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华严经十玄门

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法藏用金狮子讲给武则天

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一千三百年前的洛阳宫殿里

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角落摆着一头金狮子

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一个叫法藏的和尚指着它

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给武则天讲了十道门

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这十道门

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叫十玄门

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在整个佛学里

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它常被说成最绕 最烧脑的一段

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可它一开始

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只是一个和尚指着一头狮子

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讲给一个听不懂经的皇帝听的

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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上一期我们拆了华严经的心脏

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法界缘起

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那一期讲的是结论

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万物运行的是同一套规则

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所以一即一切

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事事无碍

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这一期我们拆它的另一半

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事事无碍

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说起来漂亮

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可你要怎么才能亲眼看见它

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法藏给的答案

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就是十玄门

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说实话

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这一段我绕了很久

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第一次读的时候

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十个名字

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每个名字都是七个字

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一个比一个拗口

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什么同时具足相应门

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什么十世隔法异成门

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我读完一遍

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合上书

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一个也没记住

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第二遍也没记住

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后来我换了一个办法

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我不背名字了

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我去看法藏当年是怎么讲的

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那一天

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武则天请法藏进宫讲华严经

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法藏讲了一阵

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武则天听不懂

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这很正常

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华严经本来就是佛教里最大部头 最难读的经之一

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法藏没有继续讲经文

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他环顾四周

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看到殿角那头金狮子

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就走过去

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指着它说

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陛下

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我们不讲经了

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我们看这头狮子

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后来他把当天讲的话写下来

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就是那篇著名的华严金师子章

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金师子章一共十段

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讲十玄门的是第七段

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这里先交代一句来历

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免得你去翻书的时候糊涂

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十玄门不是法藏一个人发明的

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最早是他的老师智俨写的

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据说智俨又是从杜顺那里听来的

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法藏给六十卷本的华严经写注解的时候

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把其中两门换掉了

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换成了他自己觉得更准的说法

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所以你在不同的书里

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会看到两套名单

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一套叫古十玄

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一套叫新十玄

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今天我讲的是法藏改过的这一套

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名字不同

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要看的东西是同一个

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法藏的比喻其实只有两个东西

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金子和狮子

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你看这头狮子

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它是金子做的

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可金子本身没有形状

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金子想要被你看见

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就得变成一个什么东西

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比如一头狮子

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反过来

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狮子这个形状

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离开了金子也不存在

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你找不到一头不是任何材料做成的狮子

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金子是那个看不见的底子

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狮子是那个看得见的样子

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这两个

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从来没有分开过

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好

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就用这头狮子

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我们一门一门走

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我不按书上的顺序讲名字

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我按它们拆掉的东西来讲

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因为我后来发现

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十玄门每一门

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其实都在拆你脑子里一条你自己都不知道的假设

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第一条假设

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事情是一件一件来的

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你看这头狮子的时候

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是先看到金子

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再看到狮子吗

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不是

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是一眼

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两个一起到

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你看一张熟人的脸也是这样

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你不是先看到眼睛

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再看到鼻子

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再把它们拼成一张脸

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是一下子

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整张脸就在那儿了

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法藏说

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法界里的一切

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都是这样同时到场的

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没有谁先谁后

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这一门叫同时具足相应门

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你不用记名字

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记住那一眼就够了

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第二条假设

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小的东西装得少

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狮子的一根毛

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很细

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很小

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可这一根毛

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从头到尾全是金子

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它一点都不比整头狮子少

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你可能也有过这种时候

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手机屏幕上看地球

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那么小一个球

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可你放大

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海岸线 山脉 城市全在里面

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一点都没少

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小

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没有让它变少

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这一门叫广狭自在无碍门

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第三条假设

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一个就是一个

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很多就是很多

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一头狮子

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有眼睛 耳朵 爪子 尾巴

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很多个部位

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可它们都是同一块金子

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一块金子里有这么多部位

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这么多部位里都是这一块金子

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一和多互相装着对方

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可眼睛还是眼睛

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尾巴还是尾巴

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没有混成一团

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这就像一家人

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你是这个家里的一个人

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可整个家都在你身上

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你说话的口音 你的脾气 你吃饭的口味

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都是这个家给的

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可你还是你

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家还是家

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这一门叫一多相容不同门

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第四条假设

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这个不是那个

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这一门比上一门再进一步

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狮子的眼睛是金子

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耳朵也是金子

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眼睛和耳朵

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看起来是两个东西

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可它们的底子是同一块金

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你要说眼睛就是耳朵

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日常语言里当然不对

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可你要说它们各自有个独立的自己

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也不对

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它们都没有自己的底子

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都是借金子才成的形

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法藏管这叫相即

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即

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就是就是

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这一门叫诸法相即自在门

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我想起水和波浪

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这一朵浪和那一朵浪

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形状不同

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可你没法说它们是两份水

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再往身上放一放

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你是你父母的孩子

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同时也可能是你孩子的父母

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儿子和父亲

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是两个身份

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两种做法

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两种口气

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可你没有两个人

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你回老家的时候是儿子

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回到自己家就是父亲

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中间没有换过一个人

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这两个身份

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都是借你这个人才成的形

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它们谁也不是独立的

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第五条假设

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我没看见的东西就不在

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你盯着狮子看的时候

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金子就退到后面去了

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你满眼都是狮子的样子

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忘了它是金的

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你盯着金子看的时候

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狮子的样子又淡了

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你看到的只是一块很贵的材料

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可无论你看哪一个

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另一个都完完整整在那里

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一点没少

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它只是藏起来了

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你有没有试过隔着玻璃窗看外面的树

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你看树的时候

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看不见玻璃

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你看玻璃的时候

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树就模糊了

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玻璃和树

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一直都在

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这一门叫隐密显了俱成门

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第六条假设

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小的装不下大的

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这一门和第二门有点像

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但角度不同

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第二门说的是一根毛不比整头狮子少

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这一门说的是

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一根毛里面

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可以有一整头狮子

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因为那根毛是金的

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金能成狮子

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所以一根毛里就有一头完整狮子的可能

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而且这头狮子在毛里

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一点也不挤

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也不乱

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就像一滴海水

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跟整个大海一样咸

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大海的味道

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全在这一滴里

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可这一滴还是一滴

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这一门叫微细相容安立门

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第七条假设

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东西和东西之间的关系

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是一根线

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你以为万物相连

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是你跟世界之间牵着一根线

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华严经说不是

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它用的图像是一张网

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网上每个结都是一颗珠子

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每颗珠子里映着所有珠子

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因陀罗网我们之前专门讲过

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今天就一句话带过

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关系不是线

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是珠子里的珠子里的珠子

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这一门叫因陀罗网法界门

251
00:08:02,057 --> 00:08:02,942
第八条假设

252
00:08:03,457 --> 00:08:05,242
真理在别的地方

253
00:08:05,298 --> 00:08:07,363
不在眼前这个东西上

254
00:08:07,898 --> 00:08:10,882
法藏那天为什么不接着讲经文

255
00:08:10,898 --> 00:08:12,382
而是指着一头狮子

256
00:08:12,898 --> 00:08:15,442
因为他要证明的正是这一点

257
00:08:15,898 --> 00:08:17,182
任何一个具体的东西

258
00:08:17,538 --> 00:08:18,642
一头狮子

259
00:08:18,658 --> 00:08:19,382
一个茶杯

260
00:08:19,738 --> 00:08:20,843
一片树叶

261
00:08:20,978 --> 00:08:24,002
都可以把整个法界的道理显出来

262
00:08:24,338 --> 00:08:26,483
你不需要去很远的地方找

263
00:08:26,817 --> 00:08:28,023
你面前这个茶杯

264
00:08:28,338 --> 00:08:29,242
就够了

265
00:08:29,497 --> 00:08:32,723
这一门叫托事显法生解门

266
00:08:33,098 --> 00:08:33,582
托事

267
00:08:33,898 --> 00:08:35,483
就是借一件事

268
00:08:35,697 --> 00:08:36,663
第九条假设

269
00:08:37,177 --> 00:08:38,843
时间是一根线

270
00:08:39,506 --> 00:08:41,851
这一门是十门里最烧脑的

271
00:08:42,147 --> 00:08:44,091
我先把它的算法说一遍

272
00:08:44,427 --> 00:08:46,392
过去 现在 未来

273
00:08:46,787 --> 00:08:47,772
三个时段

274
00:08:48,106 --> 00:08:51,652
可过去也有它的过去 现在 未来

275
00:08:51,746 --> 00:08:52,772
未来也有

276
00:08:53,147 --> 00:08:54,292
三三得九

277
00:08:54,506 --> 00:08:57,571
再加上把这九个时段一起装着的那一念

278
00:08:57,746 --> 00:08:58,812
一共十个

279
00:08:59,147 --> 00:09:00,571
所以叫十世

280
00:09:00,986 --> 00:09:02,731
听起来像文字游戏

281
00:09:02,826 --> 00:09:04,571
我一开始也这么觉得

282
00:09:04,706 --> 00:09:05,851
后来我发现

283
00:09:05,866 --> 00:09:08,225
神经科学家在人脑里看到的

284
00:09:08,226 --> 00:09:09,371
正是这件事

285
00:09:10,414 --> 00:09:12,279
你的记忆不是录像带

286
00:09:12,453 --> 00:09:14,559
神经科学家很早就发现

287
00:09:14,694 --> 00:09:17,679
回忆不是把过去的片子拿出来重放

288
00:09:17,774 --> 00:09:20,439
而是在此刻重新拼装一遍

289
00:09:20,573 --> 00:09:21,498
每一次回忆

290
00:09:21,733 --> 00:09:23,799
都是当下的一次建造

291
00:09:24,253 --> 00:09:25,478
未来也一样

292
00:09:25,534 --> 00:09:27,652
你想象明天开会的画面

293
00:09:27,654 --> 00:09:30,039
那个画面是现在做出来的

294
00:09:30,133 --> 00:09:31,698
所以过去和未来

295
00:09:31,973 --> 00:09:33,198
并不在别处

296
00:09:33,253 --> 00:09:35,179
它们都在此刻这一念里

297
00:09:35,453 --> 00:09:36,859
被现造出来

298
00:09:37,193 --> 00:09:38,459
你可以试一下

299
00:09:38,834 --> 00:09:41,018
现在想一件十年前的事

300
00:09:41,433 --> 00:09:42,119
你会发现

301
00:09:42,433 --> 00:09:43,979
那个十年前的你

302
00:09:43,994 --> 00:09:45,278
也在想更早的事

303
00:09:45,673 --> 00:09:47,499
也在担心更晚的事

304
00:09:47,793 --> 00:09:50,258
那时候的过去现在未来

305
00:09:50,354 --> 00:09:52,699
全被你此刻这一念装着

306
00:09:53,153 --> 00:09:53,678
十世

307
00:09:54,074 --> 00:09:55,499
就在这一念里

308
00:09:55,874 --> 00:09:59,012
这一门叫十世隔法异成门

309
00:09:59,547 --> 00:10:01,973
这一门有一个很实际的用处

310
00:10:02,108 --> 00:10:03,353
很多观众留言说

311
00:10:03,748 --> 00:10:05,412
别人伤过自己一次

312
00:10:05,468 --> 00:10:07,473
可脑子里一遍一遍地重播

313
00:10:07,787 --> 00:10:08,772
停不下来

314
00:10:08,988 --> 00:10:10,613
如果记忆是录像带

315
00:10:10,708 --> 00:10:12,573
那你确实拿它没办法

316
00:10:12,868 --> 00:10:13,752
片子在那里

317
00:10:14,027 --> 00:10:16,012
放多少遍都是同一部

318
00:10:16,147 --> 00:10:17,932
可记忆不是录像带

319
00:10:18,147 --> 00:10:19,373
每一次重播

320
00:10:19,427 --> 00:10:22,012
都是你此刻重新做了一遍

321
00:10:22,307 --> 00:10:24,132
做的人是现在的你

322
00:10:24,187 --> 00:10:26,573
材料也是现在的你手里的

323
00:10:26,748 --> 00:10:28,107
既然是现做的

324
00:10:28,108 --> 00:10:30,052
那就有机会做得不一样

325
00:10:30,307 --> 00:10:32,693
这不是让你否认发生过什么

326
00:10:32,828 --> 00:10:33,713
是让你看见

327
00:10:33,988 --> 00:10:35,932
那个反复刺你的画面

328
00:10:35,988 --> 00:10:37,713
是此刻这一念在造

329
00:10:38,068 --> 00:10:40,171
不是过去在放

330
00:10:40,466 --> 00:10:41,510
第十条假设

331
00:10:41,985 --> 00:10:43,091
我是中心

332
00:10:43,466 --> 00:10:45,370
这一门我放在最后讲

333
00:10:45,466 --> 00:10:48,130
因为它是我觉得最要命的一条

334
00:10:48,546 --> 00:10:50,331
你盯着狮子的眼睛看

335
00:10:50,546 --> 00:10:52,171
眼睛就成了主角

336
00:10:52,426 --> 00:10:55,610
耳朵 爪子 尾巴都变成配角

337
00:10:55,865 --> 00:10:57,030
你转头看尾巴

338
00:10:57,345 --> 00:10:58,730
尾巴就成了主角

339
00:10:58,826 --> 00:11:00,451
眼睛退成配角

340
00:11:00,745 --> 00:11:01,591
谁当主角

341
00:11:01,905 --> 00:11:03,770
是随你看哪里定的

342
00:11:04,025 --> 00:11:06,571
没有一个部位天生就是中心

343
00:11:07,025 --> 00:11:07,951
可每一个部位

344
00:11:08,306 --> 00:11:09,752
都可以当中心

345
00:11:09,926 --> 00:11:12,472
你可能在饭桌上体验过这件事

346
00:11:12,966 --> 00:11:13,652
谁在说话

347
00:11:14,046 --> 00:11:15,711
谁就是那一刻的中心

348
00:11:15,847 --> 00:11:17,311
其他人都在听

349
00:11:17,767 --> 00:11:18,451
话题一转

350
00:11:18,727 --> 00:11:20,152
中心就换人了

351
00:11:20,446 --> 00:11:21,132
一桌子人

352
00:11:21,446 --> 00:11:22,872
没有固定的主角

353
00:11:23,007 --> 00:11:25,112
可每个人都当过主角

354
00:11:25,446 --> 00:11:28,992
法藏管这个叫主伴圆明具德门

355
00:11:29,406 --> 00:11:29,612
主

356
00:11:30,007 --> 00:11:30,911
是主角

357
00:11:31,406 --> 00:11:31,612
伴

358
00:11:32,046 --> 00:11:32,951
是配角

359
00:11:33,367 --> 00:11:33,811
圆明

360
00:11:34,206 --> 00:11:36,245
是转起来毫无障碍

361
00:11:37,059 --> 00:11:38,885
有观众在留言里问过

362
00:11:38,939 --> 00:11:40,899
我这一颗小小的珠子

363
00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:42,784
真的能影响整张网吗

364
00:11:43,459 --> 00:11:45,284
我想这一门就是回答

365
00:11:45,740 --> 00:11:48,605
你不是网上一颗固定的边缘珠子

366
00:11:48,860 --> 00:11:49,784
你看向哪里

367
00:11:50,059 --> 00:11:51,525
哪里就是中心

368
00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:53,885
你自己就是中心的时候

369
00:11:53,980 --> 00:11:55,964
整张网都是你的配角

370
00:11:56,299 --> 00:11:57,964
你退成配角的时候

371
00:11:58,140 --> 00:12:00,444
整张网也都在托着你

372
00:12:01,507 --> 00:12:03,052
十门走完了

373
00:12:03,427 --> 00:12:05,811
我不知道你有没有注意到一件事

374
00:12:06,267 --> 00:12:06,871
这十门

375
00:12:07,307 --> 00:12:09,892
法藏没有叫它们十条真理

376
00:12:10,147 --> 00:12:11,971
也没有叫十个道理

377
00:12:12,346 --> 00:12:13,292
他叫门

378
00:12:13,946 --> 00:12:15,231
门是用来走的

379
00:12:15,787 --> 00:12:17,091
不是用来背的

380
00:12:17,307 --> 00:12:18,811
我后来才明白

381
00:12:19,106 --> 00:12:21,731
十玄门根本不是一套理论

382
00:12:22,027 --> 00:12:23,652
它是十个练习

383
00:12:24,018 --> 00:12:24,818
每一门

384
00:12:24,826 --> 00:12:27,731
都在拆你脑子里一条默认设置

385
00:12:28,186 --> 00:12:29,951
事情是一件一件来的

386
00:12:30,466 --> 00:12:31,851
小的装得少

387
00:12:31,946 --> 00:12:33,231
这个不是那个

388
00:12:33,427 --> 00:12:34,932
看不见的就不在

389
00:12:35,106 --> 00:12:36,272
时间是一根线

390
00:12:36,627 --> 00:12:37,811
我是中心

391
00:12:38,186 --> 00:12:40,532
这些设置从来没人教过你

392
00:12:40,547 --> 00:12:42,091
可你每天都在用

393
00:12:42,307 --> 00:12:43,871
它们是那个第七识

394
00:12:44,226 --> 00:12:45,172
末那识

395
00:12:45,267 --> 00:12:46,892
替你悄悄写好的

396
00:12:47,586 --> 00:12:48,471
它写得太早

397
00:12:48,746 --> 00:12:49,491
太深

398
00:12:49,667 --> 00:12:52,776
你已经把它当成了世界本来的样子

399
00:12:53,111 --> 00:12:54,736
我说一下这个第七识

400
00:12:55,192 --> 00:12:56,976
你可能也有过这种时候

401
00:12:57,391 --> 00:12:58,116
开会的时候

402
00:12:58,672 --> 00:12:59,976
别人说了一句话

403
00:13:00,111 --> 00:13:01,337
跟你没关系

404
00:13:01,391 --> 00:13:02,677
可你心里咯噔一下

405
00:13:03,072 --> 00:13:04,457
觉得是在说你

406
00:13:04,912 --> 00:13:05,917
谁让你这么想的

407
00:13:06,423 --> 00:13:07,223
没有人

408
00:13:07,591 --> 00:13:09,297
是你脑子里有一个部门

409
00:13:09,351 --> 00:13:11,896
专门把所有事情都往我身上归

410
00:13:12,271 --> 00:13:13,197
它不吵不闹

411
00:13:13,552 --> 00:13:15,057
二十四小时上班

412
00:13:15,511 --> 00:13:17,550
佛学给这个部门起的名字

413
00:13:17,552 --> 00:13:18,817
就是末那识

414
00:13:19,312 --> 00:13:20,476
它把我放在中心

415
00:13:20,912 --> 00:13:22,577
把事情排成先后

416
00:13:22,631 --> 00:13:24,376
把时间拉成一根线

417
00:13:24,751 --> 00:13:26,616
这些都不是世界的样子

418
00:13:26,631 --> 00:13:28,256
是它的整理习惯

419
00:13:29,263 --> 00:13:30,268
十玄门做的事

420
00:13:30,502 --> 00:13:32,182
是在同一头狮子上

421
00:13:32,183 --> 00:13:33,967
让你换十次眼睛

422
00:13:34,222 --> 00:13:35,067
换完十次

423
00:13:35,423 --> 00:13:37,127
狮子还是那头狮子

424
00:13:37,222 --> 00:13:38,067
可你会发现

425
00:13:38,303 --> 00:13:40,021
你原来以为的那个世界

426
00:13:40,023 --> 00:13:42,327
有一半是你自己加上去的

427
00:13:42,663 --> 00:13:44,501
所以我现在读十玄门

428
00:13:44,502 --> 00:13:46,168
不再当作理论读了

429
00:13:46,462 --> 00:13:48,327
我把它当作一份练习单

430
00:13:48,663 --> 00:13:49,587
一天挑一门

431
00:13:49,982 --> 00:13:51,727
放在一件具体的事上

432
00:13:51,903 --> 00:13:53,067
今天挑第二门

433
00:13:53,263 --> 00:13:54,688
就看一件小事

434
00:13:54,742 --> 00:13:56,247
看它是不是真的少

435
00:13:56,502 --> 00:13:58,048
明天挑第十门

436
00:13:58,063 --> 00:14:01,008
就在饭桌上看中心是怎么换的

437
00:14:01,263 --> 00:14:02,727
不用十门一起上

438
00:14:03,023 --> 00:14:04,247
一门看进去

439
00:14:04,263 --> 00:14:06,408
其他九门自己会跟着松动

440
00:14:06,582 --> 00:14:07,627
因为它们拆的

441
00:14:07,822 --> 00:14:09,783
本来就是同一套设置

442
00:14:10,079 --> 00:14:12,584
我在打坐的时候试过这么一件事

443
00:14:12,998 --> 00:14:14,663
你可能也可以试试

444
00:14:14,918 --> 00:14:15,564
坐着的时候

445
00:14:16,079 --> 00:14:17,543
随便挑一个声音

446
00:14:17,719 --> 00:14:19,743
比如窗外一辆车开过

447
00:14:20,079 --> 00:14:21,584
你就盯着这个声音

448
00:14:21,878 --> 00:14:22,564
你会发现

449
00:14:22,918 --> 00:14:23,984
整个房间

450
00:14:24,239 --> 00:14:25,043
整个下午

451
00:14:25,278 --> 00:14:26,663
都在这个声音里

452
00:14:27,038 --> 00:14:28,543
然后你放开它

453
00:14:28,758 --> 00:14:31,423
注意力自己就飘到了别的地方

454
00:14:31,518 --> 00:14:32,543
比如呼吸

455
00:14:32,998 --> 00:14:35,104
这时候呼吸成了中心

456
00:14:35,278 --> 00:14:37,224
那辆车退成了背景

457
00:14:37,518 --> 00:14:38,743
你什么都没做

458
00:14:39,079 --> 00:14:41,104
只是中心换了一次

459
00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:43,915
可就在中心换过去的那一下

460
00:14:43,971 --> 00:14:45,755
有一个很短的空隙

461
00:14:46,130 --> 00:14:47,915
那个空隙里没有中心

462
00:14:48,410 --> 00:14:48,895
那一下

463
00:14:49,130 --> 00:14:51,476
我觉得离法藏说的东西最近

464
00:14:51,810 --> 00:14:53,395
有一点我得老实说

465
00:14:53,810 --> 00:14:54,809
这十门里

466
00:14:54,810 --> 00:14:57,996
有两三门我到今天也只是读懂了字

467
00:14:58,451 --> 00:14:59,376
比如第四门

468
00:14:59,851 --> 00:15:00,376
相即

469
00:15:00,851 --> 00:15:02,236
眼睛就是耳朵

470
00:15:02,650 --> 00:15:04,275
我能在纸上推出来

471
00:15:04,331 --> 00:15:06,836
可在身体里还没有真的看见过

472
00:15:07,170 --> 00:15:09,076
我不打算装成看见了

473
00:15:09,331 --> 00:15:11,003
这就是我目前的位置

474
00:15:11,459 --> 00:15:13,283
法藏讲完那头狮子

475
00:15:13,419 --> 00:15:15,804
武则天据说当场就明白了

476
00:15:16,179 --> 00:15:18,363
我不知道她明白到了哪一层

477
00:15:18,819 --> 00:15:21,257
但我知道她面前那头狮子

478
00:15:21,258 --> 00:15:23,003
和我们面前的茶杯

479
00:15:23,059 --> 00:15:25,002
是同一头狮子

480
00:15:25,418 --> 00:15:27,283
最后留一个问题给你

481
00:15:27,497 --> 00:15:29,362
如果没有一个固定的中心

482
00:15:29,497 --> 00:15:30,803
那这十道门

483
00:15:30,818 --> 00:15:32,183
到底是谁在走

484
00:15:32,658 --> 00:15:33,943
你在自己的生活里

485
00:15:34,137 --> 00:15:35,303
能看见哪一门

486
00:15:35,857 --> 00:15:38,502
哪一门你觉得纯粹是文字游戏

487
00:15:39,097 --> 00:15:40,929
留言告诉我

488
00:15:41,329 --> 00:15:41,966
我是王利杰

489
00:15:42,173 --> 00:15:43,146
我们下期见