1
00:00:00,333 --> 00:00:02,666
商鞅用一把尺子丈量了天下

2
00:00:02,700 --> 00:00:04,300
然后被那把尺子车裂了

3
00:00:04,800 --> 00:00:06,200
公元前338年

4
00:00:06,466 --> 00:00:07,266
秦孝公死了

5
00:00:08,533 --> 00:00:10,366
消息传到商鞅耳朵里的那一刻

6
00:00:10,766 --> 00:00:12,433
他正在封地商於

7
00:00:12,433 --> 00:00:15,366
距离那个他亲手打造的秦国法制帝国

8
00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:16,133
几百里路

9
00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:17,400
他不是不知道危险

10
00:00:18,366 --> 00:00:19,766
秦孝公一断气

11
00:00:19,766 --> 00:00:21,866
公子虔那帮人就会反扑

12
00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:22,666
这一点

13
00:00:22,666 --> 00:00:23,800
以商鞅的智力

14
00:00:23,833 --> 00:00:25,566
他比任何人都算得更清楚

15
00:00:26,433 --> 00:00:27,966
他变法近二十年

16
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:29,733
触动了太多人的利益

17
00:00:29,733 --> 00:00:30,866
旧贵族

18
00:00:30,866 --> 00:00:31,966
世袭阶层

19
00:00:31,966 --> 00:00:34,600
被他割过鼻子和脸上刺过字的人

20
00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:36,600
被他连坐过的家族

21
00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:38,500
还有那些被他剥夺了因为出身

22
00:00:38,533 --> 00:00:40,400
就能享有特权机会的所有人

23
00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:42,200
秦孝公在

24
00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:43,533
这些人不敢动

25
00:00:43,566 --> 00:00:44,766
秦孝公一走

26
00:00:44,766 --> 00:00:48,033
积蓄了近二十年的仇恨会以多快的速度反扑

27
00:00:48,066 --> 00:00:49,100
根本不需要预测

28
00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:50,700
他尝试逃往魏国

29
00:00:51,466 --> 00:00:52,466
魏国不接收他

30
00:00:53,466 --> 00:00:54,466
大意是

31
00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:57,533
此人曾经欺骗我们的将领公子卬

32
00:00:57,566 --> 00:00:59,166
对魏国有仇

33
00:00:59,166 --> 00:01:00,466
收了他是引狼入室

34
00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:03,333
他又尝试逃回商於

35
00:01:03,366 --> 00:01:04,533
自己的封地

36
00:01:04,533 --> 00:01:05,966
自己的领地

37
00:01:05,966 --> 00:01:07,566
准备在那里组织兵力抵抗

38
00:01:08,566 --> 00:01:09,866
秦国的军队追上来了

39
00:01:10,833 --> 00:01:11,700
最后

40
00:01:11,733 --> 00:01:12,833
商鞅被车裂示众

41
00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:14,566
所谓车裂

42
00:01:14,566 --> 00:01:16,800
就是把一个人的四肢和头颅

43
00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:18,800
分别绑在五辆马车上

44
00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:20,766
五匹马同时往五个方向奔跑

45
00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:23,100
史书上记载

46
00:01:23,100 --> 00:01:25,200
刑场上的人群山呼海啸

47
00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:26,833
没有一个人为他叫冤

48
00:01:26,866 --> 00:01:27,900
反而是一片欢呼

49
00:01:28,866 --> 00:01:31,500
史书留下了一句令人发凉的记录

50
00:01:31,533 --> 00:01:32,233
秦人不怜

51
00:01:32,966 --> 00:01:34,133
秦国的百姓

52
00:01:34,133 --> 00:01:36,566
那些他亲手从奴隶制里解放出来

53
00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:38,033
给了上升通道

54
00:01:38,066 --> 00:01:40,733
让他们可以凭军功换土地的普通人

55
00:01:40,733 --> 00:01:41,766
没有一个人可怜他

56
00:01:42,766 --> 00:01:44,133
这就是商鞅之死的全部

57
00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:46,033
他用近二十年时间

58
00:01:46,166 --> 00:01:48,100
替秦国装了一套新操作系统

59
00:01:48,433 --> 00:01:50,633
彻底改写了这个国家的底层逻辑

60
00:01:51,433 --> 00:01:52,900
然后他被这套系统抛弃

61
00:01:53,566 --> 00:01:55,233
被他自己立下的规矩杀死

62
00:01:55,700 --> 00:01:58,333
死在他亲手制造的国家机器的车轮下面

63
00:01:59,366 --> 00:02:00,000
哈喽大家好

64
00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:01,066
我是王利杰

65
00:02:01,466 --> 00:02:03,566
欢迎来到天道审判人道第四期

66
00:02:03,933 --> 00:02:05,033
今天的被审判者

67
00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:07,966
是中国历史上在制度层面的根本性改造上

68
00:02:08,233 --> 00:02:09,433
无出其右的改革者

69
00:02:09,766 --> 00:02:10,300
商鞅

70
00:02:10,466 --> 00:02:10,933
他的故事

71
00:02:11,500 --> 00:02:14,100
和帛书版道德经里两章连续的文字

72
00:02:14,366 --> 00:02:15,533
精确地撞在了一起

73
00:02:16,233 --> 00:02:17,833
一章是帛书第62章

74
00:02:18,266 --> 00:02:19,400
传世第18章

75
00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:21,433
一章是帛书第63章

76
00:02:21,733 --> 00:02:22,833
传世第19章

77
00:02:23,466 --> 00:02:24,633
这两章加在一起

78
00:02:25,033 --> 00:02:27,600
读起来像是老子专门为商鞅写的判词

79
00:02:28,166 --> 00:02:29,833
以及判词之后附带的处方

80
00:02:30,666 --> 00:02:31,133
只不过

81
00:02:31,366 --> 00:02:33,100
商鞅从来没有读懂这两章

82
00:02:33,333 --> 00:02:34,566
先看帛书原文

83
00:02:34,566 --> 00:02:35,666
先看帛书原文帛书第62章故大道废

84
00:02:36,033 --> 00:02:36,700
故大道废

85
00:02:37,066 --> 00:02:37,833
安有仁义

86
00:02:38,233 --> 00:02:38,933
知慧出

87
00:02:39,133 --> 00:02:39,800
安有大伪

88
00:02:40,333 --> 00:02:41,100
六亲不和

89
00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:42,166
安有孝兹

90
00:02:42,433 --> 00:02:43,133
邦家昏乱

91
00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:44,400
安有正臣

92
00:02:44,833 --> 00:02:45,700
再对照传世版

93
00:02:46,133 --> 00:02:46,900
大道废

94
00:02:47,100 --> 00:02:47,500
有仁义

95
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:48,933
慧智出

96
00:02:49,066 --> 00:02:49,566
有大伪

97
00:02:49,900 --> 00:02:51,000
六亲不和

98
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:51,500
有孝慈

99
00:02:52,166 --> 00:02:53,200
国家昏乱

100
00:02:53,233 --> 00:02:53,966
有忠臣

101
00:02:54,333 --> 00:02:55,366
一字之差

102
00:02:55,366 --> 00:02:56,200
力度天壤之别

103
00:02:56,900 --> 00:02:57,833
注意这个安字

104
00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:00,000
帛书版是安有仁义

105
00:03:00,033 --> 00:03:01,633
传世版是有仁义

106
00:03:01,900 --> 00:03:02,600
有仁义

107
00:03:02,633 --> 00:03:03,500
意思是

108
00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:04,433
大道废了

109
00:03:04,433 --> 00:03:05,366
于是出现了仁义

110
00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:07,333
这是一个陈述

111
00:03:07,366 --> 00:03:08,600
事情就是这样发生的

112
00:03:09,533 --> 00:03:10,433
安有仁义

113
00:03:10,433 --> 00:03:11,266
意思是

114
00:03:11,300 --> 00:03:12,400
大道废了

115
00:03:12,433 --> 00:03:13,833
哪里还谈得上有什么仁义

116
00:03:14,533 --> 00:03:15,700
这是一个反问

117
00:03:15,733 --> 00:03:17,433
带着一种近乎讽刺的力道

118
00:03:18,033 --> 00:03:19,300
你说的那个仁义

119
00:03:19,333 --> 00:03:21,700
本身就是大道已死的证明

120
00:03:21,733 --> 00:03:24,833
你拿着尸检报告当成救命药在开

121
00:03:24,833 --> 00:03:26,200
你在开什么玩笑

122
00:03:26,766 --> 00:03:27,833
这一字之差

123
00:03:27,866 --> 00:03:29,466
决定了整章话的性质

124
00:03:30,100 --> 00:03:32,233
传世版的逻辑是线性的

125
00:03:32,266 --> 00:03:32,933
道废

126
00:03:32,966 --> 00:03:34,300
仁义出现

127
00:03:34,333 --> 00:03:35,366
因果顺序

128
00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:37,500
听起来仁义还算是个补救措施

129
00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:40,633
帛书版的逻辑是解构性的

130
00:03:40,633 --> 00:03:41,666
大道废了

131
00:03:41,666 --> 00:03:46,300
你所谓的仁义、大伪、孝慈、忠臣这些标签

132
00:03:46,333 --> 00:03:48,900
全部是废墟上生长出来的杂草

133
00:03:48,900 --> 00:03:50,000
不是补救

134
00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:50,433
是症状

135
00:03:51,633 --> 00:03:53,133
是你拿症状当药方在用

136
00:03:53,466 --> 00:03:55,133
还有另一处差异

137
00:03:55,133 --> 00:03:57,000
帛书版是孝兹

138
00:03:57,033 --> 00:03:58,133
传世版是孝慈

139
00:03:58,900 --> 00:04:00,533
这是慈字的通假

140
00:04:00,533 --> 00:04:02,433
字形不同但意思接近

141
00:04:02,466 --> 00:04:03,500
这里不展开

142
00:04:03,533 --> 00:04:04,666
重点在那个安字

143
00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:07,300
帛书第63章

144
00:04:07,533 --> 00:04:09,766
传世第19章 帛书原文

145
00:04:10,033 --> 00:04:14,400
绝知弃辩 民利百倍 绝伪弃虑 民复孝兹

146
00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:17,866
绝巧弃利 盗贼无有 此三言也

147
00:04:18,033 --> 00:04:20,766
以为文未足 故令之有所属

148
00:04:21,166 --> 00:04:24,333
见素抱朴 少私寡欲 绝学无忧 

149
00:04:24,633 --> 00:04:26,533
传世版 绝圣弃智

150
00:04:26,833 --> 00:04:27,500
民利百倍

151
00:04:28,166 --> 00:04:29,166
绝仁弃义

152
00:04:29,266 --> 00:04:30,166
民复孝慈

153
00:04:30,866 --> 00:04:31,800
绝巧弃利

154
00:04:32,033 --> 00:04:32,666
盗贼无有

155
00:04:33,533 --> 00:04:35,033
此三者以为文不足

156
00:04:35,433 --> 00:04:36,533
故令有所属

157
00:04:36,733 --> 00:04:37,833
见素抱朴

158
00:04:37,833 --> 00:04:38,933
少私寡欲

159
00:04:38,966 --> 00:04:40,000
绝学无忧

160
00:04:40,666 --> 00:04:41,666
这里差异就大了

161
00:04:42,100 --> 00:04:44,000
传世版是 绝圣弃智

162
00:04:44,333 --> 00:04:45,733
帛书版是 绝知弃辩

163
00:04:46,666 --> 00:04:47,600
绝圣弃智

164
00:04:47,766 --> 00:04:50,700
丢掉的是圣人和智慧这两个名号和标签

165
00:04:51,033 --> 00:04:52,833
听起来像是一种道德修炼

166
00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:55,533
是让你别去追求那个圣人的名声

167
00:04:56,133 --> 00:04:56,933
绝知弃辩

168
00:04:57,500 --> 00:04:58,700
丢掉的是知和辩

169
00:04:59,400 --> 00:04:59,833
知

170
00:04:59,833 --> 00:05:02,600
是机巧的算计和知识谋略

171
00:05:02,833 --> 00:05:03,233
辩

172
00:05:03,233 --> 00:05:06,966
是诡辩、雄辩、用言辞操控舆论

173
00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:08,900
这不是道德修炼

174
00:05:09,366 --> 00:05:10,933
是操作规程上的一刀

175
00:05:11,166 --> 00:05:13,733
把那套靠谋略和辩术驱动的治理系统

176
00:05:14,033 --> 00:05:14,666
直接关掉

177
00:05:15,700 --> 00:05:17,200
传世版的绝仁弃义

178
00:05:17,233 --> 00:05:19,300
帛书版变成了绝伪弃虑

179
00:05:19,300 --> 00:05:21,133
丢掉的不是仁义本身

180
00:05:21,133 --> 00:05:22,266
而是伪

181
00:05:22,300 --> 00:05:23,433
虚伪的表演

182
00:05:23,466 --> 00:05:24,200
和虑

183
00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:25,700
过度的算计和谋虑

184
00:05:26,566 --> 00:05:27,466
这就更精准了

185
00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:30,933
老子不是在说仁义本身有问题

186
00:05:30,966 --> 00:05:31,733
他在说

187
00:05:31,766 --> 00:05:33,533
当仁义变成表演

188
00:05:33,533 --> 00:05:35,366
当关怀变成算计

189
00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,966
当你每一个善举背后都有一个战略目的

190
00:05:38,966 --> 00:05:41,433
那个仁义本身已经变成了伪和虑

191
00:05:42,333 --> 00:05:43,666
两章合在一起

192
00:05:43,666 --> 00:05:47,700
这是一套完整的诊断：第62章是确诊书

193
00:05:47,733 --> 00:05:50,100
你现在看到的那些社会标签

194
00:05:50,133 --> 00:05:52,633
仁义、孝慈、忠臣

195
00:05:52,633 --> 00:05:54,933
全都是大道已经败坏的症状

196
00:05:54,933 --> 00:05:55,833
不是治病的药

197
00:05:56,800 --> 00:05:58,666
第63章是处方

198
00:05:58,666 --> 00:05:59,833
怎么治

199
00:05:59,866 --> 00:06:01,533
丢掉知巧和辩术

200
00:06:01,566 --> 00:06:03,466
丢掉虚伪和过度谋虑

201
00:06:03,466 --> 00:06:06,133
丢掉那套把利益包装成原则的操作

202
00:06:06,166 --> 00:06:07,666
见素抱朴

203
00:06:07,666 --> 00:06:08,266
少私寡欲

204
00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:09,900
现在把这两章

205
00:06:09,933 --> 00:06:11,900
贴在商鞅这个人的一生上面

206
00:06:11,900 --> 00:06:13,000
你会发现

207
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:15,100
密合程度高到让人后背发凉

208
00:06:15,933 --> 00:06:18,833
商鞅与这两章的精确碰撞大道废

209
00:06:18,866 --> 00:06:20,100
安有仁义

210
00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:22,500
商鞅做了什么公元前356年

211
00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:23,533
商鞅第一次变法

212
00:06:24,233 --> 00:06:25,366
他做的第一件事

213
00:06:25,466 --> 00:06:26,766
不是颁布法令

214
00:06:26,766 --> 00:06:27,766
而是立了一根木头

215
00:06:28,666 --> 00:06:29,333
城南

216
00:06:29,333 --> 00:06:31,100
一根三丈高的木头

217
00:06:31,133 --> 00:06:32,633
旁边贴了告示

218
00:06:32,666 --> 00:06:34,733
谁能把这根木头搬到城北

219
00:06:34,733 --> 00:06:35,200
赏十金

220
00:06:35,933 --> 00:06:36,366
没人信

221
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:38,266
他把赏金提到五十金

222
00:06:39,133 --> 00:06:41,166
有个人将信将疑地搬了

223
00:06:41,166 --> 00:06:42,633
商鞅当场兑现

224
00:06:42,666 --> 00:06:43,233
给了五十金

225
00:06:44,066 --> 00:06:46,066
这个故事叫作立木建信

226
00:06:46,066 --> 00:06:49,233
是所有历史教科书都会提到的一个经典案例

227
00:06:49,266 --> 00:06:50,500
解读通常是

228
00:06:50,500 --> 00:06:53,600
商鞅在用行动建立政府公信力

229
00:06:53,633 --> 00:06:56,100
展示法令一旦颁布就会严格执行

230
00:06:56,100 --> 00:06:56,700
不打折扣

231
00:06:57,500 --> 00:06:59,600
从人道操作系统的逻辑来看

232
00:06:59,633 --> 00:07:00,733
这个分析完全正确

233
00:07:01,633 --> 00:07:03,333
但从天道的视角来看

234
00:07:03,366 --> 00:07:05,800
这件事揭示了一个更深的问题

235
00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:06,766
一个社会

236
00:07:06,766 --> 00:07:10,266
为什么会需要用五十金搬木头来证明政府说话算数

237
00:07:10,933 --> 00:07:11,733
因为

238
00:07:11,733 --> 00:07:12,900
帛书原话

239
00:07:12,900 --> 00:07:13,833
信不足

240
00:07:13,866 --> 00:07:14,800
案有不信

241
00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:17,066
这是帛书第61章的原文

242
00:07:17,100 --> 00:07:18,100
传世第17章

243
00:07:18,966 --> 00:07:21,400
政府的诚信已经严重透支

244
00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:23,900
才需要用这种行为艺术来重新建立信任

245
00:07:24,833 --> 00:07:25,700
这是症状

246
00:07:25,733 --> 00:07:26,633
不是原因

247
00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:28,600
商鞅识别出了症状

248
00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:32,500
然后他用更强力的手段来强化这个信任机制

249
00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:33,233
法令

250
00:07:33,266 --> 00:07:34,766
严苛到令人窒息的法令

251
00:07:35,766 --> 00:07:36,966
他的法令是什么量级的

252
00:07:37,966 --> 00:07:38,466
连坐制

253
00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:40,700
一家犯法

254
00:07:40,733 --> 00:07:42,800
左右邻居全部连坐

255
00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:43,966
告发者赏

256
00:07:43,966 --> 00:07:44,766
包庇者同罪

257
00:07:45,566 --> 00:07:46,300
轻罪重罚

258
00:07:47,466 --> 00:07:49,466
随手丢垃圾在街上

259
00:07:49,466 --> 00:07:51,233
当时叫弃灰于道

260
00:07:51,233 --> 00:07:52,933
直接施以黥刑

261
00:07:52,966 --> 00:07:54,166
也就是在脸上刺字

262
00:07:55,133 --> 00:07:56,033
贵族不得例外

263
00:07:56,933 --> 00:07:58,066
太子犯法

264
00:07:58,100 --> 00:08:00,233
他不能直接惩处太子

265
00:08:00,266 --> 00:08:02,133
因为太子将来是国君

266
00:08:02,133 --> 00:08:05,600
于是他割了太子的老师公子虔的鼻子

267
00:08:06,033 --> 00:08:08,700
在另一位老师公孙贾脸上刺了字

268
00:08:08,866 --> 00:08:09,700
这叫黥刑

269
00:08:10,266 --> 00:08:13,533
这就是商鞅对帛书第62章的回应

270
00:08:13,566 --> 00:08:15,300
只不过他的回应是反向的

271
00:08:16,466 --> 00:08:17,900
老子的诊断是

272
00:08:17,933 --> 00:08:19,566
大道一旦消失

273
00:08:19,566 --> 00:08:24,400
仁义、法度、忠诚这些东西会以标签的形式冒出来

274
00:08:24,433 --> 00:08:25,733
但它们是症状

275
00:08:25,766 --> 00:08:26,133
不是药

276
00:08:27,133 --> 00:08:28,466
商鞅的操作是

277
00:08:28,466 --> 00:08:30,100
大道确实不在了

278
00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:32,333
那我就用法度来替代它

279
00:08:32,333 --> 00:08:35,000
用更严密的规则来强制维持秩序

280
00:08:35,966 --> 00:08:37,600
他把症状当成了解决方案

281
00:08:38,566 --> 00:08:40,300
他看到了六亲不和

282
00:08:40,300 --> 00:08:41,633
安有孝兹

283
00:08:41,633 --> 00:08:43,833
于是他强制家庭分户

284
00:08:43,833 --> 00:08:45,933
父子兄弟成年必须分家

285
00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:47,900
否则双倍征税

286
00:08:47,933 --> 00:08:51,933
准确说是家中有两个以上成年男子却不分家

287
00:08:51,933 --> 00:08:52,733
就加倍征税

288
00:08:53,766 --> 00:08:55,800
他不是在修复家庭关系

289
00:08:55,833 --> 00:08:58,066
他是在把家庭单元打散

290
00:08:58,066 --> 00:09:00,566
变成便于管理的原子化个体

291
00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:02,566
挂在国家机器的齿轮上

292
00:09:02,566 --> 00:09:03,666
每人各司其职

293
00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:05,500
他的仁义

294
00:09:05,500 --> 00:09:07,000
是算计出来的

295
00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:08,000
他的法度

296
00:09:08,033 --> 00:09:09,266
是工具性的

297
00:09:09,300 --> 00:09:10,366
他的公平

298
00:09:10,366 --> 00:09:12,133
是为了秦国能打胜仗服务的

299
00:09:13,066 --> 00:09:15,300
这正是帛书第62章说的

300
00:09:15,333 --> 00:09:16,233
知慧出

301
00:09:16,233 --> 00:09:16,933
安有大伪

302
00:09:17,766 --> 00:09:18,800
聪明人出场

303
00:09:18,833 --> 00:09:20,600
精密的谋算登场

304
00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:22,200
于是大伪随之而来

305
00:09:22,233 --> 00:09:23,966
不是粗鄙的谎言

306
00:09:23,966 --> 00:09:26,200
而是那种逻辑自洽、冠冕堂皇

307
00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:28,833
说起来条条有理的系统性虚伪

308
00:09:29,733 --> 00:09:32,033
商鞅构建的整套法制体系

309
00:09:32,066 --> 00:09:33,666
道理上无懈可击

310
00:09:33,666 --> 00:09:34,766
赏罚分明

311
00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:35,900
耕战有功

312
00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:37,133
出身不再决定命运

313
00:09:38,066 --> 00:09:39,066
这套道理

314
00:09:39,066 --> 00:09:39,800
是真的有道理

315
00:09:40,833 --> 00:09:43,000
但这套道理服务的终极目标

316
00:09:43,033 --> 00:09:46,033
是让秦国的战争机器更有效率地运转

317
00:09:46,533 --> 00:09:47,933
而不是让人活得更像人

318
00:09:48,966 --> 00:09:52,366
当一套制度的终极目标不是人的生命本身

319
00:09:52,366 --> 00:09:55,500
而是把人变成实现某个宏大目标的工具

320
00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:56,600
那它再精密

321
00:09:56,633 --> 00:09:57,833
也是老子说的大伪

322
00:09:58,166 --> 00:09:59,300
绝知弃辩

323
00:09:59,333 --> 00:10:00,666
民利百倍

324
00:10:00,666 --> 00:10:03,566
商鞅做了什么帛书第63章的开头

325
00:10:03,566 --> 00:10:04,933
绝知弃辩

326
00:10:04,966 --> 00:10:06,233
是一把精确的手术刀

327
00:10:07,233 --> 00:10:07,766
知

328
00:10:07,766 --> 00:10:08,900
机巧的知识和谋略

329
00:10:09,900 --> 00:10:10,466
辩

330
00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:13,733
诡辩、雄辩、用言辞操控秩序的能力

331
00:10:14,666 --> 00:10:15,833
老子的意思是

332
00:10:15,866 --> 00:10:18,333
当治理靠的是越来越精密的谋略

333
00:10:18,333 --> 00:10:20,333
和越来越严密的言辞规范

334
00:10:20,366 --> 00:10:21,866
这套治理本身就已经病了

335
00:10:23,100 --> 00:10:25,133
商鞅恰恰是知和辩的双料高手

336
00:10:26,033 --> 00:10:28,133
他在秦孝公面前初次亮相

337
00:10:28,166 --> 00:10:29,700
讲了三套方案

338
00:10:29,733 --> 00:10:31,466
帝道、王道、霸道

339
00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:33,400
头两套

340
00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:34,600
孝公听着昏昏欲睡

341
00:10:35,466 --> 00:10:36,933
第三套霸道一出

342
00:10:36,933 --> 00:10:38,666
孝公立刻精神抖擞

343
00:10:38,666 --> 00:10:40,033
语数日不厌

344
00:10:40,066 --> 00:10:41,666
聊了好几天还意犹未尽

345
00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:44,733
商鞅非常清楚孝公要什么

346
00:10:44,766 --> 00:10:46,033
不是修身养性

347
00:10:46,133 --> 00:10:47,766
不是百年德化

348
00:10:47,766 --> 00:10:48,666
是现在

349
00:10:48,700 --> 00:10:49,933
是这一代

350
00:10:49,966 --> 00:10:53,100
是要在他有生之年看到秦国压过六国的局面

351
00:10:54,100 --> 00:10:58,233
于是他把道这个概念拆解成若干可操作的技术手段

352
00:10:58,266 --> 00:11:00,500
用法术势替代了道的位置

353
00:11:00,500 --> 00:11:02,333
建了一套精密的人间管理系统

354
00:11:03,333 --> 00:11:04,666
这就是知的极致运用

355
00:11:05,733 --> 00:11:06,366
而他的辩呢

356
00:11:07,366 --> 00:11:08,900
变法推行之初

357
00:11:08,933 --> 00:11:09,933
反对声浪极大

358
00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:14,800
甘龙、杜挚等保守派在朝堂上据理力争

359
00:11:14,833 --> 00:11:16,133
祖法不能轻动

360
00:11:16,133 --> 00:11:17,500
先王之道不能违背

361
00:11:18,166 --> 00:11:20,666
商鞅的反驳堪称教科书级别

362
00:11:20,666 --> 00:11:21,900
前世不同教

363
00:11:21,900 --> 00:11:22,900
何古之法

364
00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:24,033
帝王不相复

365
00:11:24,066 --> 00:11:25,333
何礼之循

366
00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:28,066
每个时代的圣王都有不同的规则

367
00:11:28,066 --> 00:11:30,300
哪有什么一定要遵循的古法

368
00:11:30,333 --> 00:11:30,766
变

369
00:11:30,766 --> 00:11:31,366
才是正确的

370
00:11:32,133 --> 00:11:33,033
他说的

371
00:11:33,033 --> 00:11:34,066
有没有道理

372
00:11:34,066 --> 00:11:34,633
有的

373
00:11:34,733 --> 00:11:35,633
逻辑成立

374
00:11:36,266 --> 00:11:36,633
但他用这套逻辑做了什么

375
00:11:36,633 --> 00:11:38,066
他用辩打赢了辩论

376
00:11:38,066 --> 00:11:40,800
然后把变法的阻力全部清除

377
00:11:40,833 --> 00:11:43,666
让自己的意志得以以法令的形式强制推行

378
00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:45,233
辩赢了

379
00:11:45,233 --> 00:11:46,166
知胜利了

380
00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:46,566
然后呢

381
00:11:46,966 --> 00:11:49,300
帛书第63章后半段说

382
00:11:49,300 --> 00:11:50,633
绝伪弃虑

383
00:11:50,633 --> 00:11:51,700
民复孝兹

384
00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:55,066
丢掉虚伪的表演和过度的谋虑

385
00:11:55,066 --> 00:11:57,300
百姓自然会回归本真的孝与慈

386
00:11:58,300 --> 00:11:59,833
商鞅做的恰恰相反

387
00:11:59,866 --> 00:12:01,266
他用更多的虑

388
00:12:01,300 --> 00:12:02,766
更精密的谋算

389
00:12:02,766 --> 00:12:04,300
更严格的律令

390
00:12:04,333 --> 00:12:06,333
更细致的奖惩条文

391
00:12:06,333 --> 00:12:07,733
来强制规范人的行为

392
00:12:08,633 --> 00:12:11,066
他不信任人会自然地回归朴素

393
00:12:11,100 --> 00:12:11,933
他只信任规则

394
00:12:12,933 --> 00:12:13,833
结果是

395
00:12:13,833 --> 00:12:16,433
秦国的百姓确实变得更富有

396
00:12:16,466 --> 00:12:18,600
军队确实变得更强大

397
00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:19,800
土地确实扩张了

398
00:12:20,833 --> 00:12:21,800
但那个孝兹

399
00:12:22,166 --> 00:12:26,100
那个朴素的人与人之间自然生长出来的情感纽带

400
00:12:26,100 --> 00:12:30,166
在原子化的家庭拆分和无处不在的连坐制度下

401
00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:30,866
慢慢干枯了

402
00:12:31,866 --> 00:12:34,233
邻居之间必须互相告发

403
00:12:34,266 --> 00:12:35,000
否则同罪

404
00:12:35,933 --> 00:12:37,166
父子分家

405
00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:38,100
否则双倍税

406
00:12:39,033 --> 00:12:40,266
你让人怎么孝

407
00:12:40,300 --> 00:12:40,733
怎么慈

408
00:12:41,633 --> 00:12:46,033
他用机巧和律令强行替代了人心里自然生长的东西

409
00:12:46,033 --> 00:12:48,066
然后他很困惑

410
00:12:48,100 --> 00:12:49,833
为什么盗贼依然有

411
00:12:49,833 --> 00:12:51,833
他的法律已经如此严苛

412
00:12:51,833 --> 00:12:54,366
为什么秩序感还是靠恐惧而不是靠

413
00:12:54,366 --> 00:12:55,800
真正的归属感在维持

414
00:12:56,866 --> 00:12:58,266
帛书早就回答了

415
00:12:58,300 --> 00:12:59,433
绝巧弃利

416
00:12:59,433 --> 00:13:00,000
盗贼无有

417
00:13:00,966 --> 00:13:03,400
不是更严苛的法律让盗贼消失

418
00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:07,200
是丢掉那套以利为核心驱动逻辑的社会设计

419
00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:08,466
盗贼才会真正减少

420
00:13:09,533 --> 00:13:10,900
商鞅的整套系统

421
00:13:10,900 --> 00:13:12,800
从头到尾以利为驱动

422
00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:13,933
有功者利

423
00:13:13,966 --> 00:13:15,366
犯法者失利

424
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:16,866
奖惩皆以利益为货币

425
00:13:17,766 --> 00:13:20,333
他把所有人都训练成了在利益坐标系里

426
00:13:20,366 --> 00:13:21,900
精密计算的理性人

427
00:13:21,966 --> 00:13:23,300
然后他很奇怪

428
00:13:23,300 --> 00:13:26,633
为什么这些人会在利益足够大的时候选择铤而走险

429
00:13:27,366 --> 00:13:29,266
因为他用利来驱动一切

430
00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:30,200
却没意识到

431
00:13:30,233 --> 00:13:33,300
当利益足够大、被抓到的概率足够低

432
00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:36,600
这套精密计算的系统会把人推向犯险

433
00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:38,033
这不是系统失灵

434
00:13:38,033 --> 00:13:39,766
这是系统的完美运行

435
00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:40,966
只是方向反了

436
00:13:41,133 --> 00:13:42,666
庭审时刻第一层

437
00:13:42,700 --> 00:13:46,100
人道审判人道的坐标系对商鞅的评价

438
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:47,766
历朝历代争议极大

439
00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:48,700
从未达成共识

440
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:50,466
支持者说

441
00:13:50,466 --> 00:13:53,233
商鞅是中国历史上最成功的改革家

442
00:13:53,266 --> 00:13:54,433
没有商鞅变法

443
00:13:54,466 --> 00:13:56,266
就没有秦国统一六国

444
00:13:56,266 --> 00:13:58,866
就没有中国第一个大一统帝国

445
00:13:58,866 --> 00:14:00,366
历史进程将完全改写

446
00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:02,433
他是实干家

447
00:14:02,466 --> 00:14:03,733
是有大功于历史的人

448
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:05,733
反对者说

449
00:14:05,766 --> 00:14:07,000
他刻薄寡恩

450
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,366
用严刑峻法把人变成战争机器的零件

451
00:14:10,366 --> 00:14:11,800
他背信弃义

452
00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:13,800
早年投奔魏相公叔痤

453
00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:15,233
以私情离开

454
00:14:15,266 --> 00:14:16,933
他心术不正

455
00:14:16,933 --> 00:14:19,733
用欺骗手段俘虏魏将公子卬换取战功

456
00:14:20,633 --> 00:14:22,766
司马迁在史记里写完他的传

457
00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:24,333
最后加了一句话

458
00:14:24,366 --> 00:14:26,100
语气近乎鄙夷

459
00:14:26,100 --> 00:14:26,866
商君

460
00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:28,133
其天资刻薄人也

461
00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:30,666
在人道的坐标系里

462
00:14:30,666 --> 00:14:33,000
对商鞅的审判永远是拉锯战

463
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:34,833
因为人道衡量一个人

464
00:14:34,866 --> 00:14:39,533
用的是功绩与手段、动机与结果之间的权重分配

465
00:14:39,533 --> 00:14:41,266
而这个权重每个人给的不一样

466
00:14:42,133 --> 00:14:43,666
所以人道对商鞅

467
00:14:43,700 --> 00:14:44,600
没有终审判决

468
00:14:45,033 --> 00:14:46,833
但在天道的坐标系里

469
00:14:46,866 --> 00:14:48,266
判决已经写好了

470
00:14:48,266 --> 00:14:49,366
写在帛书里

471
00:14:49,366 --> 00:14:50,533
写在历史的结局里

472
00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:52,266
第二层

473
00:14:52,300 --> 00:14:54,400
天道审判天道的判词

474
00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:56,333
不在史书的评价里

475
00:14:56,366 --> 00:14:57,600
在商鞅死亡的方式里

476
00:14:58,266 --> 00:15:00,466
帛书第62章开篇就说

477
00:15:00,466 --> 00:15:01,566
故大道废

478
00:15:01,566 --> 00:15:02,200
安有仁义

479
00:15:02,933 --> 00:15:04,266
注意这个故字

480
00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:05,033
所以

481
00:15:05,033 --> 00:15:05,466
因此

482
00:15:06,366 --> 00:15:07,766
这是一个有前提的陈述

483
00:15:08,700 --> 00:15:09,700
前面那章

484
00:15:09,700 --> 00:15:11,200
帛书第61章

485
00:15:11,233 --> 00:15:13,000
传世第17章

486
00:15:13,033 --> 00:15:15,433
说的是最高的治理状态是什么

487
00:15:15,433 --> 00:15:16,133
太上

488
00:15:16,133 --> 00:15:17,633
下知有之

489
00:15:17,633 --> 00:15:18,766
最好的君主

490
00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:20,600
人民只知道他存在

491
00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:21,600
仅此而已

492
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:22,800
一切都自然运行

493
00:15:23,900 --> 00:15:24,866
故大道废

494
00:15:24,866 --> 00:15:27,933
正是因为这种自然运行的状态崩塌了

495
00:15:27,966 --> 00:15:29,866
于是仁义、法度

496
00:15:30,033 --> 00:15:32,700
忠臣这些概念才会像杂草一样冒出来

497
00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:35,533
商鞅的整个变法工程

498
00:15:35,533 --> 00:15:38,300
是一次对大道废状态的精确确认和深化

499
00:15:39,333 --> 00:15:41,766
他看到了周朝礼乐制度的崩溃

500
00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:43,866
看到了旧秩序的无效

501
00:15:43,866 --> 00:15:45,466
然后他的选择是

502
00:15:45,500 --> 00:15:47,200
用更人为、更精密

503
00:15:47,766 --> 00:15:50,666
更强制的系统来替代已经失效的旧系统

504
00:15:51,533 --> 00:15:52,833
他没有朝道的方向走

505
00:15:53,733 --> 00:15:54,833
他朝法的方向走

506
00:15:55,700 --> 00:15:56,833
这两个方向

507
00:15:56,866 --> 00:15:58,433
看起来都是在建设

508
00:15:58,433 --> 00:15:59,266
但本质相反

509
00:16:00,300 --> 00:16:01,233
道的方向

510
00:16:01,266 --> 00:16:02,966
是减少人为干预

511
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:05,600
让事物回归自身的运行节律

512
00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:07,366
老子说损之又损

513
00:16:07,400 --> 00:16:08,633
以至于无为

514
00:16:08,666 --> 00:16:10,166
帛书第11章

515
00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:11,766
传世第48章

516
00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:12,866
是一个减法过程

517
00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:14,800
法的方向

518
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:16,433
是增加人为干预

519
00:16:16,466 --> 00:16:20,200
用越来越精密的规则来覆盖越来越多的行为

520
00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:21,633
是一个加法过程

521
00:16:21,633 --> 00:16:23,933
加到极致就是法物滋彰

522
00:16:23,966 --> 00:16:25,366
而盗贼多有

523
00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:26,833
帛书第20章

524
00:16:26,833 --> 00:16:28,000
传世第57章

525
00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:32,733
而帛书的判词恰好在第20章里说过这句话

526
00:16:32,766 --> 00:16:34,200
法物滋彰

527
00:16:34,233 --> 00:16:34,966
而盗贼多有

528
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:37,966
法令越滋生繁衍

529
00:16:37,966 --> 00:16:38,866
盗贼反而越多

530
00:16:39,366 --> 00:16:41,433
商鞅一辈子都在做加法

531
00:16:41,466 --> 00:16:42,133
加法令

532
00:16:42,300 --> 00:16:43,166
加刑罚

533
00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:44,333
加连坐

534
00:16:44,366 --> 00:16:46,000
加奖惩条文

535
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:47,600
加军功爵位的细分层级

536
00:16:48,433 --> 00:16:50,500
每一条加法都逻辑自洽

537
00:16:50,500 --> 00:16:52,100
每一条加法都短期有效

538
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:54,933
但那个多闻数穷的规律

539
00:16:54,966 --> 00:16:55,966
他躲不过

540
00:16:55,966 --> 00:16:57,600
帛书第49章

541
00:16:57,600 --> 00:16:58,833
传世第5章

542
00:16:58,866 --> 00:17:00,300
帛书版作多闻

543
00:17:00,333 --> 00:17:03,433
传世版作多言

544
00:17:03,433 --> 00:17:04,500
一字之差

545
00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:05,633
含义大不同

546
00:17:05,666 --> 00:17:07,100
手段越多

547
00:17:07,100 --> 00:17:07,733
穷途越近

548
00:17:08,833 --> 00:17:10,366
天道给他的判决

549
00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:12,000
写在秦人不怜这四个字里

550
00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:14,633
他的法令说得清楚

551
00:17:14,666 --> 00:17:15,900
奖善罚恶

552
00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:16,533
赏罚分明

553
00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:20,166
可当他自己触犯了他的敌人们的利益

554
00:17:20,200 --> 00:17:21,266
那套系统

555
00:17:21,266 --> 00:17:23,266
那套他亲手打造的系统

556
00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:24,966
把他判了死刑

557
00:17:24,966 --> 00:17:27,866
而他亲手从底层提拔起来的秦国人民

558
00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:29,000
没有一个为他喊冤

559
00:17:29,733 --> 00:17:30,433
这不是背叛

560
00:17:31,466 --> 00:17:32,966
这是那套系统的完美运行

561
00:17:33,933 --> 00:17:37,600
他把人训练成了在奖惩机制里精密运算的个体

562
00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:38,833
当他消失

563
00:17:38,833 --> 00:17:41,766
没有任何情感的纽带让这些人为他发声

564
00:17:42,633 --> 00:17:45,733
因为他从未给这些情感纽带留出生长的空间

565
00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:48,333
这就是天道的判词

566
00:17:48,333 --> 00:17:49,433
你建立了什么

567
00:17:49,466 --> 00:17:50,433
你就被什么吞噬

568
00:17:51,333 --> 00:17:52,333
你剥夺了什么

569
00:17:52,500 --> 00:17:54,633
那个东西就在你最需要的时候缺席

570
00:17:54,966 --> 00:17:57,200
帛书第63章的最后一句

571
00:17:57,233 --> 00:17:59,133
是整个处方的核心

572
00:17:59,166 --> 00:18:00,333
见素抱朴

573
00:18:00,333 --> 00:18:01,400
少私寡欲

574
00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:01,966
绝学无忧

575
00:18:02,766 --> 00:18:03,533
见素

576
00:18:03,533 --> 00:18:05,033
看见本来的样子

577
00:18:05,066 --> 00:18:06,066
没有染色

578
00:18:06,066 --> 00:18:06,600
没有包装

579
00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:08,500
抱朴

580
00:18:08,533 --> 00:18:10,100
抱住那个未经雕琢的状态

581
00:18:11,033 --> 00:18:12,166
少私寡欲

582
00:18:12,200 --> 00:18:13,266
减少自我的算计

583
00:18:14,266 --> 00:18:15,500
绝学无忧

584
00:18:15,500 --> 00:18:18,433
放下那些用来操控和管理的知识谋略

585
00:18:18,433 --> 00:18:18,966
不再忧虑

586
00:18:20,166 --> 00:18:21,300
这四句话

587
00:18:21,300 --> 00:18:22,433
商鞅一句都没做到

588
00:18:23,333 --> 00:18:24,433
他的人生

589
00:18:24,466 --> 00:18:26,566
是这四句话的精确反面

590
00:18:26,566 --> 00:18:27,933
他极度雕琢

591
00:18:27,966 --> 00:18:30,533
每一条法令都是精密设计

592
00:18:30,533 --> 00:18:32,100
他私欲深重

593
00:18:32,100 --> 00:18:34,833
封地、爵位、权力都拿到了

594
00:18:35,100 --> 00:18:36,533
他博学善辩

595
00:18:36,566 --> 00:18:39,333
靠知识和辩术赢得了改革机会

596
00:18:39,366 --> 00:18:40,866
他忧虑极深

597
00:18:40,866 --> 00:18:43,666
连临死前的逃跑路线都反复计算

598
00:18:43,666 --> 00:18:44,933
却每一条都被堵死

599
00:18:45,233 --> 00:18:46,333
第三层

600
00:18:46,333 --> 00:18:49,400
唯识学病理报告商鞅的意识系统出了什么问题

601
00:18:50,433 --> 00:18:51,366
聚焦在两个维度

602
00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:53,666
第一个维度

603
00:18:53,666 --> 00:18:54,600
第六识

604
00:18:54,633 --> 00:18:56,400
意识的极度发达

605
00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:57,566
与第七识

606
00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:58,800
末那识的强烈绑定

607
00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:01,233
商鞅的第六识

608
00:19:01,266 --> 00:19:05,100
理性分析、推理判断、谋略规划

609
00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:07,466
是整个春秋战国时代最锋利的之一

610
00:19:08,366 --> 00:19:11,566
他能在脑子里同时模拟十年后的政策走向

611
00:19:11,966 --> 00:19:15,466
能把人性的弱点拆解成可操作的激励机制

612
00:19:15,466 --> 00:19:18,666
能把抽象的国家强大具体化成每一条

613
00:19:18,700 --> 00:19:19,933
可执行的法令条文

614
00:19:20,866 --> 00:19:22,166
这是智力的极致运用

615
00:19:23,033 --> 00:19:24,466
但他的第七识

616
00:19:24,500 --> 00:19:25,533
末那识

617
00:19:25,566 --> 00:19:29,866
那个持续执取这是我的、这是我做到的的意识层

618
00:19:29,866 --> 00:19:31,333
同样高度活跃

619
00:19:31,366 --> 00:19:32,833
且和第六识紧密绑定

620
00:19:33,833 --> 00:19:34,933
用白话说

621
00:19:34,966 --> 00:19:37,033
他的理性分析能力越强

622
00:19:37,033 --> 00:19:38,966
他这套系统是我设计的

623
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,533
这个秦国是我打造的这个执念就越深

624
00:19:42,533 --> 00:19:44,933
末那识的本质是持续地抓取自我感

625
00:19:45,866 --> 00:19:47,100
对一般人来说

626
00:19:47,133 --> 00:19:50,366
末那识抓取的是我的家、我的钱、我的面子

627
00:19:51,233 --> 00:19:52,833
对商鞅这个层级的人

628
00:19:52,866 --> 00:19:56,766
末那识抓取的是我的变法、我的制度、我的历史功绩

629
00:19:57,800 --> 00:19:58,833
规模不同

630
00:19:58,833 --> 00:19:59,300
结构一样

631
00:20:00,166 --> 00:20:02,666
这个结构导致了一个致命的盲点

632
00:20:02,666 --> 00:20:05,766
他无法接受系统运行的结果与他的预设不符

633
00:20:06,766 --> 00:20:07,900
变法初期

634
00:20:07,933 --> 00:20:09,300
太子犯法

635
00:20:09,333 --> 00:20:10,633
他处置了太子的老师

636
00:20:11,466 --> 00:20:12,466
这个决定

637
00:20:12,466 --> 00:20:13,966
法理上没有问题

638
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:15,366
逻辑上无懈可击

639
00:20:16,333 --> 00:20:20,166
但这个决定为他种下了一颗必然反噬的种子

640
00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:22,566
公子虔此后八年闭门不出

641
00:20:22,566 --> 00:20:24,133
积蓄着对他的仇恨

642
00:20:24,166 --> 00:20:24,800
等待时机

643
00:20:25,700 --> 00:20:28,266
商鞅当然知道这颗种子的存在

644
00:20:28,300 --> 00:20:30,133
但他的第六识告诉他

645
00:20:30,166 --> 00:20:32,733
法律的公信力比私怨更重要

646
00:20:32,733 --> 00:20:33,400
必须执行

647
00:20:34,133 --> 00:20:35,866
他算到了法律的公信力

648
00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:38,866
没有算到末那识永远不会止步

649
00:20:38,866 --> 00:20:40,900
不只是他自己的末那识

650
00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:42,500
还有公子虔的

651
00:20:42,533 --> 00:20:46,466
还有每一个被他的法令割过、刺过、连坐过的人的

652
00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:48,700
这些人的末那识在等

653
00:20:49,533 --> 00:20:51,366
秦孝公死亡的那一刻

654
00:20:51,366 --> 00:20:52,133
等待结束了

655
00:20:53,033 --> 00:20:54,366
第二个维度

656
00:20:54,366 --> 00:20:55,733
遍计所执性

657
00:20:55,766 --> 00:20:57,500
把法的标签当成了道本身

658
00:20:58,500 --> 00:20:59,600
唯识学里

659
00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:04,066
遍计所执性是指我们把概念标签当成了真实本身

660
00:21:04,166 --> 00:21:07,300
我们在第一期讲孔子的时候提过这个概念

661
00:21:07,300 --> 00:21:08,800
孔子的正名体系

662
00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:10,233
是把名分当成了实质

663
00:21:11,266 --> 00:21:12,900
商鞅的问题类似

664
00:21:12,900 --> 00:21:14,033
但更彻底

665
00:21:14,033 --> 00:21:15,833
他把法当成了道的全部

666
00:21:16,900 --> 00:21:18,800
法是一套概念系统

667
00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,233
是用来描述和规范行为的标签网络

668
00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,200
道是那个让万物自然运行的本身节律

669
00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:26,500
先于任何标签存在

670
00:21:27,500 --> 00:21:29,200
商鞅非常清楚法是工具

671
00:21:30,166 --> 00:21:31,900
他跟秦孝公说过

672
00:21:31,900 --> 00:21:33,033
（人间的）法是手段

673
00:21:33,066 --> 00:21:34,200
富国强兵是目的

674
00:21:35,033 --> 00:21:36,366
从这个意义上说

675
00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:37,900
他没有幼稚地把（人间的）法神化

676
00:21:38,766 --> 00:21:41,166
但他犯了更隐蔽的一个错误

677
00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,966
他用（人间的）法的逻辑来理解天道的运行

678
00:21:43,966 --> 00:21:47,566
以为只要规则足够精密、执行足够彻底

679
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:49,266
结果就可以被计算和控制

680
00:21:50,233 --> 00:21:52,733
这是把天道当成了一台可以编程的机器

681
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:54,666
天道不是机器

682
00:21:55,100 --> 00:21:56,033
它运行

683
00:21:56,066 --> 00:21:57,300
但它不响应程序指令

684
00:21:58,166 --> 00:21:59,566
你可以顺应它

685
00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:00,600
但你不能编写它

686
00:22:01,466 --> 00:22:02,400
商鞅的法

687
00:22:02,400 --> 00:22:04,133
是最精密的编程尝试之一

688
00:22:05,066 --> 00:22:06,333
编程越精密

689
00:22:06,333 --> 00:22:08,633
和天道的错位就越明显

690
00:22:08,633 --> 00:22:11,300
因为天道的核心属性恰恰是不可被（人类）编程

691
00:22:12,366 --> 00:22:14,066
用帛书第27章

692
00:22:14,066 --> 00:22:16,066
传世第65章的话说

693
00:22:16,066 --> 00:22:17,100
以知知邦

694
00:22:17,133 --> 00:22:17,733
邦之贼也

695
00:22:18,700 --> 00:22:19,700
以不知知邦

696
00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:20,400
邦之德也

697
00:22:21,366 --> 00:22:23,466
用机巧智识来治理国家

698
00:22:23,500 --> 00:22:24,933
是国家的祸患

699
00:22:24,933 --> 00:22:27,200
用那种超越机巧的不知来治理

700
00:22:27,233 --> 00:22:28,233
才是国家的福德

701
00:22:29,300 --> 00:22:31,433
商鞅是那个以知知邦的极致实践者

702
00:22:32,233 --> 00:22:33,266
他的结局

703
00:22:33,300 --> 00:22:34,600
在这句话里已经写好了

704
00:22:35,533 --> 00:22:38,200
假设推演如果商鞅在那个关键节点

705
00:22:38,233 --> 00:22:39,666
换了一套操作系统

706
00:22:39,666 --> 00:22:40,633
结局会不会不同

707
00:22:41,366 --> 00:22:42,466
关键节点在哪里

708
00:22:43,233 --> 00:22:44,466
不是他变法的那一刻

709
00:22:45,233 --> 00:22:47,133
变法的方向是对的

710
00:22:47,133 --> 00:22:48,366
秦国确实需要改革

711
00:22:49,266 --> 00:22:50,233
关键节点

712
00:22:50,233 --> 00:22:51,866
是他处置太子之师那一天

713
00:22:52,300 --> 00:22:54,666
他选择了法必须无例外地执行

714
00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:56,666
哪怕对象是未来的国君

715
00:22:57,733 --> 00:22:59,066
从法律逻辑来说

716
00:22:59,066 --> 00:23:00,033
这个选择没有错

717
00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:02,633
但如果他在那个节点上

718
00:23:02,666 --> 00:23:05,566
摸到了帛书第63章的那句见素抱朴

719
00:23:05,566 --> 00:23:07,500
他可能会有另一个选项

720
00:23:07,500 --> 00:23:09,000
不是包庇太子

721
00:23:09,033 --> 00:23:10,633
而是找到一种方式

722
00:23:10,633 --> 00:23:12,766
让法律的精神得以维护

723
00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:15,366
同时不把未来的国君变成终身之敌

724
00:23:16,433 --> 00:23:17,466
这不是软弱

725
00:23:17,466 --> 00:23:19,400
这是帛书第26章

726
00:23:19,433 --> 00:23:22,000
传世第63章说的那个道理

727
00:23:22,033 --> 00:23:23,366
图难于其易

728
00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:24,500
为大于其细

729
00:23:24,966 --> 00:23:26,066
帛书版写作

730
00:23:26,133 --> 00:23:27,333
图难乎其易也

731
00:23:27,700 --> 00:23:28,933
为大乎其细也

732
00:23:29,333 --> 00:23:30,366
字形略有不同

733
00:23:30,566 --> 00:23:31,200
含义一致

734
00:23:32,233 --> 00:23:35,833
在事情还细微、还容易处理的时候就开始着手

735
00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:39,266
不要等到它变成一个非此即彼的硬碰硬局面

736
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,866
他用最刚猛的手段处置了公子虔

737
00:23:42,900 --> 00:23:44,700
植下了必死的种子

738
00:23:44,700 --> 00:23:46,300
然后用余生的二十年

739
00:23:46,633 --> 00:23:49,700
用更多的刚猛手段把这颗种子越浇越大

740
00:23:50,133 --> 00:23:51,733
帛书第80章

741
00:23:51,733 --> 00:23:53,666
传世第36章说

742
00:23:53,700 --> 00:23:54,766
将欲弱之

743
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:55,566
必固强之

744
00:23:56,100 --> 00:23:57,333
将欲夺之

745
00:23:57,333 --> 00:23:58,000
必固予之

746
00:23:58,900 --> 00:23:59,533
是谓微明

747
00:24:00,100 --> 00:24:01,800
这句话的意思不是教你阴谋

748
00:24:02,533 --> 00:24:03,166
是说

749
00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:05,633
真正的力量不在于把对手压死

750
00:24:05,866 --> 00:24:07,466
因为你压得越死

751
00:24:07,466 --> 00:24:08,466
反弹的力量越大

752
00:24:09,366 --> 00:24:10,433
柔弱胜强

753
00:24:10,433 --> 00:24:12,000
这是天道运行的节律

754
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:13,400
不是道德劝诫

755
00:24:14,300 --> 00:24:16,266
商鞅建立了一个极度刚硬的系统

756
00:24:17,033 --> 00:24:18,633
刚硬到极点的东西

757
00:24:18,666 --> 00:24:20,200
在天道的坐标系里

758
00:24:20,233 --> 00:24:22,766
会被反者道之动这条规律反噬

759
00:24:23,533 --> 00:24:24,766
帛书第4章

760
00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:26,200
传世第40章

761
00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:28,100
帛书版写作反也者

762
00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:29,266
道之动也

763
00:24:29,300 --> 00:24:30,133
反转

764
00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:31,233
是道的运动方式

765
00:24:32,133 --> 00:24:34,866
即使他在那个节点上做出了不同的选择

766
00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:36,733
他能改变秦国的历史走向吗

767
00:24:37,300 --> 00:24:37,500
未必

768
00:24:38,366 --> 00:24:39,433
商鞅死后

769
00:24:39,433 --> 00:24:42,266
他的法在秦国继续运行了一百多年

770
00:24:42,300 --> 00:24:43,233
直到秦灭六国

771
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:45,300
从这个角度说

772
00:24:45,333 --> 00:24:46,666
他的系统赢了

773
00:24:46,666 --> 00:24:47,300
他的人输了

774
00:24:47,933 --> 00:24:52,033
天道不以系统设计者的个人命运为尺度来评判成败

775
00:24:52,066 --> 00:24:53,766
历史大势有其自身的节律

776
00:24:54,500 --> 00:24:56,633
但他至少可以死得不那么惨烈

777
00:24:56,666 --> 00:24:57,700
不那么秦人不怜

778
00:24:58,433 --> 00:25:01,366
他以为他打造了一个尊重规律的系统

779
00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:04,000
实际上他打造了一个被规律遗弃的人的遗体

780
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:05,366
收尾

781
00:25:05,666 --> 00:25:07,800
留一道缝史记里记录了这样一个细节

782
00:25:08,500 --> 00:25:09,666
商鞅死之前

783
00:25:09,933 --> 00:25:11,366
曾经在边境旅馆投宿

784
00:25:12,233 --> 00:25:13,666
旅馆的主人不认识他是谁

785
00:25:14,033 --> 00:25:14,700
告诉他

786
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:16,800
依照商君的法令

787
00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:18,733
接纳没有证件的旅客

788
00:25:18,766 --> 00:25:20,433
旅馆主人要连坐受刑

789
00:25:21,233 --> 00:25:21,966
所以

790
00:25:21,966 --> 00:25:22,366
请离开

791
00:25:23,333 --> 00:25:24,700
他被自己的法令拒之门外

792
00:25:25,533 --> 00:25:26,200
他只能离开

793
00:25:27,133 --> 00:25:28,800
后来人们讲起这个故事

794
00:25:28,833 --> 00:25:31,133
通常用来说作法自毙

795
00:25:31,133 --> 00:25:32,266
是一个讽刺他的段子

796
00:25:33,233 --> 00:25:34,900
但我想在这里停一下

797
00:25:34,933 --> 00:25:35,500
多想一层

798
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:37,533
那个旅馆主人

799
00:25:37,533 --> 00:25:39,233
他说出那句话的时候

800
00:25:39,266 --> 00:25:40,033
心里在想什么

801
00:25:40,833 --> 00:25:43,066
他未必知道眼前这个人就是商鞅

802
00:25:44,066 --> 00:25:47,800
他只是在执行那条他早已熟记于心的法令

803
00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:50,366
用法令的逻辑来处理眼前这个具体的人

804
00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:53,433
这恰恰是商鞅最大的成就

805
00:25:53,433 --> 00:25:55,366
也是他最深的悲剧

806
00:25:55,433 --> 00:25:57,833
他成功地让一个普通旅馆主人

807
00:25:57,833 --> 00:25:59,633
用法令来代替人心做判断

808
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:03,000
帛书第63章的处方是

809
00:26:03,033 --> 00:26:04,266
见素抱朴

810
00:26:04,266 --> 00:26:04,966
少私寡欲

811
00:26:05,866 --> 00:26:06,600
见素

812
00:26:06,633 --> 00:26:07,633
看见本来的样子

813
00:26:08,666 --> 00:26:09,933
那个旅馆主人

814
00:26:09,966 --> 00:26:11,366
如果放下法令

815
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,533
看这个站在夜色里的陌生人

816
00:26:13,533 --> 00:26:14,533
看的是什么

817
00:26:14,533 --> 00:26:17,933
一个疲惫的、惊惶的、需要一张床过夜的人

818
00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:20,100
但那个能力

819
00:26:20,133 --> 00:26:21,666
商鞅花了二十年

820
00:26:21,666 --> 00:26:24,266
一点一点从秦国人的习惯里剪掉了

821
00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:29,100
当一个社会把法令怎么说放在人是什么的前面

822
00:26:29,100 --> 00:26:31,800
当一套系统比它里面的人更真实

823
00:26:31,833 --> 00:26:35,400
这个社会就已经活在帛书第62章的判词里了

824
00:26:35,733 --> 00:26:36,600
大道废了

825
00:26:36,633 --> 00:26:38,466
不是从别的什么地方废的

826
00:26:38,466 --> 00:26:39,233
就从这里废的

827
00:26:40,300 --> 00:26:41,633
你现在活在哪套系统里

828
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:44,266
这套系统在什么时候

829
00:26:44,300 --> 00:26:45,833
把规则放在了人的前面

830
00:26:46,666 --> 00:26:47,533
那个时候

831
00:26:47,566 --> 00:26:48,366
你有没有注意到

832
00:26:49,500 --> 00:26:51,166
这期内容你们怎么看

833
00:26:51,166 --> 00:26:52,800
商鞅是千古功臣

834
00:26:52,833 --> 00:26:55,166
还是作法自毙的咎由自取

835
00:26:55,166 --> 00:26:55,966
还是说

836
00:26:55,966 --> 00:26:59,066
这两种判断本来就不在同一个坐标系里

837
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,600
放在一起比较是个假问题

838
00:27:01,633 --> 00:27:03,100
欢迎在评论区聊

839
00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:04,800
也告诉我你们下期想听谁

840
00:27:05,633 --> 00:27:06,700
我是王利杰

841
00:27:06,733 --> 00:27:07,300
我们下期见