1
00:00:00,262 --> 00:00:01,657
过去和未来不存在

2
00:00:02,262 --> 00:00:04,277
敢说这话的是自己人

3
00:00:04,541 --> 00:00:05,416
上一集结尾

4
00:00:05,661 --> 00:00:06,980
我说有人站出来

5
00:00:06,982 --> 00:00:08,060
皱着眉头说

6
00:00:08,061 --> 00:00:09,297
你们拆得越精细

7
00:00:09,541 --> 00:00:11,076
可能离佛陀越远

8
00:00:11,262 --> 00:00:12,176
过去和未来

9
00:00:12,461 --> 00:00:13,996
根本不是实有的

10
00:00:14,141 --> 00:00:14,537
今天

11
00:00:14,821 --> 00:00:16,021
我们就来看看

12
00:00:16,021 --> 00:00:17,460
这个人到底是谁

13
00:00:17,461 --> 00:00:20,676
他凭什么敢拆自己人盖了几百年的大厦

14
00:00:21,358 --> 00:00:21,673
哈喽

15
00:00:21,958 --> 00:00:22,472
大家好

16
00:00:22,678 --> 00:00:23,653
我是王利杰

17
00:00:24,037 --> 00:00:26,972
先帮你快速回忆一下上集的核心矛盾

18
00:00:27,197 --> 00:00:28,957
说一切有部花了几百年

19
00:00:28,958 --> 00:00:32,412
把佛陀的教法拆成了七十五种最小元素

20
00:00:32,637 --> 00:00:35,052
画出了一张法的元素周期表

21
00:00:35,277 --> 00:00:37,676
然后他们得出一个惊人的结论

22
00:00:37,677 --> 00:00:39,252
叫三世实有

23
00:00:39,317 --> 00:00:40,612
法体恒存

24
00:00:40,997 --> 00:00:41,552
意思是

25
00:00:41,877 --> 00:00:44,173
过去 现在 未来的法

26
00:00:44,197 --> 00:00:46,052
全都是真实存在的

27
00:00:46,197 --> 00:00:47,773
过去的法没有消失

28
00:00:47,838 --> 00:00:49,917
未来的法也已经在那里了

29
00:00:49,917 --> 00:00:51,732
只是还没轮到它登台

30
00:00:52,877 --> 00:00:54,593
为什么他们非要坚持这一点

31
00:00:55,117 --> 00:00:56,553
因为如果过去不存在

32
00:00:56,917 --> 00:00:58,172
因果就断了

33
00:00:58,358 --> 00:00:59,693
你昨天种的因

34
00:00:59,757 --> 00:01:01,932
如果昨天已经彻底消失了

35
00:01:01,998 --> 00:01:04,273
那今天的果是从哪里冒出来的

36
00:01:04,718 --> 00:01:05,473
从虚无中

37
00:01:06,117 --> 00:01:07,273
那就不是缘起了

38
00:01:07,518 --> 00:01:08,852
那是无中生有

39
00:01:09,158 --> 00:01:09,913
所以他们说

40
00:01:10,277 --> 00:01:12,132
过去的法必须还在

41
00:01:12,238 --> 00:01:14,173
只是换了一种存在方式

42
00:01:15,238 --> 00:01:17,173
这个逻辑听起来很严密

43
00:01:17,518 --> 00:01:18,192
但问题是

44
00:01:18,557 --> 00:01:20,593
佛陀最核心的教法叫什么

45
00:01:21,197 --> 00:01:22,132
叫无常

46
00:01:22,598 --> 00:01:23,852
一切都在变

47
00:01:24,078 --> 00:01:26,173
没有什么东西是恒常不变的

48
00:01:26,477 --> 00:01:27,432
你现在告诉我

49
00:01:27,718 --> 00:01:29,012
法体恒存

50
00:01:29,277 --> 00:01:30,912
法的本体是永恒的

51
00:01:31,718 --> 00:01:32,393
这跟无常

52
00:01:32,798 --> 00:01:34,033
到底还兼不兼容

53
00:01:35,037 --> 00:01:38,453
这就是说一切有部内部最大的裂缝

54
00:01:39,041 --> 00:01:40,440
裂缝一旦出现

55
00:01:40,442 --> 00:01:42,576
就会有人试图去修补它

56
00:01:42,841 --> 00:01:46,377
说一切有部历史上出过四位重量级的论师

57
00:01:46,442 --> 00:01:48,440
每个人都提出了自己的方案

58
00:01:48,442 --> 00:01:50,257
试图解释同一个问题

59
00:01:50,601 --> 00:01:52,936
过去 现在 未来的法

60
00:01:52,961 --> 00:01:54,281
如果本体不变

61
00:01:54,282 --> 00:01:55,757
那到底是什么在变

62
00:01:56,282 --> 00:01:57,776
第一位叫法救

63
00:01:57,921 --> 00:01:59,856
他的方案叫类异说

64
00:02:00,041 --> 00:02:00,397
他说

65
00:02:00,802 --> 00:02:03,617
法从过去到现在到未来

66
00:02:03,681 --> 00:02:04,476
类别变了

67
00:02:04,642 --> 00:02:06,017
但本体没变

68
00:02:06,162 --> 00:02:08,037
就像牛奶变成酸奶

69
00:02:08,242 --> 00:02:09,201
它还是奶

70
00:02:09,201 --> 00:02:10,776
只是种类不一样了

71
00:02:11,387 --> 00:02:12,681
第二位叫妙音

72
00:02:12,986 --> 00:02:14,841
他的方案叫相异说

73
00:02:15,187 --> 00:02:15,542
他说

74
00:02:15,986 --> 00:02:17,442
法的本体不变

75
00:02:17,466 --> 00:02:19,042
但它的相貌在变

76
00:02:19,227 --> 00:02:19,942
就像一个人

77
00:02:20,347 --> 00:02:21,641
年轻时英俊

78
00:02:21,827 --> 00:02:23,401
老了满脸皱纹

79
00:02:23,546 --> 00:02:24,421
长相变了

80
00:02:24,507 --> 00:02:26,002
但人还是那个人

81
00:02:26,992 --> 00:02:28,447
第三位叫世友

82
00:02:28,792 --> 00:02:30,688
他的方案叫位异说

83
00:02:31,072 --> 00:02:31,387
他说

84
00:02:31,873 --> 00:02:33,327
法的本体不变

85
00:02:33,433 --> 00:02:34,767
相貌也不变

86
00:02:34,913 --> 00:02:37,327
变的只是它在时间中的位置

87
00:02:37,473 --> 00:02:38,752
就像一颗棋子

88
00:02:38,753 --> 00:02:41,248
从棋盒里拿出来摆到棋盘上

89
00:02:41,313 --> 00:02:43,167
再从棋盘上收回去

90
00:02:43,512 --> 00:02:45,767
棋子始终是那颗棋子

91
00:02:45,792 --> 00:02:48,008
变的只是它在不在场上

92
00:02:48,577 --> 00:02:50,112
第四位叫觉天

93
00:02:50,577 --> 00:02:52,392
他的方案叫待异说

94
00:02:52,898 --> 00:02:53,253
他说

95
00:02:53,618 --> 00:02:55,232
法的本体不变

96
00:02:55,538 --> 00:02:58,153
变的是它跟其他法的关系

97
00:02:58,498 --> 00:02:59,373
就像一个女人

98
00:02:59,778 --> 00:03:01,672
对儿子来说是母亲

99
00:03:01,818 --> 00:03:03,792
对丈夫来说是妻子

100
00:03:03,857 --> 00:03:05,632
对父亲来说是女儿

101
00:03:06,017 --> 00:03:06,693
她没变

102
00:03:07,017 --> 00:03:09,352
变的是你从哪个角度看她

103
00:03:10,079 --> 00:03:10,873
四种解释

104
00:03:11,159 --> 00:03:12,653
听起来都有道理

105
00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:17,093
说一切有部最终把世友的位异说定为正统

106
00:03:17,518 --> 00:03:18,313
为什么选它

107
00:03:18,799 --> 00:03:20,093
因为它最干净

108
00:03:20,359 --> 00:03:21,113
法就是法

109
00:03:21,359 --> 00:03:22,074
不变类别

110
00:03:22,319 --> 00:03:23,237
不变相貌

111
00:03:23,238 --> 00:03:24,333
不变关系

112
00:03:24,438 --> 00:03:26,773
只是在时间线上换了个位置

113
00:03:26,879 --> 00:03:27,354
简洁

114
00:03:27,718 --> 00:03:28,153
优雅

115
00:03:28,398 --> 00:03:29,294
好操作

116
00:03:30,128 --> 00:03:31,123
但你仔细想想

117
00:03:31,449 --> 00:03:32,608
这四种方案

118
00:03:32,609 --> 00:03:33,924
有没有一个共同的问题

119
00:03:34,455 --> 00:03:35,255
有

120
00:03:35,648 --> 00:03:38,544
它们全都在偷偷保留一个不变的东西

121
00:03:39,088 --> 00:03:41,623
法救说类变但体不变

122
00:03:41,769 --> 00:03:44,264
妙音说相变但体不变

123
00:03:44,368 --> 00:03:46,783
世友说位变但体不变

124
00:03:46,808 --> 00:03:49,424
觉天说关系变但体不变

125
00:03:49,688 --> 00:03:51,247
不管你怎么换花样

126
00:03:51,248 --> 00:03:53,303
最后都要守住一个底线

127
00:03:53,408 --> 00:03:54,463
法体不变

128
00:03:55,354 --> 00:03:56,629
可佛陀说的是什么

129
00:03:57,034 --> 00:03:58,289
诸行无常

130
00:03:58,594 --> 00:03:59,588
一切有为法

131
00:03:59,953 --> 00:04:01,928
没有一样东西是不变的

132
00:04:02,154 --> 00:04:03,108
你现在告诉我

133
00:04:03,354 --> 00:04:04,969
有一个叫法体的东西

134
00:04:05,074 --> 00:04:07,029
它在三世中恒常存在

135
00:04:07,314 --> 00:04:08,029
永远不变

136
00:04:08,553 --> 00:04:11,108
这不就是佛陀一辈子在拆的那个东西吗

137
00:04:11,713 --> 00:04:12,708
你把它叫法体

138
00:04:12,993 --> 00:04:14,512
婆罗门教把它叫梵

139
00:04:14,513 --> 00:04:15,189
叫阿特曼

140
00:04:15,433 --> 00:04:16,849
叫永恒的自我

141
00:04:17,034 --> 00:04:17,828
名字换了

142
00:04:18,194 --> 00:04:19,208
逻辑没换

143
00:04:19,634 --> 00:04:21,113
你用佛陀的工具

144
00:04:21,113 --> 00:04:23,488
盖了一座佛陀不会住的房子

145
00:04:24,027 --> 00:04:24,662
这个矛盾

146
00:04:24,987 --> 00:04:26,482
不是外人发现的

147
00:04:26,626 --> 00:04:29,265
是从说一切有部自己的阵营里

148
00:04:29,266 --> 00:04:30,681
有人看出来的

149
00:04:30,866 --> 00:04:31,542
这批人

150
00:04:31,787 --> 00:04:33,681
后来被叫做经量部

151
00:04:33,987 --> 00:04:35,621
梵文叫萨特兰提迦

152
00:04:36,027 --> 00:04:37,922
意思是以经为量

153
00:04:38,186 --> 00:04:41,522
就是以佛陀亲口说的经为唯一标准

154
00:04:41,826 --> 00:04:43,402
你那些后人写的论

155
00:04:43,426 --> 00:04:45,546
那些越来越复杂的阿毗达摩

156
00:04:45,547 --> 00:04:46,022
对不起

157
00:04:46,227 --> 00:04:47,082
不算数

158
00:04:47,306 --> 00:04:48,301
佛陀怎么说的

159
00:04:48,467 --> 00:04:49,522
我就怎么信

160
00:04:49,907 --> 00:04:52,441
这个态度本身就是一种宣言

161
00:04:52,866 --> 00:04:53,821
它等于在说

162
00:04:54,227 --> 00:04:55,465
过去几百年

163
00:04:55,467 --> 00:04:58,241
你们拼命建造的那套论藏系统

164
00:04:58,266 --> 00:04:59,321
可能偏了

165
00:04:59,667 --> 00:05:01,482
我们要回到源头去

166
00:05:02,193 --> 00:05:03,889
经量部的思想源头

167
00:05:03,954 --> 00:05:07,608
学术界一般追溯到一位叫鸠摩罗多的论师

168
00:05:07,914 --> 00:05:09,729
中文又译作童受

169
00:05:10,113 --> 00:05:12,928
他大约生活在公元二到三世纪

170
00:05:13,233 --> 00:05:14,188
关于他的生平

171
00:05:14,594 --> 00:05:16,048
史料非常有限

172
00:05:16,313 --> 00:05:18,209
但他留下的核心观点

173
00:05:18,274 --> 00:05:19,793
像一枚炸弹一样

174
00:05:19,793 --> 00:05:22,729
在说一切有部的大厦里炸开了一个洞

175
00:05:22,993 --> 00:05:23,748
他说了什么

176
00:05:24,274 --> 00:05:24,589
他说

177
00:05:25,074 --> 00:05:26,029
过去和未来

178
00:05:26,394 --> 00:05:27,649
不是实有的

179
00:05:27,834 --> 00:05:29,269
只有当下这一刹那

180
00:05:29,594 --> 00:05:31,048
是真实存在的

181
00:05:31,736 --> 00:05:32,991
这句话的杀伤力

182
00:05:33,136 --> 00:05:35,032
你可能还没完全感受到

183
00:05:35,537 --> 00:05:36,792
让我帮你翻译一下

184
00:05:37,417 --> 00:05:39,631
说一切有部花了几百年

185
00:05:39,696 --> 00:05:41,712
建造了一套精密的体系

186
00:05:41,897 --> 00:05:44,392
核心地基就是三世实有

187
00:05:44,897 --> 00:05:45,972
鸠摩罗多走过来

188
00:05:46,337 --> 00:05:47,191
蹲下身

189
00:05:47,296 --> 00:05:48,131
指着地基说

190
00:05:48,816 --> 00:05:50,032
这块是假的

191
00:05:50,602 --> 00:05:51,477
那你马上会问

192
00:05:51,921 --> 00:05:53,561
如果过去不存在了

193
00:05:53,561 --> 00:05:54,397
因果怎么办

194
00:05:54,921 --> 00:05:55,917
我昨天做的事

195
00:05:56,321 --> 00:05:57,517
今天怎么还有结果

196
00:05:58,082 --> 00:06:00,137
过去的因如果已经消失了

197
00:06:00,162 --> 00:06:01,356
现在的果从哪来

198
00:06:02,001 --> 00:06:03,481
经量部给出的答案

199
00:06:03,481 --> 00:06:05,296
是一个非常精彩的模型

200
00:06:05,402 --> 00:06:06,577
叫种子说

201
00:06:07,082 --> 00:06:07,517
他们说

202
00:06:07,881 --> 00:06:09,696
过去的法确实灭了

203
00:06:09,762 --> 00:06:10,556
但它灭的时候

204
00:06:10,881 --> 00:06:12,296
不是什么都没留下

205
00:06:12,561 --> 00:06:13,676
它在灭去的同时

206
00:06:14,001 --> 00:06:15,217
把自己的力量

207
00:06:15,241 --> 00:06:16,277
像一颗种子一样

208
00:06:16,522 --> 00:06:18,097
种进了下一个刹那

209
00:06:18,361 --> 00:06:20,597
这颗种子又传给再下一个刹那

210
00:06:20,921 --> 00:06:21,657
再传

211
00:06:21,681 --> 00:06:22,116
再传

212
00:06:22,561 --> 00:06:24,897
形成一条不间断的相续之流

213
00:06:25,832 --> 00:06:28,528
这就是经量部最核心的概念

214
00:06:28,553 --> 00:06:30,687
叫相续转变差别

215
00:06:30,952 --> 00:06:31,428
相续

216
00:06:31,752 --> 00:06:33,728
就是不间断地传递

217
00:06:33,872 --> 00:06:34,387
转变

218
00:06:34,752 --> 00:06:36,968
就是每一刹那都在变

219
00:06:37,312 --> 00:06:37,788
差别

220
00:06:38,072 --> 00:06:39,648
就是变到某一刻

221
00:06:39,713 --> 00:06:40,908
条件成熟了

222
00:06:41,233 --> 00:06:42,928
果就冒出来了

223
00:06:43,192 --> 00:06:46,408
你注意它跟说一切有部的根本区别

224
00:06:46,752 --> 00:06:47,827
说一切有部说

225
00:06:48,192 --> 00:06:50,031
过去的因还在那里

226
00:06:50,033 --> 00:06:50,988
它是实有的

227
00:06:51,353 --> 00:06:53,687
所以现在的果能找到它

228
00:06:54,033 --> 00:06:54,827
经量部说

229
00:06:55,113 --> 00:06:55,428
不对

230
00:06:55,872 --> 00:06:57,752
过去的因已经灭了

231
00:06:57,752 --> 00:07:00,408
但它灭的时候留下了一颗种子

232
00:07:00,553 --> 00:07:02,831
这颗种子像接力棒一样

233
00:07:02,832 --> 00:07:05,247
一刹那一刹那地往前传

234
00:07:05,512 --> 00:07:07,767
传到条件成熟的那一刻

235
00:07:07,872 --> 00:07:09,848
果自然就现前了

236
00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:11,644
我给你打个比方

237
00:07:12,109 --> 00:07:14,044
说一切有部的因果观

238
00:07:14,229 --> 00:07:15,925
像一个巨大的仓库

239
00:07:16,349 --> 00:07:18,284
过去发生的所有事情

240
00:07:18,310 --> 00:07:21,245
都整整齐齐地摆在仓库的货架上

241
00:07:21,430 --> 00:07:23,125
永远不会被清走

242
00:07:23,510 --> 00:07:25,284
你今天领到的果报

243
00:07:25,349 --> 00:07:29,245
就是有人去仓库里把那个因取出来交给你的

244
00:07:29,789 --> 00:07:31,065
经量部的因果观呢

245
00:07:31,510 --> 00:07:32,805
像多米诺骨牌

246
00:07:33,149 --> 00:07:34,144
第一张牌倒了

247
00:07:34,430 --> 00:07:35,805
它推倒第二张

248
00:07:35,909 --> 00:07:37,604
第二张推倒第三张

249
00:07:37,909 --> 00:07:40,524
第一张牌早就躺在地上不动了

250
00:07:40,709 --> 00:07:41,789
但它的力量

251
00:07:41,789 --> 00:07:43,709
通过每一张牌的传递

252
00:07:43,709 --> 00:07:45,404
一直活在链条里

253
00:07:45,469 --> 00:07:47,365
直到最后一张牌倒下

254
00:07:47,767 --> 00:07:49,322
哪个更接近你的日常经验

255
00:07:49,887 --> 00:07:50,863
你想想看

256
00:07:51,327 --> 00:07:53,183
你十年前受过一次伤

257
00:07:53,647 --> 00:07:54,322
那个事件

258
00:07:54,728 --> 00:07:55,942
已经过去了

259
00:07:56,288 --> 00:07:57,002
那个场景

260
00:07:57,447 --> 00:07:58,262
那些人

261
00:07:58,327 --> 00:07:58,843
那些话

262
00:07:59,288 --> 00:08:00,582
都已经不在了

263
00:08:00,928 --> 00:08:01,642
但你心里

264
00:08:02,007 --> 00:08:03,442
是不是还有一种东西在

265
00:08:04,288 --> 00:08:06,022
它不是那件事本身

266
00:08:06,247 --> 00:08:08,663
而是那件事留下来的痕迹

267
00:08:09,327 --> 00:08:11,303
它被一天一天地携带着

268
00:08:11,447 --> 00:08:12,783
在你的性格里

269
00:08:12,848 --> 00:08:14,382
你的反应模式里

270
00:08:14,488 --> 00:08:16,622
你的某些不自觉的回避里

271
00:08:16,687 --> 00:08:18,423
一直传递到今天

272
00:08:19,561 --> 00:08:21,156
说一切有部会告诉你

273
00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:22,575
那件事还在

274
00:08:22,921 --> 00:08:25,736
它在过去世里实有地存在着

275
00:08:25,760 --> 00:08:27,895
所以你今天还受它影响

276
00:08:28,241 --> 00:08:29,436
经量部会告诉你

277
00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:31,296
那件事已经灭了

278
00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:32,616
但它灭的时候

279
00:08:32,681 --> 00:08:34,976
在你心里种下了一颗种子

280
00:08:35,041 --> 00:08:38,056
这颗种子每天都在微微地转变

281
00:08:38,121 --> 00:08:39,675
影响着你的每一个反应

282
00:08:40,121 --> 00:08:41,175
直到有一天

283
00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:43,055
某个条件触发了它

284
00:08:43,081 --> 00:08:45,576
它就以新的形式显现出来

285
00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:47,635
你觉得哪个描述更真实

286
00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:49,515
如果你觉得是后者

287
00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:50,616
恭喜你

288
00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:54,696
你的直觉和两千多年前的经量部论师是一样的

289
00:08:55,111 --> 00:08:58,486
而且你如果熟悉我们频道之前讲过的唯识学

290
00:08:58,591 --> 00:09:00,446
你会发现一件很有趣的事

291
00:09:00,831 --> 00:09:02,407
经量部的种子说

292
00:09:02,471 --> 00:09:05,366
和后来唯识学的阿赖耶识种子体系

293
00:09:05,512 --> 00:09:09,366
简直像是同一套思想的早期版本和成熟版本

294
00:09:09,792 --> 00:09:11,590
唯识学说阿赖耶识

295
00:09:11,591 --> 00:09:13,767
就像一片巨大的种子仓库

296
00:09:13,951 --> 00:09:17,206
一切经验都以种子的形式储存在里面

297
00:09:17,351 --> 00:09:19,606
等待因缘成熟时现行

298
00:09:19,951 --> 00:09:20,627
这个框架

299
00:09:20,951 --> 00:09:22,966
根就扎在经量部这里

300
00:09:23,471 --> 00:09:25,407
思想史有时候就是这样

301
00:09:26,111 --> 00:09:29,086
一个人在两千年前种下一颗种子

302
00:09:29,111 --> 00:09:31,206
它在地底下传了几百年

303
00:09:31,311 --> 00:09:33,350
等到无著和世亲的时代

304
00:09:33,351 --> 00:09:34,387
才破土而出

305
00:09:34,792 --> 00:09:36,887
长成了一棵参天大树

306
00:09:37,944 --> 00:09:38,620
说到世亲

307
00:09:39,105 --> 00:09:40,720
这里要特别澄清一下

308
00:09:40,824 --> 00:09:42,159
因为很容易搞混

309
00:09:42,345 --> 00:09:44,880
前面讲的那四位论师之一的世友

310
00:09:44,904 --> 00:09:47,000
和后来写俱舍论的世亲

311
00:09:47,145 --> 00:09:48,319
不是同一个人

312
00:09:48,584 --> 00:09:51,039
世友是说一切有部的辩护者

313
00:09:51,105 --> 00:09:52,720
他提出了位异说

314
00:09:52,824 --> 00:09:54,480
是这个阵营的守门人

315
00:09:54,704 --> 00:09:57,264
而世亲生活在大约四五世纪

316
00:09:57,265 --> 00:09:59,079
比世友晚了好几百年

317
00:09:59,716 --> 00:10:00,990
世亲做了一件什么事呢

318
00:10:01,556 --> 00:10:04,170
他写了一部叫俱舍论的巨著

319
00:10:04,694 --> 00:10:05,476
这部论

320
00:10:05,476 --> 00:10:08,914
表面上是在整理说一切有部的全部学说

321
00:10:08,915 --> 00:10:10,770
像一本百科全书一样

322
00:10:10,795 --> 00:10:14,250
把七十五法 三世实有 刹那生灭

323
00:10:14,275 --> 00:10:16,331
所有东西都讲得清清楚楚

324
00:10:16,436 --> 00:10:17,630
但如果你仔细读

325
00:10:17,875 --> 00:10:18,755
你会发现

326
00:10:18,755 --> 00:10:20,250
他在整理的同时

327
00:10:20,275 --> 00:10:22,314
一直在用经量部的观点

328
00:10:22,316 --> 00:10:24,770
悄悄地拆说一切有部的墙角

329
00:10:25,076 --> 00:10:25,910
这就像什么呢

330
00:10:26,395 --> 00:10:27,390
就像一个建筑师

331
00:10:27,716 --> 00:10:28,731
接了一份活

332
00:10:28,795 --> 00:10:31,731
说帮你画一张你家房子的完整蓝图

333
00:10:31,875 --> 00:10:33,270
他画得极其精确

334
00:10:33,596 --> 00:10:34,674
每一根柱子

335
00:10:34,676 --> 00:10:37,331
每一面墙都标得清清楚楚

336
00:10:37,875 --> 00:10:39,755
但他在蓝图的关键位置

337
00:10:39,755 --> 00:10:41,370
用红笔标了几个字

338
00:10:41,596 --> 00:10:43,290
此处承重不足

339
00:10:44,228 --> 00:10:46,363
俱舍论就是这样一张蓝图

340
00:10:46,549 --> 00:10:48,348
它让所有读它的人

341
00:10:48,348 --> 00:10:51,603
一边看懂了说一切有部的全部构造

342
00:10:51,628 --> 00:10:55,363
一边也看见了这座大厦最脆弱的地方在哪里

343
00:10:55,628 --> 00:10:57,083
后来有人评价说

344
00:10:57,189 --> 00:10:59,363
俱舍论是聪明人的炸药

345
00:10:59,669 --> 00:11:02,027
它不是从外面扔进来的炮弹

346
00:11:02,029 --> 00:11:04,524
而是从内部结构里找到了裂缝

347
00:11:04,549 --> 00:11:05,883
然后轻轻一推

348
00:11:06,185 --> 00:11:07,100
我们站远一点

349
00:11:07,465 --> 00:11:08,984
看整个这段历史

350
00:11:08,986 --> 00:11:11,241
你会发现一个反复出现的模式

351
00:11:11,746 --> 00:11:12,781
佛陀说了一句话

352
00:11:13,065 --> 00:11:14,521
叫一切无常

353
00:11:15,026 --> 00:11:16,905
后来的人为了解释这句话

354
00:11:16,906 --> 00:11:18,425
建了一个巨大的系统

355
00:11:18,425 --> 00:11:19,680
叫阿毗达摩

356
00:11:20,185 --> 00:11:21,100
为了让系统自洽

357
00:11:21,545 --> 00:11:22,761
他们不得不说

358
00:11:22,825 --> 00:11:24,040
法体恒存

359
00:11:24,585 --> 00:11:26,361
然后另一批人站出来说

360
00:11:26,425 --> 00:11:27,864
你们为了解释无常

361
00:11:27,866 --> 00:11:29,840
居然造出了一个恒常的东西

362
00:11:29,986 --> 00:11:31,261
这不是自相矛盾吗

363
00:11:32,512 --> 00:11:33,186
这个模式

364
00:11:33,512 --> 00:11:36,206
在人类思想史上反复出现

365
00:11:36,592 --> 00:11:37,847
不只是佛教

366
00:11:38,071 --> 00:11:41,566
所有试图用系统去捕捉活的真理的尝试

367
00:11:41,671 --> 00:11:43,967
最终都会面对同一个悖论

368
00:11:44,431 --> 00:11:45,686
系统越精密

369
00:11:45,711 --> 00:11:48,086
它离那个活的东西就越远

370
00:11:48,392 --> 00:11:49,950
地图画得越详细

371
00:11:49,951 --> 00:11:52,806
你越容易把地图当成了领土本身

372
00:11:53,272 --> 00:11:54,967
经量部看见了这一点

373
00:11:55,232 --> 00:11:55,666
他们说

374
00:11:55,992 --> 00:11:57,190
别再画地图了

375
00:11:57,191 --> 00:11:59,046
回去看佛陀怎么说的

376
00:11:59,191 --> 00:12:00,186
佛陀说无常

377
00:12:00,551 --> 00:12:01,526
就是无常

378
00:12:01,992 --> 00:12:03,710
过去灭了就是灭了

379
00:12:03,711 --> 00:12:05,391
不要为了你的系统需要

380
00:12:05,392 --> 00:12:06,727
硬说它还在

381
00:12:07,729 --> 00:12:10,464
但经量部自己也没能逃脱这个模式

382
00:12:10,689 --> 00:12:12,224
他们提出的种子说

383
00:12:12,250 --> 00:12:16,344
后来也被一代又一代的论师发展 细化 系统化

384
00:12:16,489 --> 00:12:20,464
最终变成了唯识学那套更庞大 更精密的体系

385
00:12:20,609 --> 00:12:22,425
一个用来拆系统的工具

386
00:12:22,449 --> 00:12:24,464
自己也变成了一个新的系统

387
00:12:24,689 --> 00:12:26,984
这或许就是人类认知的宿命

388
00:12:27,170 --> 00:12:29,864
我们没有办法赤手空拳地面对真实

389
00:12:30,010 --> 00:12:31,608
我们总需要一个模型

390
00:12:31,609 --> 00:12:33,584
一套语言 一张地图

391
00:12:33,689 --> 00:12:34,929
但每一张地图

392
00:12:34,930 --> 00:12:37,025
用久了都会变成一堵墙

393
00:12:37,290 --> 00:12:38,925
然后就需要有人站出来

394
00:12:39,130 --> 00:12:40,265
把墙拆掉

395
00:12:40,329 --> 00:12:41,905
露出墙后面的风景

396
00:12:42,489 --> 00:12:43,584
然后再有人

397
00:12:43,650 --> 00:12:45,944
把那片风景画成新的地图

398
00:12:46,683 --> 00:12:48,018
所以今天这一集

399
00:12:48,084 --> 00:12:50,619
与其说是在讲经量部的哲学

400
00:12:50,763 --> 00:12:53,339
不如说是在看一个更深的问题

401
00:12:53,683 --> 00:12:54,579
你心里

402
00:12:54,683 --> 00:12:58,818
有没有一些你深信不疑的框架 模型 理论

403
00:12:58,964 --> 00:13:00,979
它们在某个阶段帮过你

404
00:13:01,084 --> 00:13:03,202
但现在可能已经变成了一堵

405
00:13:03,204 --> 00:13:04,798
你自己都没察觉的墙

406
00:13:05,724 --> 00:13:07,219
你不需要立刻回答

407
00:13:07,403 --> 00:13:08,979
但你可以留意一下

408
00:13:09,204 --> 00:13:12,138
下次当你特别确定某件事的时候

409
00:13:12,364 --> 00:13:14,058
那份确定感本身

410
00:13:14,283 --> 00:13:16,499
是不是也值得被看一看

411
00:13:16,747 --> 00:13:17,102
好了

412
00:13:17,467 --> 00:13:20,002
经量部用以经为量的旗号

413
00:13:20,068 --> 00:13:22,762
从内部拆了说一切有部的地基

414
00:13:23,387 --> 00:13:27,722
但佛教的历史并没有因为一场思想论战就改变方向

415
00:13:28,227 --> 00:13:30,347
真正让整个棋盘翻转的

416
00:13:30,347 --> 00:13:31,722
不是一个哲学家

417
00:13:31,747 --> 00:13:33,002
而是一个皇帝

418
00:13:33,308 --> 00:13:35,082
一个杀了十万人之后

419
00:13:35,107 --> 00:13:38,002
跪在尸山血海中痛哭的皇帝

420
00:13:38,308 --> 00:13:40,163
他的名字叫阿育王

421
00:13:40,707 --> 00:13:41,882
他做了一件事

422
00:13:41,948 --> 00:13:45,163
让佛教从一个印度本土的修行团体

423
00:13:45,188 --> 00:13:48,362
变成了一个横跨半个亚洲的世界性宗教

424
00:13:48,747 --> 00:13:49,982
这就是我们下一次

425
00:13:50,268 --> 00:13:51,643
要走进的故事

426
00:13:52,566 --> 00:13:53,120
你觉得

427
00:13:53,365 --> 00:13:55,564
一个理论从内部被质疑

428
00:13:55,566 --> 00:13:56,801
和从外部被攻击

429
00:13:57,165 --> 00:13:58,120
哪一种更致命

430
00:13:58,765 --> 00:14:00,341
你自己有没有经历过

431
00:14:00,365 --> 00:14:03,280
从内部推翻自己过去深信不疑的某个信念

432
00:14:03,806 --> 00:14:05,160
那个过程是什么感觉

433
00:14:05,726 --> 00:14:06,900
评论区告诉我

434
00:14:07,853 --> 00:14:08,608
我是王利杰

435
00:14:08,892 --> 00:14:10,067
我们下期见