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维摩诘经

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小屋怎么装下三万二千把椅子

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有一间屋子

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大概十平米

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比你家卧室还小一点

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但这间屋子里

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放进了三万二千把椅子

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每把椅子高几十万公里

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房间没变大

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椅子没变小

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三万二千把

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一把不少

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全塞进去了

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外面的城市也没因此变得拥挤

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一切照旧

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这不是童话故事

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这是维摩诘经里白纸黑字写的一幕

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而且你仔细想想

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今天的物理学家说的话

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跟两千多年前这段经文描述的

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惊人地相似

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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上期我们聊了维摩诘经里那场最著名的沉默

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文殊菩萨问什么是不二法门

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维摩诘一个字没说

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今天我们来看维摩诘经里更离谱的一幕

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一个小房间

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装下了整个宇宙级别的东西

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经文管这个叫不可思议解脱

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我先把经文里发生了什么讲清楚

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维摩诘是个在家居士

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他住在毗耶离城

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家里有一间方丈室

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方丈这个词的原意不是住持

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一丈见方才叫方丈

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一丈大概三米三

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所以方丈室就是一间三米乘三米的小屋子

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十来个平方

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有一天

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文殊菩萨带着一大群菩萨和弟子去维摩诘家探病

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舍利弗走进方丈室一看

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心里犯嘀咕

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这间屋子连张凳子都没有

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这么多人坐哪儿

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维摩诘看穿了他的心思

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他问文殊菩萨

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你走过那么多佛国净土

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哪个世界的狮子座最好

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文殊说

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东方有个世界叫须弥相

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那里的佛号须弥灯王

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那个世界的狮子座最为殊胜

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每一把高八万四千由旬

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八万四千由旬是什么概念

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一由旬在不同传统里从七公里到十几公里不等

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就算取个中间值

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一把椅子也有几十万公里高

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地球到月球的距离大约三十八万公里

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也就是说

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一把椅子少说也有地球到月球那么远

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维摩诘听完

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用不可思议解脱的神通力

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从须弥灯王佛那里借来了三万二千把狮子座

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全部放进了方丈室

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经文里写得很清楚

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方丈室没有变大

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狮子座没有变小

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三万二千把

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每一把几十万公里高

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整整齐齐安放在十来个平方的小屋子里

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不仅如此

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毗耶离城没变挤

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整个阎浮提也没变挤

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一切如常

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但这里有个很有意思的细节

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三万二千把狮子座放进来之后

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那些大菩萨们毫不费力就坐上去了

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但是舍利弗这些声闻弟子坐不上去

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椅子太高

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他们够不着

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维摩诘对他们说

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你们去礼拜须弥灯王佛

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就能坐上去了

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他们照做了

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一礼拜

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身体忽然变得跟菩萨一样高大

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轻松坐了上去

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你注意到没有

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椅子从头到尾没变矮

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房间也没变大

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变的是什么

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是人

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是坐上去的那个人的状态变了

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这个细节非常关键

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它告诉你

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方丈室的不可思议

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不是空间变了魔术

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是心变了

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你的心量打开了

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你能容纳的世界就跟着打开了

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空间没动过

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动的是你看空间的方式

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读到这里你肯定会觉得

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这不就是神话嘛

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可是维摩诘紧接着说了一句话

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他说

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对于得到不可思议解脱的人来说

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可以把须弥山装进一粒芥子里

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芥子没变大

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须弥山没变小

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可以把大海的水倒进一个毛孔里

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大海不会少一滴

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他不是在炫技

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他是在说一件很根本的事情

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他在说

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空间不是你以为的那个东西

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大和小

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是你给它贴的标签

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在标签底下

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它们是同一回事

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这是整段经文真正的爆点

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不可思议解脱

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解脱的不是痛苦

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是你对空间和维度的一切固化认知

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我第一次读到这段的时候

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说实话觉得太夸张了

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芥子纳须弥

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这怎么想都不可能

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后来我读到一个理论

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叫全息原理

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上世纪九十年代

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荷兰物理学家特 胡夫特提出了一个想法

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后来被美国物理学家萨斯坎德进一步发展

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他们说

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一个三维空间里的全部信息

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可以完整地编码在它的二维边界上

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什么意思呢

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你想象一个房间

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房间里有桌子 有椅子 有书 有人

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所有这些三维的东西

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它们的全部信息

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可以完整地刻在房间的墙壁上

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不是简化

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不是压缩成摘要

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是一个比特都不少地全部编码在上面

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在黑洞物理学里

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这已经得到了相当扎实的理论支撑

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一个黑洞吞噬了巨量的物质和能量

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但是它的全部信息并不在黑洞内部

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而是在它的表面

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那个表面有个名字

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叫事件视界

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你可能会想

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这跟维摩诘的方丈室有什么关系

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关系太大了

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全息原理说的核心是什么

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一个小的边界

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可以包含一个大空间的全部信息

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边界没变大

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信息没丢失

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你再看看维摩诘说的

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芥子没变大

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须弥山没变小

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小的东西装下了大的全部

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结构上

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是一样的

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当然

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我不是说维摩诘懂全息原理

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我是说他们在各自的语言体系里

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指向了同一个现象

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空间的本质不是一个固定大小的盒子

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空间更像是一种信息的编码方式

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编码方式变了

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大和小的关系就不一样了

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还有一件事值得说一下

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量子物理学里有一个现象叫纠缠

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两个粒子一旦发生过纠缠

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不管你把它们分开多远

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一个发生变化

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另一个瞬间就跟着变

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没有任何信号在中间传递

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距离对这种关联好像完全不起作用

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有些物理学家因此提出一个猜想

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空间本身

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可能不是最基本的东西

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空间可能是从更深层的某种结构里涌现出来的

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就像温度不是基本粒子的属性

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是大量粒子集体运动的宏观效果

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空间也可能是这样

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如果空间真的是涌现出来的

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那方丈室的故事就不再荒唐了

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它只是在说

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在空间还没有涌现的那个层面上

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十平米和一百万公里没有任何区别

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因为在那个层面上

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空间这个概念本身还不存在

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还有一个角度可以帮你理解

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你在纸上画一个正方形

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这是一个二维图形

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现在我告诉你

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这个正方形其实是一个正方体投射到纸上的影子

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如果你是一个活在纸面上的二维生物

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你只看得到那个正方形

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你不知道它背后还有一个大得多的正方体

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对你来说

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正方形就是全部的真实

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但如果有人把你从纸面上提起来

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让你用三维的眼光再看一遍

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你就明白了

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正方形和正方体是同一个东西

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一个是全貌

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一个是投影

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00:07:58,449 --> 00:08:00,218
我们之前讲过一个类比

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开悟的瞬间

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就像高维空间坍塌成低维的真相

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你突然看到了

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00:08:06,689 --> 00:08:08,417
那些看似矛盾的东西

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在更高的维度上从来不矛盾

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方丈室就是这个类比最极端的图像

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大和小的矛盾

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只在三维空间里才成立

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换一个维度看

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矛盾就消失了

226
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不是大变成了小

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也不是小变成了大

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是大和小这对概念本身失效了

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这让我想到我们在这个系列里一直在用的一个框架

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唯识学说

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你看到的世界不是客观存在的世界

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是你的识变现出来的世界

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什么叫识变现

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就是你的意识给原始的经验流贴上了标签

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这个是大的

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那个是小的

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这个在里面

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那个在外面

239
00:08:51,916 --> 00:08:54,325
这些标签不是现实本身

240
00:08:54,436 --> 00:08:57,325
而是你的意识加上去的一层投射

241
00:08:57,715 --> 00:09:01,445
唯识学管这层投射叫遍计所执

242
00:09:01,980 --> 00:09:03,258
方丈室的故事

243
00:09:03,259 --> 00:09:07,668
就是在让你亲眼看到遍计所执是怎么运作的

244
00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:10,018
你说这间屋子只有十平米

245
00:09:10,019 --> 00:09:11,188
那是你的标签

246
00:09:11,700 --> 00:09:14,268
你说这把椅子有几十万公里高

247
00:09:14,340 --> 00:09:15,589
也是你的标签

248
00:09:15,980 --> 00:09:19,268
维摩诘把三万二千把椅子放进方丈室的时候

249
00:09:19,420 --> 00:09:21,508
他打破的不是物理定律

250
00:09:21,779 --> 00:09:24,229
他打破的是你的标签系统

251
00:09:24,739 --> 00:09:25,609
标签碎了

252
00:09:25,779 --> 00:09:27,989
你才看到标签底下的真实

253
00:09:28,379 --> 00:09:29,888
那个真实没有大小

254
00:09:30,340 --> 00:09:31,908
不受容器的限制

255
00:09:32,180 --> 00:09:34,788
唯识学管这个叫圆成实

256
00:09:35,180 --> 00:09:37,469
如实看到事物本来的面貌

257
00:09:37,539 --> 00:09:39,428
既不添加也不遮蔽

258
00:09:40,136 --> 00:09:42,425
说到这里我还想多讲一层

259
00:09:42,856 --> 00:09:44,785
你可能用过大语言模型

260
00:09:45,217 --> 00:09:46,785
几千亿字的文本

261
00:09:46,937 --> 00:09:49,385
人类几千年积累下来的知识

262
00:09:49,417 --> 00:09:51,226
被压缩成一组参数

263
00:09:51,577 --> 00:09:54,706
这组参数占的存储空间可能就几个G

264
00:09:55,136 --> 00:09:56,545
但你问它什么问题

265
00:09:56,776 --> 00:10:00,145
它都能从这几个G里还原出一个像样的答案

266
00:10:00,657 --> 00:10:01,525
几千亿字

267
00:10:01,896 --> 00:10:03,106
压进了几个G

268
00:10:03,537 --> 00:10:05,665
信息的本质关系没有丢

269
00:10:06,096 --> 00:10:07,625
丢掉的是冗余

270
00:10:07,976 --> 00:10:11,425
你把那些重复的 多余的部分去掉之后

271
00:10:11,657 --> 00:10:13,946
剩下的核心结构其实很小

272
00:10:14,337 --> 00:10:16,466
但它承载着全部的意义

273
00:10:16,856 --> 00:10:18,885
这跟芥子纳须弥是不是很像

274
00:10:19,537 --> 00:10:22,425
不是把须弥山物理上硬塞进去

275
00:10:23,256 --> 00:10:25,265
是须弥山的全部本质

276
00:10:25,417 --> 00:10:28,066
本来就可以用更小的结构来承载

277
00:10:28,297 --> 00:10:30,665
因为大和小是表象

278
00:10:30,896 --> 00:10:33,348
信息结构才是本质

279
00:10:33,537 --> 00:10:35,248
在维摩诘经的另一品

280
00:10:35,578 --> 00:10:36,868
香积佛品里

281
00:10:36,897 --> 00:10:39,108
还记载了一件不可思议的事

282
00:10:39,498 --> 00:10:43,468
维摩诘派了一个化身去遥远的香积佛国取饭

283
00:10:43,978 --> 00:10:46,468
那个世界的佛叫香积如来

284
00:10:46,698 --> 00:10:49,108
那里的饭带着特殊的香气

285
00:10:49,498 --> 00:10:51,228
化身取回了一钵饭

286
00:10:51,498 --> 00:10:53,306
在场的所有人都吃了

287
00:10:53,657 --> 00:10:55,186
每个人都吃饱了

288
00:10:55,578 --> 00:10:57,108
饭却没有减少

289
00:10:57,578 --> 00:10:58,208
一钵饭

290
00:10:58,657 --> 00:10:59,608
无穷人吃

291
00:11:00,417 --> 00:11:01,521
吃不完

292
00:11:02,073 --> 00:11:03,922
你可能又觉得这是夸张

293
00:11:04,313 --> 00:11:05,361
但你想一想

294
00:11:05,752 --> 00:11:08,322
一段好的代码被一百万人使用

295
00:11:08,472 --> 00:11:10,361
每个人都完整地用了它

296
00:11:10,472 --> 00:11:11,761
代码没有磨损

297
00:11:12,153 --> 00:11:15,682
一个好的公式被全世界的学生用了几百年

298
00:11:15,832 --> 00:11:17,641
公式本身没有变化

299
00:11:17,992 --> 00:11:20,722
信息不会因为被分享而损耗

300
00:11:20,992 --> 00:11:24,001
物质世界的稀缺法则不适用于信息

301
00:11:24,352 --> 00:11:26,111
维摩诘两千多年前

302
00:11:26,112 --> 00:11:28,442
就在方丈室里演示这件事

303
00:11:28,632 --> 00:11:30,401
他用一钵饭告诉你

304
00:11:30,513 --> 00:11:33,162
当你站在信息的层面去看世界

305
00:11:33,273 --> 00:11:35,001
稀缺是一个幻觉

306
00:11:35,393 --> 00:11:36,842
物质看起来有限

307
00:11:36,913 --> 00:11:39,281
那是你在用物质的尺子量它

308
00:11:39,673 --> 00:11:40,802
换一把尺子

309
00:11:40,832 --> 00:11:43,973
有限和无限的区分就不存在了

310
00:11:44,204 --> 00:11:44,953
你发现没有

311
00:11:45,484 --> 00:11:49,172
维摩诘从头到尾没有讲过一句关于空的理论

312
00:11:49,564 --> 00:11:51,152
他没说过诸法性空

313
00:11:51,643 --> 00:11:53,532
没说过因缘和合

314
00:11:54,003 --> 00:11:55,253
他什么都没讲

315
00:11:55,643 --> 00:11:57,253
他只是做了一件事

316
00:11:57,484 --> 00:11:59,133
然后让你自己去看

317
00:11:59,643 --> 00:12:02,613
这是维摩诘经最厉害的教学方法

318
00:12:02,964 --> 00:12:03,792
不跟你辩论

319
00:12:04,243 --> 00:12:05,532
不给你下定义

320
00:12:05,804 --> 00:12:07,373
直接示现给你看

321
00:12:07,883 --> 00:12:08,873
你如果看懂了

322
00:12:09,084 --> 00:12:10,692
道理自然就明白了

323
00:12:10,964 --> 00:12:12,333
你如果没看懂

324
00:12:12,564 --> 00:12:14,652
再多的理论也救不了你

325
00:12:15,163 --> 00:12:17,093
所有的解释都是手指

326
00:12:17,523 --> 00:12:19,052
手指指向月亮

327
00:12:19,444 --> 00:12:21,442
你得自己抬头去看

328
00:12:21,793 --> 00:12:23,081
我有时候会想

329
00:12:23,312 --> 00:12:26,162
我们在生活里其实也在做类似的事

330
00:12:26,672 --> 00:12:28,042
我们不停地测量

331
00:12:28,712 --> 00:12:29,701
这个房间多大

332
00:12:30,192 --> 00:12:31,361
那段路多远

333
00:12:31,592 --> 00:12:33,241
这件事花多长时间

334
00:12:33,753 --> 00:12:36,522
我们活在自己建造的测量系统里

335
00:12:36,633 --> 00:12:38,922
然后用测量的结果来定义

336
00:12:38,952 --> 00:12:41,562
什么是可能的 什么是不可能的

337
00:12:41,993 --> 00:12:43,392
维摩诘做的事情

338
00:12:43,393 --> 00:12:45,241
就是把测量系统关掉

339
00:12:45,712 --> 00:12:46,922
测量系统一关

340
00:12:47,113 --> 00:12:50,361
可能和不可能的边界也跟着消失了

341
00:12:50,793 --> 00:12:52,162
不是世界变了

342
00:12:52,472 --> 00:12:56,275
是你衡量世界的那根尺子放下了

343
00:12:56,585 --> 00:12:58,155
天女散花的故事

344
00:12:58,266 --> 00:13:00,435
我在修行故事系列里讲过

345
00:13:00,705 --> 00:13:03,114
那也是发生在方丈室里的一幕

346
00:13:03,465 --> 00:13:06,075
今天讲的是方丈室的另一面

347
00:13:06,465 --> 00:13:08,265
不是红尘修行的寓言

348
00:13:08,266 --> 00:13:10,670
而是空间本身的秘密

349
00:13:10,981 --> 00:13:12,829
你可能也有过这种时刻

350
00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:14,660
在特别安静的状态里

351
00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:16,510
或者在冥想的某个瞬间

352
00:13:16,621 --> 00:13:20,750
你忽然觉得你所在的空间不再是一个固定的盒子

353
00:13:20,861 --> 00:13:23,709
你说不上来它是变大了还是变小了

354
00:13:23,861 --> 00:13:27,829
你只觉得大和小这个区分本身好像不重要了

355
00:13:28,180 --> 00:13:29,829
那个瞬间很短暂

356
00:13:30,221 --> 00:13:31,829
可能几秒就过去了

357
00:13:32,060 --> 00:13:33,790
但它会留下一种感觉

358
00:13:34,141 --> 00:13:36,670
你平时认为理所当然的那些东西

359
00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:40,349
空间的大小 距离的远近 内外的边界

360
00:13:40,381 --> 00:13:42,189
可能不是现实的底层

361
00:13:42,580 --> 00:13:47,157
它们可能只是你的意识用来整理经验的一套工具

362
00:13:47,589 --> 00:13:49,777
维摩诘经讲的不可思议解脱

363
00:13:50,268 --> 00:13:51,068
说到底

364
00:13:51,069 --> 00:13:52,318
就是在告诉你

365
00:13:52,348 --> 00:13:54,157
当这套工具放下的时候

366
00:13:54,268 --> 00:13:55,678
你会看到什么

367
00:13:55,829 --> 00:13:58,348
你看到的不是一个更大的世界

368
00:13:58,348 --> 00:14:00,238
也不是一个更小的世界

369
00:14:00,429 --> 00:14:01,558
你看到的是

370
00:14:01,628 --> 00:14:05,358
大和小这个区分从来就是你加上去的

371
00:14:05,549 --> 00:14:07,558
没有这层叠加的现实

372
00:14:07,589 --> 00:14:09,882
才是真实的现实

373
00:14:10,313 --> 00:14:14,202
这也是维摩诘经在大乘经典里最独特的一个手法

374
00:14:14,553 --> 00:14:16,602
它不跟你从道理上讲空

375
00:14:16,792 --> 00:14:18,921
那些别的经典已经讲过了

376
00:14:19,233 --> 00:14:20,561
它直接给你演

377
00:14:20,992 --> 00:14:21,702
一间小屋

378
00:14:22,152 --> 00:14:23,641
三万二千把椅子

379
00:14:23,953 --> 00:14:24,742
一粒芥子

380
00:14:24,953 --> 00:14:26,161
一座须弥山

381
00:14:26,512 --> 00:14:28,441
它不解释为什么可能

382
00:14:28,752 --> 00:14:30,382
它说在真正的现实里

383
00:14:30,673 --> 00:14:32,041
这不需要解释

384
00:14:32,433 --> 00:14:35,002
是你的分别心制造了大和小

385
00:14:35,313 --> 00:14:37,761
是你的分别心觉得这不可能

386
00:14:38,152 --> 00:14:39,061
放下分别心

387
00:14:39,392 --> 00:14:41,242
不可思议就是日常

388
00:14:42,297 --> 00:14:46,466
全息原理说三维信息可以编码在二维边界上

389
00:14:46,697 --> 00:14:49,387
量子纠缠说距离不影响关联

390
00:14:49,618 --> 00:14:53,907
高维几何说三维空间的矛盾在更高维度上消失

391
00:14:54,297 --> 00:14:58,787
大语言模型说几千亿字可以压进几个G而不丢本质

392
00:14:59,098 --> 00:15:00,537
这些现代的学科

393
00:15:00,537 --> 00:15:03,267
从不同的入口走进了同一个房间

394
00:15:03,697 --> 00:15:06,186
而维摩诘早就在那个房间里了

395
00:15:06,457 --> 00:15:08,736
他坐在那间十平米的小屋里

396
00:15:08,738 --> 00:15:10,518
等了两千多年

397
00:15:11,030 --> 00:15:13,581
你觉得空间的本质到底是什么

398
00:15:14,087 --> 00:15:15,564
是物理上的一个容器

399
00:15:16,153 --> 00:15:18,249
还是意识的一种编码方式

400
00:15:18,964 --> 00:15:23,085
你在生活中有没有过那种大小感忽然消失的瞬间

401
00:15:23,716 --> 00:15:25,172
我很想听你的想法

402
00:15:25,203 --> 00:15:27,071
欢迎在评论区告诉我

403
00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:28,002
我是王利杰

404
00:15:28,261 --> 00:15:29,074
我们下期见