00:13:50,260
此刻在运作的是哪个心所

403
00:13:50,898 --> 00:13:51,301
是忿

404
00:13:51,658 --> 00:13:52,181
还是恨

405
00:13:52,898 --> 00:13:53,301
是嫉

406
00:13:53,738 --> 00:13:54,301
还是悭

407
00:13:55,018 --> 00:13:55,980
它属于哪一组

408
00:13:56,738 --> 00:13:59,620
根源对应的是六个根本烦恼里的哪一个

409
00:14:00,538 --> 00:14:02,640
光是这个定位的动作本身

410
00:14:02,898 --> 00:14:05,480
你就已经从情绪里退后了一步

411
00:14:05,977 --> 00:14:08,721
你不再是那个被愤怒淹没的人

412
00:14:08,937 --> 00:14:12,561
你变成了一个正在查看系统日志的工程师

413
00:14:13,177 --> 00:14:15,081
你没有消灭那个情绪

414
00:14:15,217 --> 00:14:18,000
你只是看见了它的出处和结构

415
00:14:18,378 --> 00:14:19,541
而看见本身

416
00:14:19,898 --> 00:14:21,600
就是修行的起点

417
00:14:22,018 --> 00:14:23,041
你可能在想

418
00:14:23,138 --> 00:14:25,860
这一百个法真的能覆盖一切体验吗

419
00:14:26,298 --> 00:14:27,341
会不会漏了什么

420
00:14:27,898 --> 00:14:29,321
这个问题问得好

421
00:14:29,618 --> 00:14:31,801
世亲自己其实已经给了答案

422
00:14:32,057 --> 00:14:35,721
百法明门论的论名里有一个词叫明门

423
00:14:36,217 --> 00:14:37,100
明是通达

424
00:14:37,378 --> 00:14:38,520
门是入口

425
00:14:38,738 --> 00:14:41,760
他没说这一百个法就是一切法的全部

426
00:14:41,898 --> 00:14:42,841
他说的是

427
00:14:42,857 --> 00:14:45,921
这一百个法是你通达一切法的入口

428
00:14:46,217 --> 00:14:49,921
就像元素周期表不会列出宇宙中每一个分子

429
00:14:50,018 --> 00:14:51,376
但你掌握了元素

430
00:14:51,378 --> 00:14:53,520
就有了理解所有分子的基础

431
00:14:53,857 --> 00:14:55,160
一千六百年前

432
00:14:55,217 --> 00:14:58,480
世亲把六百六十个法压缩成一百个的时候

433
00:14:58,618 --> 00:14:59,801
他不可能知道

434
00:14:59,898 --> 00:15:03,321
一千六百年后会有一种东西叫大语言模型

435
00:15:03,378 --> 00:15:07,879
用几乎相同的策略把人类所有的知识压缩成参数空间

436
00:15:07,879 --> 00:15:09,240
里的权重分布

437
00:15:09,577 --> 00:15:10,856
他也不可能知道

438
00:15:10,857 --> 00:15:14,441
他在做的事情有一个现代名字叫知识蒸馏

439
00:15:14,817 --> 00:15:16,096
他更不可能知道

440
00:15:16,097 --> 00:15:18,537
他留下的这张一百个零件的清单

441
00:15:18,538 --> 00:15:22,081
和今天认知科学家试图建立的意识模型

442
00:15:22,097 --> 00:15:24,160
指向的是同一个终极问题

443
00:15:24,498 --> 00:15:28,221
我们的主观体验到底是由哪些基本成分构成的

444
00:15:28,697 --> 00:15:29,020
不过

445
00:15:29,418 --> 00:15:31,400
今天讲完这一百个法之后

446
00:15:31,498 --> 00:15:33,760
有一个问题一直在我脑子里转

447
00:15:34,097 --> 00:15:36,681
化学的元素周期表有一个特点

448
00:15:36,898 --> 00:15:39,201
氢、氧、碳、氮

449
00:15:39,418 --> 00:15:41,480
这些元素本身没有生命

450
00:15:41,538 --> 00:15:44,561
但特定的排列组合就能涌现出生命

451
00:15:44,898 --> 00:15:48,240
百法明门论列出的这一百个法也是一样

452
00:15:48,378 --> 00:15:51,801
每一个单独拿出来都是极简单的心理功能

453
00:15:52,138 --> 00:15:53,780
触、受、想

454
00:15:54,138 --> 00:15:55,880
贪、嗔、痴

455
00:15:56,057 --> 00:15:56,701
拆开了看

456
00:15:56,977 --> 00:15:58,400
没有任何神秘的

457
00:15:58,498 --> 00:16:00,096
但它们的特定组合

458
00:16:00,097 --> 00:16:02,701
就涌现出了你此刻这个完整的

459
00:16:02,898 --> 00:16:06,081
有故事的、自以为真实存在的那个我

460
00:16:06,498 --> 00:16:07,640
那问题来了

461
00:16:08,258 --> 00:16:11,561
如果这个我只是一百个零件的临时组装

462
00:16:11,658 --> 00:16:14,480
你把零件一个一个拆下来看的时候

463
00:16:14,658 --> 00:16:15,581
我在哪里

464
00:16:16,097 --> 00:16:17,760
你现在可以试试

465
00:16:18,138 --> 00:16:19,201
停三秒钟

466
00:16:19,298 --> 00:16:23,000
注意一下你此刻最强烈的那个心理活动是什么

467
00:16:23,298 --> 00:16:24,660
是想知道更多的欲

468
00:16:25,378 --> 00:16:26,900
是正在做判断的慧

469
00:16:27,457 --> 00:16:31,140
还是已经有点坐不住想去看别的内容的掉举

470
00:16:31,817 --> 00:16:33,496
你刚才做的这个动作

471
00:16:33,498 --> 00:16:36,600
就是百法明门论给你的最大礼物

472
00:16:36,977 --> 00:16:40,721
你不再只是那个被情绪和念头推着走的人

473
00:16:41,097 --> 00:16:45,520
你开始成为一个能给自己的意识零件编号的工程师

474
00:16:46,057 --> 00:16:47,100
一旦你能编号

475
00:16:47,457 --> 00:16:48,640
你就能选择

476
00:16:48,898 --> 00:16:50,280
一旦你能选择

477
00:16:50,298 --> 00:16:52,921
你就不再是一百个零件的囚犯

478
00:16:53,258 --> 00:16:55,360
你变成了它们的观察者

479
00:16:55,857 --> 00:16:57,496
而观察者这个位置

480
00:16:57,498 --> 00:16:59,921
就是修行真正开始的地方

481
00:17:00,258 --> 00:17:00,900
我是王利杰

482
00:17:01,138 --> 00:17:02,360
我们下期见