1
00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:02,166
老和尚背着女人过了河

2
00:00:02,200 --> 00:00:03,100
然后把她放下了

3
00:00:04,166 --> 00:00:05,966
小和尚一直在心里背着那个女人

4
00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:07,700
过了三里路

5
00:00:07,700 --> 00:00:08,200
还在想

6
00:00:09,133 --> 00:00:10,733
老和尚怎么能这样

7
00:00:10,900 --> 00:00:11,400
他犯戒了

8
00:00:12,266 --> 00:00:13,033
他碰了女人

9
00:00:14,033 --> 00:00:15,500
他把她整个人背过了河

10
00:00:16,366 --> 00:00:17,333
这不就是破戒吗

11
00:00:18,133 --> 00:00:19,133
走了五里

12
00:00:19,133 --> 00:00:19,833
还是放不下

13
00:00:20,766 --> 00:00:21,966
越想越烦

14
00:00:21,966 --> 00:00:22,500
越烦越想

15
00:00:23,500 --> 00:00:25,000
终于他忍不住了

16
00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:25,600
开口质问

17
00:00:26,500 --> 00:00:27,833
老和尚回头

18
00:00:27,833 --> 00:00:29,433
平静地看了他一眼

19
00:00:29,433 --> 00:00:30,700
说了一句话

20
00:00:30,733 --> 00:00:32,166
把小和尚彻底问住了

21
00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:34,133
老和尚说

22
00:00:34,133 --> 00:00:35,133
我早就把她放下了

23
00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:38,500
你为什么还没放下

24
00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:39,266
哈喽

25
00:00:39,300 --> 00:00:40,033
大家好

26
00:00:40,166 --> 00:00:40,733
我是王利杰

27
00:00:41,533 --> 00:00:43,900
这个故事在佛教圈子里流传很广

28
00:00:44,633 --> 00:00:47,066
很多人听完会会心一笑

29
00:00:47,100 --> 00:00:48,533
道理说起来简单

30
00:00:48,533 --> 00:00:49,166
不要执着

31
00:00:49,933 --> 00:00:51,833
但我今天想从另一个方向进去

32
00:00:52,566 --> 00:00:54,933
我想聊的不是老和尚做了什么

33
00:00:54,966 --> 00:00:56,833
而是小和尚那团火

34
00:00:56,833 --> 00:00:58,800
那个烧了几里路都没有熄灭的东西

35
00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:00,900
那团火叫什么

36
00:01:01,033 --> 00:01:01,366
叫戒

37
00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:03,433
更准确地说

38
00:01:03,466 --> 00:01:05,066
叫对戒的理解方式

39
00:01:05,633 --> 00:01:07,500
因为小和尚认为老和尚破戒了

40
00:01:08,300 --> 00:01:09,633
他心里有一条线

41
00:01:09,666 --> 00:01:10,800
叫做不能碰女人

42
00:01:11,866 --> 00:01:13,200
老和尚越过了那条线

43
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:14,966
所以老和尚错了

44
00:01:16,033 --> 00:01:19,466
但如果我们把这个问题放回到释迦牟尼最原始的教学里

45
00:01:19,500 --> 00:01:20,433
去看

46
00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:21,600
你会发现

47
00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:23,633
小和尚对戒律的理解

48
00:01:23,666 --> 00:01:25,166
从根子上就出了问题

49
00:01:25,966 --> 00:01:28,000
先说一个很多人不知道的历史细节

50
00:01:28,766 --> 00:01:29,733
巴利律藏

51
00:01:29,766 --> 00:01:33,666
是目前保存最完整、最古老的佛陀戒律记录

52
00:01:34,433 --> 00:01:36,300
它记录了两百多条比丘戒

53
00:01:37,033 --> 00:01:40,566
但这些戒律不是某一天从天上掉下来的

54
00:01:40,600 --> 00:01:43,733
也不是佛陀坐在菩提树下推演出来的道德公理

55
00:01:44,666 --> 00:01:45,866
每一条戒律

56
00:01:45,900 --> 00:01:48,033
都有一个具体的事件作为起源

57
00:01:49,033 --> 00:01:51,433
巴利文里有个词叫尼陀那

58
00:01:51,466 --> 00:01:53,066
意思就是缘起

59
00:01:53,066 --> 00:01:55,666
就是这条规矩是在什么情况下

60
00:01:55,700 --> 00:01:57,733
因为什么人的什么行为

61
00:01:57,733 --> 00:01:58,633
而被制定出来的

62
00:01:59,000 --> 00:01:59,566
举一个例子

63
00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:03,233
有一条戒律是比丘不得自手种植

64
00:02:03,266 --> 00:02:04,166
就是不能自己种地

65
00:02:04,933 --> 00:02:05,933
为什么

66
00:02:06,033 --> 00:02:09,100
不是因为种地本身违背了什么道德原理

67
00:02:09,133 --> 00:02:11,533
而是因为有一个比丘喜欢种菜

68
00:02:11,566 --> 00:02:13,233
被在家人看见了

69
00:02:13,233 --> 00:02:15,533
说他这样会伤害土里的虫子

70
00:02:15,533 --> 00:02:18,033
这不像一个出家人该有的样子

71
00:02:18,033 --> 00:02:19,166
影响了僧团的声誉

72
00:02:19,900 --> 00:02:21,566
所以佛陀制定了这条规矩

73
00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:23,633
再举一个

74
00:02:23,633 --> 00:02:25,000
比丘不得独自过河

75
00:02:25,766 --> 00:02:26,600
为什么

76
00:02:26,700 --> 00:02:29,200
因为有个比丘过河时衣服湿了

77
00:02:29,233 --> 00:02:30,533
被路人看见

78
00:02:30,533 --> 00:02:31,700
引起了议论和误解

79
00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:33,000
你看

80
00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:36,600
这些规矩的逻辑不是这在道德上永远是对的

81
00:02:37,433 --> 00:02:41,100
它们的逻辑是这样做对你的修行有帮助

82
00:02:41,133 --> 00:02:43,500
对僧团的运转有益处

83
00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:45,100
对你和社会的关系有利

84
00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:48,000
这是一套功能导向的规则体系

85
00:02:49,033 --> 00:02:50,933
不是神圣意志的降临

86
00:02:50,933 --> 00:02:53,233
不是宇宙道德律的刻写

87
00:02:53,266 --> 00:02:55,600
是一个非常聪明的人

88
00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:58,166
在解决一个个具体问题的过程中

89
00:02:58,200 --> 00:02:59,600
积累出来的实践智慧

90
00:03:00,733 --> 00:03:02,033
佛陀在临终前

91
00:03:02,033 --> 00:03:03,933
还对阿难说过一句话

92
00:03:03,933 --> 00:03:05,233
后来引发了无数争议

93
00:03:05,933 --> 00:03:06,633
他说

94
00:03:06,666 --> 00:03:08,700
如果僧团认为有必要

95
00:03:08,700 --> 00:03:10,233
小小戒是可以废除的

96
00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:12,200
注意这句话的意思

97
00:03:12,933 --> 00:03:13,733
规矩是工具

98
00:03:14,733 --> 00:03:17,500
工具是为了实现某个目的而存在的

99
00:03:17,500 --> 00:03:20,233
不是永恒的、神圣的、不可更动的

100
00:03:21,033 --> 00:03:23,466
金刚经里那句话说得最彻底

101
00:03:23,500 --> 00:03:24,600
法尚应舍

102
00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:25,166
何况非法

103
00:03:26,266 --> 00:03:27,900
筏是用来过河的

104
00:03:27,900 --> 00:03:28,833
到了对岸

105
00:03:28,866 --> 00:03:30,400
你还背着它走路

106
00:03:30,433 --> 00:03:31,666
那不是虔诚

107
00:03:31,700 --> 00:03:32,200
是执着

108
00:03:33,233 --> 00:03:34,433
那戒律的功能

109
00:03:34,433 --> 00:03:35,733
究竟是什么

110
00:03:35,866 --> 00:03:38,700
释迦牟尼的教学里有一个三步架构

111
00:03:38,733 --> 00:03:39,566
叫做戒定慧

112
00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:41,133
戒

113
00:03:41,166 --> 00:03:41,700
是第一步

114
00:03:42,500 --> 00:03:43,100
定

115
00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:43,633
是第二步

116
00:03:44,566 --> 00:03:45,100
慧

117
00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:45,700
是第三步

118
00:03:46,733 --> 00:03:48,033
为什么要从戒开始

119
00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:49,133
你想一想

120
00:03:49,733 --> 00:03:50,733
你昨天撒了一个谎

121
00:03:51,500 --> 00:03:52,900
现在你坐在那里想打坐

122
00:03:53,833 --> 00:03:55,266
你的大脑在做什么

123
00:03:55,433 --> 00:03:56,533
它在追踪那个谎话

124
00:03:57,500 --> 00:03:59,400
它在回放自己说了什么

125
00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:01,200
担心对方发现了没有

126
00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:02,900
想着下一步怎么圆

127
00:04:02,933 --> 00:04:04,733
如果对方来问该怎么回答

128
00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:08,033
这条线程一直挂在后台

129
00:04:08,066 --> 00:04:09,200
耗着你的认知资源

130
00:04:10,133 --> 00:04:11,100
这样的大脑

131
00:04:11,100 --> 00:04:12,666
很难安静下来

132
00:04:12,666 --> 00:04:14,666
因为它有太多没有关闭的线程

133
00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:16,166
持戒

134
00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:17,533
就是减少这些线程

135
00:04:18,166 --> 00:04:19,200
你不撒谎

136
00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:21,300
你就少了追踪谎言的认知负担

137
00:04:22,233 --> 00:04:23,466
你不贪占便宜

138
00:04:23,500 --> 00:04:26,533
你就少了很多和别人算来算去的隐性压力

139
00:04:27,700 --> 00:04:30,100
戒律把一些行为变成默认设定

140
00:04:30,633 --> 00:04:34,866
让你不必在每一个场景里都重新决策我该怎么做

141
00:04:34,866 --> 00:04:37,200
从而节省出认知资源

142
00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:38,533
留给更深层的觉察

143
00:04:39,566 --> 00:04:41,766
从脑神经科学的角度来说

144
00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:43,500
这其实就是习惯化的过程

145
00:04:44,133 --> 00:04:46,600
当一种行为模式变成习惯

146
00:04:46,633 --> 00:04:49,666
大脑的基底神经节接管这个程序

147
00:04:49,666 --> 00:04:53,000
前额叶皮层就可以从这件事上解脱出来

148
00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:54,333
去处理更复杂的工作

149
00:04:55,366 --> 00:04:56,933
你骑了多年自行车

150
00:04:56,933 --> 00:05:00,533
你不需要在每次骑车时都刻意想左脚踩

151
00:05:00,566 --> 00:05:01,566
右脚踩

152
00:05:01,566 --> 00:05:02,166
保持平衡

153
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:04,866
这个程序已经自动化了

154
00:05:04,900 --> 00:05:07,100
你的大脑高层可以去想别的事情

155
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:08,700
持戒

156
00:05:08,700 --> 00:05:10,633
是为修行者的大脑做自动化

157
00:05:11,433 --> 00:05:15,566
把一些耗能的道德决策程序固化成低耗能的习惯

158
00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:18,800
从而把认知带宽留给真正的修行

159
00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:20,800
也就是持续的觉察和观照

160
00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:23,666
所以戒律不是目的

161
00:05:23,700 --> 00:05:25,833
它是通往定的一条路

162
00:05:25,833 --> 00:05:27,633
而定是通往慧的一条路

163
00:05:28,366 --> 00:05:29,866
但这里有一个陷阱

164
00:05:29,866 --> 00:05:31,400
佛陀专门给它起了名字

165
00:05:32,266 --> 00:05:34,600
巴利文叫做戒禁取

166
00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:38,100
意思是执着于戒律和仪式本身

167
00:05:38,100 --> 00:05:39,566
把手段当成了目的

168
00:05:40,500 --> 00:05:42,900
佛陀在列出修行障碍的时候

169
00:05:42,933 --> 00:05:45,466
把这条放进了前三位

170
00:05:45,466 --> 00:05:47,566
跟自我认同、疑惑并列

171
00:05:48,700 --> 00:05:49,900
你仔细想想这件事

172
00:05:50,866 --> 00:05:52,000
佛陀自己

173
00:05:52,033 --> 00:05:53,800
把过度执着于戒律

174
00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:55,666
列为了一种修行障碍

175
00:05:55,700 --> 00:05:56,700
不是修行成就

176
00:05:57,566 --> 00:05:59,133
这就是小和尚的问题所在

177
00:05:59,900 --> 00:06:01,700
他不是真的在守戒

178
00:06:01,733 --> 00:06:03,800
他是在守一个关于守戒的念头

179
00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:06,600
那个念头里装着对错

180
00:06:06,633 --> 00:06:07,766
装着评判

181
00:06:07,766 --> 00:06:10,233
装着一个关于自己是好修行者的故事

182
00:06:11,066 --> 00:06:12,200
而这些东西

183
00:06:12,233 --> 00:06:14,800
才是真正让他的心无法平静的东西

184
00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:16,733
讽刺的是

185
00:06:16,766 --> 00:06:18,866
他用戒来追求清净

186
00:06:18,866 --> 00:06:20,833
戒本身成了他不清净的来源

187
00:06:21,900 --> 00:06:23,600
但是历史上有一些例子

188
00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:24,633
非常值得我们去看

189
00:06:25,333 --> 00:06:26,133
这些人

190
00:06:26,133 --> 00:06:28,000
没有持满所有的戒律

191
00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,100
但是却达到了极高的修行成就

192
00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:31,800
第一个

193
00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:32,566
央掘摩罗

194
00:06:33,466 --> 00:06:35,266
这个名字你可能没听过

195
00:06:35,300 --> 00:06:38,533
但他在巴利文经典里有一整部以他命名的经

196
00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:41,433
他的名字意思是指鬘

197
00:06:41,433 --> 00:06:44,000
因为他杀了九百九十九个人

198
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:46,500
把手指砍下来串成项链挂在脖子上

199
00:06:47,433 --> 00:06:49,400
他曾经是一个婆罗门学者

200
00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:51,933
被一个心术不正的师父欺骗

201
00:06:51,966 --> 00:06:54,566
告诉他杀一千个人才能成就解脱

202
00:06:55,666 --> 00:06:56,300
他信了

203
00:06:56,333 --> 00:06:58,133
因为他没有辨别能力

204
00:06:58,133 --> 00:07:00,900
因为他把对权威的服从当成了修行

205
00:07:01,766 --> 00:07:03,466
他遇见佛陀的那一天

206
00:07:03,500 --> 00:07:06,133
刚完成了第九百九十九个

207
00:07:06,133 --> 00:07:07,933
准备去杀第一千个

208
00:07:07,933 --> 00:07:09,066
他的母亲（因为佛陀出现又转移目标）

209
00:07:09,066 --> 00:07:11,166
以此来完成师父给他设下的任务

210
00:07:12,066 --> 00:07:13,933
他在路上追上了佛陀

211
00:07:13,966 --> 00:07:14,966
举刀就砍

212
00:07:14,966 --> 00:07:15,366
但砍不到

213
00:07:16,266 --> 00:07:17,633
佛陀走得不快

214
00:07:17,666 --> 00:07:18,733
他追了很久

215
00:07:18,733 --> 00:07:19,266
就是追不上

216
00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:21,166
他大喊

217
00:07:21,166 --> 00:07:21,400
站住

218
00:07:22,166 --> 00:07:23,300
佛陀回头说

219
00:07:23,333 --> 00:07:24,766
我站住了很久了

220
00:07:24,766 --> 00:07:25,533
是你

221
00:07:25,566 --> 00:07:26,100
还没站住

222
00:07:27,133 --> 00:07:28,433
他当场崩溃

223
00:07:28,433 --> 00:07:29,333
抛下刀

224
00:07:29,366 --> 00:07:31,600
跟着佛陀出家修行

225
00:07:31,633 --> 00:07:33,666
最终证得了阿罗汉果

226
00:07:33,666 --> 00:07:35,300
也就是最高的解脱成就

227
00:07:36,466 --> 00:07:37,766
经典里还记载

228
00:07:37,766 --> 00:07:40,166
他出家之后在街上化缘

229
00:07:40,200 --> 00:07:42,566
被曾经受害者的家属认出来

230
00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:43,633
用石头砸

231
00:07:43,666 --> 00:07:44,800
用棍子打

232
00:07:44,800 --> 00:07:46,500
他头破血流

233
00:07:46,500 --> 00:07:48,266
被打得几乎没有人样

234
00:07:48,300 --> 00:07:49,400
他就这么站着

235
00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:50,400
没有反抗

236
00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:51,100
也没有愤怒

237
00:07:51,933 --> 00:07:53,100
佛陀看见了

238
00:07:53,133 --> 00:07:54,133
对他说

239
00:07:54,133 --> 00:07:55,466
你承受着这些

240
00:07:55,466 --> 00:07:58,266
是在用现在的身体偿还往昔所造的业

241
00:07:59,200 --> 00:07:59,700
忍受着吧

242
00:08:00,766 --> 00:08:04,300
央掘摩罗从一个杀了九百九十九个人的人

243
00:08:04,333 --> 00:08:05,233
变成了这样一个人

244
00:08:05,833 --> 00:08:06,700
第二个

245
00:08:06,700 --> 00:08:07,233
密勒日巴

246
00:08:08,133 --> 00:08:09,433
这个名字你应该熟悉

247
00:08:10,233 --> 00:08:12,100
他早年学了黑法

248
00:08:12,133 --> 00:08:13,966
用法术制造冰雹

249
00:08:13,966 --> 00:08:14,900
害死了几十个人

250
00:08:15,766 --> 00:08:18,200
他后来跟随玛尔巴尊者修行

251
00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:20,700
历经了常人难以想象的磨难

252
00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:24,733
成为了藏传佛教历史上最重要的成就者之一

253
00:08:24,733 --> 00:08:26,666
他的道歌被人传诵了几百年

254
00:08:27,566 --> 00:08:28,500
第三个

255
00:08:28,500 --> 00:08:29,000
维摩诘

256
00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:32,600
这个人在大乘佛教里地位非常特殊

257
00:08:33,466 --> 00:08:34,966
他是一个在家居士

258
00:08:34,966 --> 00:08:35,966
不是比丘

259
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:36,933
不剃发

260
00:08:36,933 --> 00:08:39,033
不持全部的比丘戒

261
00:08:39,033 --> 00:08:40,733
他出入酒肆

262
00:08:40,766 --> 00:08:43,000
以各种方式接引有缘人

263
00:08:43,900 --> 00:08:45,200
但他的智慧

264
00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:46,700
在维摩诘经里

265
00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:48,700
连文殊菩萨都对他赞叹不已

266
00:08:50,966 --> 00:08:54,933
佛陀让几位大弟子和菩萨去探望病中的维摩诘

267
00:08:54,933 --> 00:08:56,533
没有一个人敢去

268
00:08:56,566 --> 00:08:58,500
因为之前都被他问得哑口无言

269
00:08:59,266 --> 00:09:00,300
这三个人

270
00:09:00,300 --> 00:09:00,966
从表面看

271
00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:02,666
破了很多规矩

272
00:09:02,666 --> 00:09:05,666
甚至犯下了在常人眼里不可饶恕的过错

273
00:09:06,566 --> 00:09:08,200
他们的共同点是什么

274
00:09:08,333 --> 00:09:09,433
不是持戒

275
00:09:09,466 --> 00:09:10,300
是真实的碎裂

276
00:09:11,233 --> 00:09:13,900
是那个用来定义自己的那个旧的自我

277
00:09:13,933 --> 00:09:14,500
真的碎了

278
00:09:15,300 --> 00:09:17,033
不是被规则压住了

279
00:09:17,033 --> 00:09:17,866
是它自己垮了

280
00:09:18,866 --> 00:09:19,800
垮掉之后

281
00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:20,766
另一个东西出来了

282
00:09:22,066 --> 00:09:23,200
我们再回到那条河边

283
00:09:23,966 --> 00:09:25,566
老和尚做了什么

284
00:09:25,766 --> 00:09:27,933
他看见了一个需要帮助的人

285
00:09:27,966 --> 00:09:29,500
他回应了这个需要

286
00:09:29,533 --> 00:09:30,900
他帮助了她

287
00:09:30,900 --> 00:09:31,900
然后他继续走路

288
00:09:32,866 --> 00:09:34,600
在他整个行动过程中

289
00:09:34,633 --> 00:09:36,533
没有我在做一件好事

290
00:09:36,533 --> 00:09:39,100
没有我在破戒但我有理由

291
00:09:39,133 --> 00:09:41,766
没有这个女人是什么样的人我要不要管

292
00:09:41,766 --> 00:09:42,400
什么都没有

293
00:09:43,366 --> 00:09:44,800
就是一个回应

294
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:45,800
完整的

295
00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:46,666
清醒的

296
00:09:46,666 --> 00:09:47,366
然后消失的

297
00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:49,300
他的心

298
00:09:49,300 --> 00:09:50,700
从始至终都是干净的

299
00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:52,833
但是小和尚

300
00:09:52,833 --> 00:09:54,400
他没有背那个女人

301
00:09:54,433 --> 00:09:55,133
他什么都没做

302
00:09:56,133 --> 00:09:57,366
然而他的心里

303
00:09:57,366 --> 00:09:59,700
那个女人背了几里路都没有放下

304
00:10:00,566 --> 00:10:03,200
他用了整个大脑的默认模式网络

305
00:10:03,233 --> 00:10:05,566
这是脑神经科学里的一个概念

306
00:10:05,566 --> 00:10:10,000
指的是大脑在没有特定任务时自动激活的区域

307
00:10:10,033 --> 00:10:15,033
负责自我参照、道德判断、社会评估和反刍性思维

308
00:10:15,066 --> 00:10:17,766
来处理一件跟他没有任何直接关系的事情

309
00:10:18,900 --> 00:10:20,866
他思考的不是自己的修行

310
00:10:20,866 --> 00:10:23,300
他思考的是老和尚是否犯了错

311
00:10:24,266 --> 00:10:25,400
讽刺的是

312
00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:27,000
小和尚的那几里路

313
00:10:27,033 --> 00:10:28,100
才是真正的执着

314
00:10:28,966 --> 00:10:30,400
才是真正的修行问题

315
00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:32,300
老和尚是清净的

316
00:10:33,133 --> 00:10:33,866
小和尚

317
00:10:33,866 --> 00:10:35,133
虽然什么都没做

318
00:10:35,166 --> 00:10:35,900
不是清净的

319
00:10:36,566 --> 00:10:38,166
这里还有一个值得注意的东西

320
00:10:38,966 --> 00:10:40,166
你有没有发现

321
00:10:40,166 --> 00:10:43,100
一个人越是严格遵守某种规则

322
00:10:43,133 --> 00:10:46,866
有时候反而越容易用这套规则去衡量别人

323
00:10:47,033 --> 00:10:48,200
不是刻意的

324
00:10:48,233 --> 00:10:49,166
是自然而然的

325
00:10:49,866 --> 00:10:52,666
因为那套规则已经成了他判断世界的坐标系

326
00:10:53,333 --> 00:10:54,333
他看什么

327
00:10:54,333 --> 00:10:55,966
都先对着那把尺量一量

328
00:10:56,966 --> 00:10:59,600
修行者里有时候也会出现这种东西

329
00:10:59,633 --> 00:11:01,666
一个人因为严格持戒

330
00:11:01,666 --> 00:11:04,100
产生了一种微妙的自我定义

331
00:11:04,100 --> 00:11:04,800
我是持戒者

332
00:11:05,633 --> 00:11:07,633
他知道自己遵守了规矩

333
00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:08,700
而这个知道

334
00:11:08,733 --> 00:11:10,066
本身就成了一个自我

335
00:11:12,033 --> 00:11:14,133
小和尚的问题不只是执着

336
00:11:14,133 --> 00:11:15,166
还有一层

337
00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:15,933
他的戒

338
00:11:15,966 --> 00:11:17,066
已经成了他的身份

339
00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:20,800
他在用戒律定义自己是谁

340
00:11:20,866 --> 00:11:23,466
所以当他看见老和尚的行为时

341
00:11:23,466 --> 00:11:25,466
感到的不仅仅是困惑

342
00:11:25,500 --> 00:11:26,333
还有一种威胁

343
00:11:27,166 --> 00:11:29,600
如果老和尚这样做是对的

344
00:11:29,633 --> 00:11:31,200
那我的身份怎么办

345
00:11:31,366 --> 00:11:32,133
戒律

346
00:11:32,133 --> 00:11:33,100
在这个时候

347
00:11:33,100 --> 00:11:34,433
已经不是筏了

348
00:11:34,466 --> 00:11:36,166
而是变成了一个身份的徽章

349
00:11:37,366 --> 00:11:38,466
戒律是筏

350
00:11:38,466 --> 00:11:39,600
还是锚

351
00:11:39,733 --> 00:11:42,833
这是每一个修行者都需要自己去检查的问题

352
00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:45,000
筏是用来过河的

353
00:11:45,766 --> 00:11:46,533
你用它

354
00:11:46,533 --> 00:11:47,766
你感激它

355
00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:49,000
但到了对岸

356
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:49,766
你能放下它

357
00:11:50,700 --> 00:11:51,833
锚是用来固定的

358
00:11:52,633 --> 00:11:54,133
它把你钉在一个地方

359
00:11:54,166 --> 00:11:55,100
让你动弹不得

360
00:11:55,900 --> 00:11:58,166
你耗费所有力气维持它

361
00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:00,000
维持表面的洁净

362
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,466
但你一步都没有往前走

363
00:12:02,666 --> 00:12:03,866
老和尚的修行

364
00:12:03,900 --> 00:12:05,866
让他在一个具体的场景里

365
00:12:05,866 --> 00:12:07,600
能够清醒地回应

366
00:12:07,633 --> 00:12:08,733
彻底地行动

367
00:12:08,733 --> 00:12:10,333
然后干净地离开

368
00:12:10,366 --> 00:12:11,033
毫无痕迹

369
00:12:12,033 --> 00:12:13,766
这才是持戒最深的那一面

370
00:12:14,766 --> 00:12:15,933
不是纹丝不动

371
00:12:15,966 --> 00:12:17,666
而是动了之后不留痕迹

372
00:12:18,533 --> 00:12:19,166
那么

373
00:12:19,166 --> 00:12:20,966
不持戒能开悟吗

374
00:12:21,300 --> 00:12:23,466
我觉得这个问题问得还不够准确

375
00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:26,533
更精确的问法也许是

376
00:12:26,566 --> 00:12:28,100
你的戒律

377
00:12:28,133 --> 00:12:30,266
是在帮你的心变得更清澈

378
00:12:30,300 --> 00:12:33,966
还是在帮你维持一个我是修行者的形象

379
00:12:34,033 --> 00:12:35,433
如果是前者

380
00:12:35,466 --> 00:12:37,000
戒律是你的朋友

381
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:38,033
你需要它

382
00:12:38,033 --> 00:12:39,333
你尊重它

383
00:12:39,366 --> 00:12:40,766
但你知道它是工具

384
00:12:41,633 --> 00:12:42,866
如果是后者

385
00:12:42,900 --> 00:12:45,700
戒律已经成了你最隐蔽的执着之一

386
00:12:45,700 --> 00:12:48,300
而且是一个很难被发现的执着

387
00:12:48,300 --> 00:12:50,333
因为它披着持戒的外衣

388
00:12:50,366 --> 00:12:51,866
看起来像修行

389
00:12:51,866 --> 00:12:54,366
实际上是在建立一个更坚固的自我

390
00:12:54,933 --> 00:12:56,366
小和尚是一面镜子

391
00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:58,433
他照见的

392
00:12:58,433 --> 00:13:01,433
是我们几乎每个人心里都有的东西

393
00:13:01,500 --> 00:13:03,766
用规则来定义自己是谁

394
00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:05,800
然后用这个定义去评判别人

395
00:13:06,700 --> 00:13:07,833
而老和尚

396
00:13:07,833 --> 00:13:08,800
在那一刻

397
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:10,233
既没有定义自己

398
00:13:10,266 --> 00:13:11,266
也没有评判别人

399
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,400
他就是把那个女人背过了河

400
00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:15,400
然后把她放下了

401
00:13:16,366 --> 00:13:17,166
真正放下了

402
00:13:18,266 --> 00:13:21,666
这句话听起来轻巧

403
00:13:22,066 --> 00:13:24,400
但你只要在自己身上找一找

404
00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:25,300
就知道它有多重

405
00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:28,500
这个故事之所以流传这么久

406
00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:31,233
我觉得不是因为它告诉了我们什么道理

407
00:13:31,533 --> 00:13:32,766
恰恰相反

408
00:13:32,766 --> 00:13:35,400
是因为它照见了我们心里一直背着的东西

409
00:13:36,166 --> 00:13:37,233
那不一定是一个女人

410
00:13:38,266 --> 00:13:40,366
也许是一句被人曲解的话

411
00:13:40,366 --> 00:13:42,500
你到现在还在心里替自己辩解

412
00:13:43,366 --> 00:13:46,266
也许是一件多年前没有做成的事

413
00:13:46,300 --> 00:13:48,100
你偶尔还会回去想

414
00:13:48,100 --> 00:13:49,266
如果当时那样就好了

415
00:13:50,133 --> 00:13:52,500
也许是一段关系里发生过的什么

416
00:13:52,500 --> 00:13:54,633
表面上你早就翻篇了

417
00:13:54,666 --> 00:13:56,200
但每次想起来

418
00:13:56,233 --> 00:13:57,333
那团情绪还在

419
00:13:58,000 --> 00:13:59,333
我们以为我们放下了

420
00:14:00,266 --> 00:14:01,233
但放下

421
00:14:01,266 --> 00:14:01,666
有两种

422
00:14:02,266 --> 00:14:04,500
一种是念头不再涌上来了

423
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:06,033
因为你压住了它

424
00:14:06,066 --> 00:14:07,166
因为你累了

425
00:14:07,166 --> 00:14:08,266
因为时间冲淡了

426
00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:12,900
另一种是那件事在你心里彻底完成了

427
00:14:12,900 --> 00:14:13,900
它发生过

428
00:14:13,933 --> 00:14:15,033
它结束了

429
00:14:15,066 --> 00:14:16,700
你和它的关系是干净的

430
00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:18,633
这两种放下

431
00:14:18,666 --> 00:14:19,400
感觉不一样

432
00:14:20,233 --> 00:14:20,966
第一种

433
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,300
你只是不再主动去想它

434
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:24,666
但它还在那里

435
00:14:24,700 --> 00:14:26,733
像一块石头压在水下

436
00:14:26,766 --> 00:14:27,733
偶尔还会浮起来

437
00:14:28,433 --> 00:14:29,333
第二种

438
00:14:29,333 --> 00:14:31,233
那件事真的不在了

439
00:14:31,300 --> 00:14:32,666
不是被你压住了

440
00:14:32,666 --> 00:14:33,600
是它自己消失了

441
00:14:34,633 --> 00:14:36,366
我们以为我们放下了

442
00:14:36,366 --> 00:14:37,366
很多时候

443
00:14:37,366 --> 00:14:37,866
是第一种

444
00:14:38,733 --> 00:14:39,900
你现在心里

445
00:14:39,900 --> 00:14:41,266
有没有什么东西

446
00:14:41,566 --> 00:14:43,700
你以为自己把它放在了河边

447
00:14:43,700 --> 00:14:46,066
但其实还背着它走了好几里路

448
00:14:47,166 --> 00:14:48,733
这个问题不用回答我

449
00:14:48,766 --> 00:14:49,533
它是给你自己的

450
00:14:50,233 --> 00:14:51,100
我是王利杰

451
00:14:51,133 --> 00:14:51,900
我们下期见