1
00:00:00,343 --> 00:00:02,021
乔布斯把家搬空了

2
00:00:02,023 --> 00:00:03,755
这跟 极简主义 没关系

3
00:00:03,903 --> 00:00:04,942
一九八二年

4
00:00:04,942 --> 00:00:07,916
有一位摄影师走进乔布斯在加州的家

5
00:00:08,022 --> 00:00:09,195
拍了一张照片

6
00:00:09,583 --> 00:00:10,336
那张照片里

7
00:00:10,542 --> 00:00:12,115
客厅几乎是空的

8
00:00:12,223 --> 00:00:12,855
没有沙发

9
00:00:13,102 --> 00:00:13,816
没有茶几

10
00:00:14,063 --> 00:00:15,195
也没有电视柜

11
00:00:15,462 --> 00:00:18,236
二十七岁的乔布斯盘腿坐在地板上

12
00:00:18,382 --> 00:00:20,756
身边只有一盏蒂芙尼的台灯

13
00:00:20,862 --> 00:00:21,615
一套音响

14
00:00:21,902 --> 00:00:23,236
几张黑胶唱片

15
00:00:23,303 --> 00:00:24,015
一个笔记本

16
00:00:24,303 --> 00:00:25,396
还有一杯茶

17
00:00:25,742 --> 00:00:28,396
很多年以后他自己说起这张照片

18
00:00:28,463 --> 00:00:29,635
说得很平淡

19
00:00:29,943 --> 00:00:30,216
他说

20
00:00:30,623 --> 00:00:32,676
那是我很典型的一段日子

21
00:00:32,703 --> 00:00:33,756
我一个人过

22
00:00:34,622 --> 00:00:38,515
你需要的东西不过是一杯茶 一盏灯 一套音响

23
00:00:38,542 --> 00:00:40,515
我那时候有的就是这些

24
00:00:40,862 --> 00:00:43,142
这张照片后来被无数人转发

25
00:00:43,143 --> 00:00:45,396
配的文案几乎都是同一句话

26
00:00:45,503 --> 00:00:45,695
看

27
00:00:46,063 --> 00:00:47,195
这才叫极简

28
00:00:48,186 --> 00:00:49,098
可是同一个人

29
00:00:49,426 --> 00:00:50,679
还有另外一件事

30
00:00:51,146 --> 00:00:52,018
他结婚以后

31
00:00:52,426 --> 00:00:54,119
家里要买一台洗衣机

32
00:00:54,625 --> 00:00:56,319
他和妻子在饭桌上

33
00:00:56,345 --> 00:00:58,558
每天晚上讨论这台洗衣机

34
00:00:58,746 --> 00:01:00,399
讨论了大概两个星期

35
00:01:00,786 --> 00:01:02,518
他们讨论的不是价格

36
00:01:02,585 --> 00:01:05,078
是欧洲的机器为什么洗得慢

37
00:01:05,105 --> 00:01:05,978
却更省水

38
00:01:06,225 --> 00:01:07,599
也更护衣服

39
00:01:07,945 --> 00:01:10,879
最后他们买了一台德国的美诺

40
00:01:11,585 --> 00:01:12,558
还有沙发

41
00:01:12,866 --> 00:01:14,638
他妻子后来说过一句话

42
00:01:14,786 --> 00:01:17,198
我第一次读到的时候愣了很久

43
00:01:17,626 --> 00:01:17,978
她说

44
00:01:18,385 --> 00:01:19,984
关于家具这件事

45
00:01:19,986 --> 00:01:22,319
我们在理论上讨论了八年

46
00:01:22,706 --> 00:01:25,198
我们花了很多时间问自己一个问题

47
00:01:25,506 --> 00:01:28,159
一张沙发到底是干什么用的

48
00:01:28,792 --> 00:01:29,591
八年

49
00:01:30,426 --> 00:01:31,019
所以你看

50
00:01:31,346 --> 00:01:32,825
那个空荡荡的客厅

51
00:01:32,825 --> 00:01:35,239
可能根本不是因为他放下了什么

52
00:01:35,441 --> 00:01:35,795
哈喽

53
00:01:36,081 --> 00:01:36,554
大家好

54
00:01:36,881 --> 00:01:37,935
我是王利杰

55
00:01:38,361 --> 00:01:40,575
前几天我收到一位朋友的来信

56
00:01:40,962 --> 00:01:43,855
他说他跟着我的网站听完了两个系列

57
00:01:43,881 --> 00:01:44,974
听得很过瘾

58
00:01:45,202 --> 00:01:46,655
然后他提了一个问题

59
00:01:47,122 --> 00:01:49,000
他想让我用佛学的角度

60
00:01:49,001 --> 00:01:51,175
讲一讲 极简主义 这本书

61
00:01:51,482 --> 00:01:54,215
他还问了两件他一直想不通的事

62
00:01:54,730 --> 00:01:57,329
为什么乔布斯这些人禅修之后

63
00:01:57,329 --> 00:01:58,802
会特别推崇极简

64
00:01:59,370 --> 00:02:02,282
为什么这股风在欧美和日本刮得这么大

65
00:02:02,889 --> 00:02:07,463
他说他总觉得这跟大脑里那个默认模式网络有关系

66
00:02:07,529 --> 00:02:08,982
但是他讲不清楚

67
00:02:09,169 --> 00:02:11,062
这封信我读了两遍

68
00:02:11,290 --> 00:02:12,602
我觉得他问得特别好

69
00:02:13,049 --> 00:02:14,008
好就好在

70
00:02:14,010 --> 00:02:16,143
这其实是三件不同的事

71
00:02:16,209 --> 00:02:18,822
被我们习惯性地捆在了一起

72
00:02:19,010 --> 00:02:21,328
今天我想把这三根绳子

73
00:02:21,329 --> 00:02:22,903
一根一根解开

74
00:02:23,816 --> 00:02:25,229
先说这本书本身

75
00:02:25,776 --> 00:02:28,109
极简主义 的作者是两个美国人

76
00:02:28,295 --> 00:02:30,869
一个叫约书亚 菲尔茨 米尔本

77
00:02:31,056 --> 00:02:33,508
一个叫瑞安 尼科迪默斯

78
00:02:33,776 --> 00:02:34,808
他们不是哲学家

79
00:02:35,056 --> 00:02:36,188
也不是僧人

80
00:02:36,336 --> 00:02:39,229
他们是两个在电信公司上班的年轻人

81
00:02:39,615 --> 00:02:41,628
米尔本当时是运营总监

82
00:02:41,776 --> 00:02:44,229
手下管着一百五十家零售门店

83
00:02:44,496 --> 00:02:45,248
二零一一年

84
00:02:45,536 --> 00:02:47,134
公司交给他一个任务

85
00:02:47,135 --> 00:02:48,588
让他做一份方案

86
00:02:48,656 --> 00:02:49,528
关掉八家店

87
00:02:49,855 --> 00:02:51,269
裁掉四十一个人

88
00:02:51,536 --> 00:02:52,769
他做完了那份方案

89
00:02:53,015 --> 00:02:54,588
然后辞职了

90
00:02:54,895 --> 00:02:57,669
尼科迪默斯是做销售和市场的

91
00:02:57,816 --> 00:02:58,369
同一年

92
00:02:58,615 --> 00:03:00,229
他自己被裁掉了

93
00:03:01,056 --> 00:03:01,968
两个人辞了职

94
00:03:02,216 --> 00:03:03,229
写了一本书

95
00:03:03,415 --> 00:03:04,769
书名叫 极简主义

96
00:03:05,135 --> 00:03:07,709
副标题是活出生命的意义

97
00:03:08,254 --> 00:03:09,207
书里有一件事

98
00:03:09,455 --> 00:03:10,908
我觉得写得特别好

99
00:03:11,015 --> 00:03:13,068
他们管它叫打包派对

100
00:03:13,575 --> 00:03:15,228
尼科迪默斯的做法是

101
00:03:15,335 --> 00:03:16,827
把家里所有的东西

102
00:03:17,055 --> 00:03:18,587
全部装进箱子

103
00:03:18,974 --> 00:03:19,827
所有的

104
00:03:20,214 --> 00:03:22,927
衣服 锅碗 毛巾 电器

105
00:03:23,254 --> 00:03:26,508
电视 相框 画 洗漱用品

106
00:03:26,575 --> 00:03:27,908
连家具都装

107
00:03:28,295 --> 00:03:30,087
装完了他就照常过日子

108
00:03:30,534 --> 00:03:31,373
需要什么

109
00:03:31,374 --> 00:03:33,468
就从箱子里拆什么出来

110
00:03:33,854 --> 00:03:34,848
三个星期以后

111
00:03:35,055 --> 00:03:36,188
他数了一下

112
00:03:36,455 --> 00:03:39,333
百分之八十的东西还封在箱子里

113
00:03:39,335 --> 00:03:41,388
一次都没有被拆开过

114
00:03:41,694 --> 00:03:42,008
他说

115
00:03:42,455 --> 00:03:43,688
它们就在那儿放着

116
00:03:43,934 --> 00:03:44,987
没人碰过

117
00:03:45,991 --> 00:03:48,724
我认为这个实验的价值是真实的

118
00:03:49,111 --> 00:03:50,965
它做了一件很朴素的事

119
00:03:51,271 --> 00:03:54,404
它让一个人第一次看见自己拥有的东西

120
00:03:54,912 --> 00:03:56,805
我们平时是看不见的

121
00:03:57,072 --> 00:03:58,991
一个东西放在家里三年

122
00:03:58,991 --> 00:04:00,324
它就变成了背景

123
00:04:00,391 --> 00:04:01,965
变成了墙的一部分

124
00:04:02,271 --> 00:04:04,245
你不会再意识到它的存在

125
00:04:04,352 --> 00:04:06,724
也就不会去问它为什么在这儿

126
00:04:07,032 --> 00:04:08,444
打包派对干的事

127
00:04:08,472 --> 00:04:11,004
就是把背景重新变回前景

128
00:04:11,312 --> 00:04:13,805
这个动作在佛学里也很熟悉

129
00:04:14,192 --> 00:04:14,664
看见

130
00:04:14,991 --> 00:04:16,284
永远是第一步

131
00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:19,153
所以这本书有它的功劳

132
00:04:19,399 --> 00:04:20,572
我不想抹掉

133
00:04:20,759 --> 00:04:21,473
但是接下来

134
00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:23,572
我想说说它停在了哪里

135
00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:25,572
你注意这本书的副标题

136
00:04:25,759 --> 00:04:27,413
活出生命的意义

137
00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:29,113
这个结构是这样的

138
00:04:29,639 --> 00:04:31,252
减法是手段

139
00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:33,613
有意义的人生是目的

140
00:04:33,759 --> 00:04:36,173
我第一次觉得这里有点不对劲

141
00:04:36,319 --> 00:04:39,132
是看到极简圈子里流传的一个数字

142
00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,533
有人把自己的全部家当数到了一百件

143
00:04:42,759 --> 00:04:44,932
有人数到了两百八十八件

144
00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:47,692
然后他们把这个数字发到网上

145
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:49,452
我看到那个数字的时候

146
00:04:49,519 --> 00:04:50,892
心里咯噔了一下

147
00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:55,012
因为数东西数到剩下两百八十八件

148
00:04:55,079 --> 00:04:57,293
和数存款数到八位数

149
00:04:57,319 --> 00:04:59,012
用的是同一个计数器

150
00:04:59,399 --> 00:05:00,918
指针的方向反了

151
00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:03,132
可是那台机器一点都没变

152
00:05:03,898 --> 00:05:05,050
这台机器是什么

153
00:05:05,417 --> 00:05:06,790
佛学里有说法

154
00:05:06,898 --> 00:05:08,670
我先不着急说名字

155
00:05:08,937 --> 00:05:10,710
你可能也有过这样的时候

156
00:05:10,898 --> 00:05:11,970
你换了一份工作

157
00:05:12,338 --> 00:05:13,631
换了一座城市

158
00:05:13,698 --> 00:05:14,991
换了一段关系

159
00:05:15,218 --> 00:05:16,991
本来以为换掉的是问题

160
00:05:17,297 --> 00:05:18,790
过了半年你发现

161
00:05:18,898 --> 00:05:21,230
那个熟悉的憋屈感又回来了

162
00:05:21,258 --> 00:05:23,230
只是换了一件新衣服

163
00:05:23,497 --> 00:05:24,751
换掉的是境

164
00:05:24,977 --> 00:05:27,951
没换掉的是那颗执着于换的心

165
00:05:28,338 --> 00:05:30,910
佛学管这颗心叫我执

166
00:05:31,538 --> 00:05:36,016
管那台不停运转 不停给一切贴上我的标签的机器

167
00:05:36,018 --> 00:05:37,310
叫末那识

168
00:05:37,538 --> 00:05:39,191
它的工作只有一件

169
00:05:39,257 --> 00:05:41,031
不停地确认我是谁

170
00:05:41,338 --> 00:05:42,410
你给它什么材料

171
00:05:42,497 --> 00:05:43,711
它都能加工

172
00:05:43,898 --> 00:05:45,656
你给它房子和车子

173
00:05:45,658 --> 00:05:47,550
它做出一个我很成功

174
00:05:47,697 --> 00:05:49,297
你给它一百件家当

175
00:05:49,297 --> 00:05:51,391
它就做出一个我很清醒

176
00:05:51,578 --> 00:05:52,531
它不在乎方向

177
00:05:52,778 --> 00:05:54,511
它只在乎有活干

178
00:05:55,225 --> 00:05:57,384
所以一个人把家清空了

179
00:05:57,386 --> 00:05:59,625
然后开始在心里默默地觉得

180
00:05:59,625 --> 00:06:02,358
自己比楼下的邻居活得明白

181
00:06:02,745 --> 00:06:03,259
那一刻

182
00:06:03,625 --> 00:06:05,144
他离放下的距离

183
00:06:05,146 --> 00:06:07,559
和他清空之前是一样的

184
00:06:08,346 --> 00:06:09,879
甚至更远一点

185
00:06:10,225 --> 00:06:12,519
因为原来那个想要更多的心

186
00:06:12,545 --> 00:06:14,678
好歹还是明目张胆的

187
00:06:15,185 --> 00:06:16,019
现在这一个

188
00:06:16,305 --> 00:06:17,904
穿上了素色的衣服

189
00:06:17,906 --> 00:06:20,238
这本书停在了少拥有

190
00:06:20,745 --> 00:06:23,199
佛学要往前再走一步

191
00:06:23,346 --> 00:06:26,358
走到看清楚你为什么要

192
00:06:26,865 --> 00:06:28,338
这两件事长得像

193
00:06:28,625 --> 00:06:29,999
但不是一回事

194
00:06:30,711 --> 00:06:32,803
现在我们回到乔布斯

195
00:06:33,231 --> 00:06:35,149
他跟禅的关系是真的

196
00:06:35,151 --> 00:06:36,644
不是包装出来的

197
00:06:36,950 --> 00:06:39,524
大概是一九七四 七五年

198
00:06:39,670 --> 00:06:43,004
他在加州洛斯阿尔托斯的一间禅堂里打坐

199
00:06:43,391 --> 00:06:46,243
那间禅堂的住持叫乙川弘文

200
00:06:46,471 --> 00:06:47,723
日本新潟人

201
00:06:47,831 --> 00:06:48,904
曹洞宗的僧人

202
00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:50,483
十二岁出家

203
00:06:50,510 --> 00:06:52,844
在永平寺受过完整的训练

204
00:06:52,870 --> 00:06:54,283
后来去了美国

205
00:06:54,510 --> 00:06:56,884
这段关系维持了大概二十年

206
00:06:57,070 --> 00:06:59,204
一九九一年乔布斯结婚

207
00:06:59,310 --> 00:07:01,084
婚礼办在优胜美地

208
00:07:01,151 --> 00:07:03,084
来的人只有五十个左右

209
00:07:03,110 --> 00:07:05,404
主持仪式的就是乙川弘文

210
00:07:05,550 --> 00:07:06,223
他敲磬

211
00:07:06,550 --> 00:07:07,283
燃香

212
00:07:08,310 --> 00:07:10,230
后来乔布斯离开苹果

213
00:07:10,230 --> 00:07:12,283
另外创办了一家电脑公司

214
00:07:12,591 --> 00:07:13,589
有好几年

215
00:07:13,591 --> 00:07:15,884
乙川是这家公司的精神顾问

216
00:07:16,110 --> 00:07:18,363
他们反复谈的是同一个问题

217
00:07:18,750 --> 00:07:21,230
一个人怎么在做生意的同时

218
00:07:21,230 --> 00:07:23,363
还保住自己的精神生活

219
00:07:23,711 --> 00:07:25,324
他甚至认真考虑过

220
00:07:25,351 --> 00:07:27,324
去日本的永平寺出家

221
00:07:27,791 --> 00:07:29,483
是乙川劝住了他

222
00:07:29,750 --> 00:07:30,543
乙川告诉他

223
00:07:30,870 --> 00:07:32,509
你可以一边做生意

224
00:07:32,510 --> 00:07:33,884
一边保持修行

225
00:07:34,310 --> 00:07:37,343
他手边一直有一本书叫 禅者的初心

226
00:07:37,750 --> 00:07:39,243
是铃木俊隆写的

227
00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:41,243
他早年的室友回忆说

228
00:07:41,310 --> 00:07:43,363
史蒂夫最爱的就是这本

229
00:07:44,031 --> 00:07:44,983
所以这个人

230
00:07:45,271 --> 00:07:46,923
确确实实修过禅

231
00:07:47,031 --> 00:07:49,803
也确确实实住在一个空房子里

232
00:07:50,801 --> 00:07:54,054
于是所有人得出了那个顺理成章的结论

233
00:07:54,482 --> 00:07:56,135
禅让他变得极简

234
00:07:56,602 --> 00:07:59,335
但我想请你重新看一眼那台洗衣机

235
00:07:59,402 --> 00:08:00,974
还有那八年的沙发

236
00:08:01,241 --> 00:08:03,034
乔布斯的父亲是个手艺人

237
00:08:03,482 --> 00:08:04,200
养父

238
00:08:04,201 --> 00:08:05,095
叫保罗

239
00:08:05,561 --> 00:08:07,200
他教过乔布斯一句话

240
00:08:07,201 --> 00:08:08,854
乔布斯讲了一辈子

241
00:08:09,042 --> 00:08:09,395
他说

242
00:08:09,761 --> 00:08:11,054
你做一道栅栏

243
00:08:11,082 --> 00:08:12,775
背面没有人会看见

244
00:08:12,881 --> 00:08:15,695
可你也得把它做得跟正面一样好看

245
00:08:16,162 --> 00:08:17,515
后来乔布斯做电脑

246
00:08:17,842 --> 00:08:19,054
工程师跟他说

247
00:08:19,121 --> 00:08:21,041
电路板装在机箱里面

248
00:08:21,042 --> 00:08:22,195
用户根本看不见

249
00:08:22,402 --> 00:08:23,895
不用管它好不好看

250
00:08:24,162 --> 00:08:25,054
他不同意

251
00:08:25,402 --> 00:08:26,195
他的原话是

252
00:08:26,441 --> 00:08:28,441
我要它尽可能地漂亮

253
00:08:28,441 --> 00:08:30,494
哪怕它是在盒子里面

254
00:08:31,402 --> 00:08:32,481
一个好木匠

255
00:08:32,482 --> 00:08:35,200
不会因为柜子的背板没人看得见

256
00:08:35,201 --> 00:08:36,934
就用一块差木头

257
00:08:37,351 --> 00:08:39,483
你把这两件事放在一起看

258
00:08:39,591 --> 00:08:41,644
那个空房子的谜就解开了

259
00:08:42,111 --> 00:08:43,323
他要的不是少

260
00:08:43,790 --> 00:08:45,684
他要的是每一件都对

261
00:08:46,231 --> 00:08:48,323
他找不到一张对的沙发

262
00:08:48,430 --> 00:08:50,284
所以他八年没有沙发

263
00:08:50,631 --> 00:08:52,764
他挑不出一台对的洗衣机

264
00:08:52,991 --> 00:08:56,123
所以全家在饭桌上讨论了两个星期

265
00:08:56,670 --> 00:08:58,684
他的家之所以是空的

266
00:08:58,751 --> 00:09:00,924
不是因为他对物没有执着

267
00:09:01,070 --> 00:09:05,243
恰恰是因为他对物的要求高到了近乎苛刻的地步

268
00:09:05,871 --> 00:09:06,064
空

269
00:09:06,471 --> 00:09:08,723
是他极高标准的副产品

270
00:09:08,831 --> 00:09:10,644
不是他修行的成果

271
00:09:10,910 --> 00:09:14,564
这是我今天最想跟你说清楚的一条分界线

272
00:09:15,190 --> 00:09:15,384
少

273
00:09:15,910 --> 00:09:17,024
可以来自放下

274
00:09:17,471 --> 00:09:19,044
也可以来自挑剔

275
00:09:19,871 --> 00:09:20,583
从外面看

276
00:09:20,910 --> 00:09:22,924
两个空房子长得一模一样

277
00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:23,703
从里面看

278
00:09:24,030 --> 00:09:25,390
一个是松开的手

279
00:09:25,391 --> 00:09:27,123
一个是攥得更紧的手

280
00:09:27,503 --> 00:09:28,337
还有一件事

281
00:09:28,784 --> 00:09:30,717
说出来可能有点煞风景

282
00:09:30,824 --> 00:09:32,237
但我觉得应该说

283
00:09:32,503 --> 00:09:34,517
就在他打坐的那些年里

284
00:09:34,544 --> 00:09:37,556
他把车常年停在残疾人车位上

285
00:09:37,824 --> 00:09:40,137
苹果的一位高管在旁边说过一句

286
00:09:40,503 --> 00:09:40,997
说

287
00:09:41,103 --> 00:09:42,276
我以前不知道

288
00:09:42,344 --> 00:09:45,837
原来那些车位是留给情绪上有残疾的人的

289
00:09:46,103 --> 00:09:48,757
一九七八年他的女儿丽萨出生

290
00:09:48,983 --> 00:09:50,357
他否认了很久

291
00:09:50,503 --> 00:09:53,676
亲子鉴定的结果是百分之九十四点四一

292
00:09:53,824 --> 00:09:54,997
他还在辩解

293
00:09:55,064 --> 00:09:57,463
说全美国有百分之二十八的男人

294
00:09:57,464 --> 00:09:59,357
都可能是这个孩子的父亲

295
00:09:59,584 --> 00:10:01,717
我说这些不是为了审判他

296
00:10:02,344 --> 00:10:03,676
他是个了不起的人

297
00:10:03,743 --> 00:10:06,556
改变了我们今天每个人手里拿着的东西

298
00:10:07,064 --> 00:10:09,597
我说这些只是想指出一个事实

299
00:10:09,983 --> 00:10:10,896
禅修二十年

300
00:10:11,223 --> 00:10:12,556
住在空房子里

301
00:10:12,584 --> 00:10:16,916
这两件事都没有自动带来对身边人的基本尊重

302
00:10:17,771 --> 00:10:20,305
有一位写科技的作者叫西尔伯曼

303
00:10:20,411 --> 00:10:21,690
他评论过一句

304
00:10:21,691 --> 00:10:22,704
我觉得很准

305
00:10:22,978 --> 00:10:23,777
他说

306
00:10:23,852 --> 00:10:26,665
乔布斯绕过了佛教里最核心的那一条

307
00:10:26,852 --> 00:10:28,504
对你身边的每一个人

308
00:10:28,571 --> 00:10:30,210
哪怕是你认为的敌人

309
00:10:30,212 --> 00:10:32,025
都保持基本的尊重

310
00:10:32,651 --> 00:10:34,145
修行不是收纳

311
00:10:34,531 --> 00:10:35,204
房间的空

312
00:10:35,612 --> 00:10:36,624
和心的空

313
00:10:36,771 --> 00:10:38,210
中间隔着的距离

314
00:10:38,212 --> 00:10:40,344
可能比我们想象的要远得多

315
00:10:41,065 --> 00:10:41,258
好

316
00:10:41,744 --> 00:10:43,957
现在说那位朋友的第二个问题

317
00:10:44,784 --> 00:10:47,998
为什么这股风在日本和欧美刮得这么大

318
00:10:48,504 --> 00:10:49,337
我的看法是

319
00:10:49,664 --> 00:10:51,278
这其实是两股风

320
00:10:51,544 --> 00:10:52,998
方向完全不同

321
00:10:53,225 --> 00:10:54,297
只是我们站得远

322
00:10:54,544 --> 00:10:55,557
看成了一股

323
00:10:56,144 --> 00:10:57,118
先说日本

324
00:10:57,504 --> 00:10:59,437
有一个说法流传很广

325
00:10:59,705 --> 00:11:04,037
说二零一一年的东日本大地震让日本人开始扔东西

326
00:11:04,305 --> 00:11:05,917
于是有了断舍离

327
00:11:06,305 --> 00:11:07,778
这个说法听着通顺

328
00:11:08,105 --> 00:11:09,677
可是时间对不上

329
00:11:10,144 --> 00:11:12,837
山下英子那本讲断舍离的书

330
00:11:12,904 --> 00:11:14,797
是二零零九年出版的

331
00:11:14,985 --> 00:11:18,518
二零一零年就入围了日本那一年的流行语

332
00:11:18,904 --> 00:11:21,158
地震是二零一一年三月

333
00:11:22,065 --> 00:11:22,738
也就是说

334
00:11:23,105 --> 00:11:24,557
断舍离火起来

335
00:11:24,585 --> 00:11:26,518
比地震早了整整两年

336
00:11:27,091 --> 00:11:28,465
我让人查了一圈

337
00:11:28,492 --> 00:11:30,730
也没有找到哪一份研究

338
00:11:30,732 --> 00:11:34,744
能证明地震和这股风潮之间有因果关系

339
00:11:35,372 --> 00:11:37,185
所以更准确的说法是

340
00:11:37,252 --> 00:11:39,224
地震是一个催化剂

341
00:11:39,331 --> 00:11:40,425
不是起因

342
00:11:41,211 --> 00:11:44,144
有意思的是佐佐木典士给出的理由

343
00:11:44,252 --> 00:11:45,344
特别实在

344
00:11:45,851 --> 00:11:46,205
他说

345
00:11:46,612 --> 00:11:48,144
地震里受伤的人

346
00:11:48,211 --> 00:11:53,024
有三到五成是被倒下来 掉下来的东西砸的

347
00:11:53,652 --> 00:11:54,884
这是他自己的说法

348
00:11:55,132 --> 00:11:56,384
不是统计数据

349
00:11:56,772 --> 00:11:58,124
但你听得出那个逻辑

350
00:11:58,571 --> 00:11:59,425
在日本

351
00:11:59,532 --> 00:12:02,585
少放东西首先是个安全问题

352
00:12:02,991 --> 00:12:05,364
而日本这股风真正的底子

353
00:12:05,512 --> 00:12:07,605
我认为在更早的地方

354
00:12:07,991 --> 00:12:09,284
在茶室里

355
00:12:09,752 --> 00:12:10,585
一间茶室

356
00:12:11,032 --> 00:12:11,585
四叠半

357
00:12:12,071 --> 00:12:13,325
墙上一幅字

358
00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:14,305
地上一盆花

359
00:12:14,831 --> 00:12:16,205
别的什么都没有

360
00:12:16,351 --> 00:12:18,325
你走进去的第一感觉是

361
00:12:18,432 --> 00:12:19,884
这里少了很多东西

362
00:12:20,471 --> 00:12:22,485
但是茶道的人不这么看

363
00:12:22,831 --> 00:12:23,911
他们看的是

364
00:12:23,912 --> 00:12:26,524
那片空白本身也是一件东西

365
00:12:27,191 --> 00:12:28,845
留白不是没有摆

366
00:12:29,191 --> 00:12:31,004
留白是摆了一个空

367
00:12:31,591 --> 00:12:32,924
这是一种审美

368
00:12:33,191 --> 00:12:36,965
是一种把没有也当成内容来经营的能力

369
00:12:37,351 --> 00:12:39,065
它跟我要减少我的物欲

370
00:12:39,432 --> 00:12:40,445
是两码事

371
00:12:41,332 --> 00:12:42,745
再说欧美这一股

372
00:12:43,172 --> 00:12:44,505
时间线很清楚

373
00:12:44,932 --> 00:12:46,505
二零零八年金融危机

374
00:12:46,932 --> 00:12:49,505
二零一零年那两个人开了博客

375
00:12:49,973 --> 00:12:51,946
二零一一年他们辞职

376
00:12:52,493 --> 00:12:55,946
二零一四年近藤麻理惠的书出了英文版

377
00:12:56,412 --> 00:12:59,865
二零一六年那部叫 极简主义 的纪录片上线

378
00:13:00,452 --> 00:13:01,931
一场大萧条之后

379
00:13:01,932 --> 00:13:04,186
人们开始怀疑拥有这件事

380
00:13:04,292 --> 00:13:05,585
这是很自然的

381
00:13:05,983 --> 00:13:07,636
但是这里有一个发现

382
00:13:07,703 --> 00:13:10,156
我觉得那位写信的朋友会感兴趣

383
00:13:10,422 --> 00:13:13,595
有一位学者叫柯里德-霍尔基特

384
00:13:13,782 --> 00:13:16,142
她在二零一七年提出一个概念

385
00:13:16,142 --> 00:13:17,555
叫志向阶层

386
00:13:17,782 --> 00:13:18,136
她说

387
00:13:18,463 --> 00:13:20,116
今天的高学历人群

388
00:13:20,142 --> 00:13:24,156
已经不太靠买大房子 买名车来标记自己了

389
00:13:24,343 --> 00:13:26,276
他们转向了另一种消费

390
00:13:26,422 --> 00:13:28,715
她管这个叫不显眼的消费

391
00:13:29,063 --> 00:13:29,975
花在教育上

392
00:13:30,343 --> 00:13:31,916
花在有机食品上

393
00:13:31,943 --> 00:13:32,896
花在瑜伽上

394
00:13:33,262 --> 00:13:34,996
花在听什么播客上

395
00:13:35,262 --> 00:13:37,475
她有一句话说得很锋利

396
00:13:37,628 --> 00:13:38,429
她说

397
00:13:38,502 --> 00:13:42,516
在农夫市集上买的一颗两美元的传家宝番茄

398
00:13:42,743 --> 00:13:44,061
它的象征分量

399
00:13:44,063 --> 00:13:46,435
比一辆白色的路虎还要重

400
00:13:46,990 --> 00:13:48,043
二零二二年

401
00:13:48,110 --> 00:13:51,083
消费者研究学刊 上发表了一项研究

402
00:13:51,309 --> 00:13:53,203
两位学者做了一套量表

403
00:13:53,230 --> 00:13:55,362
专门测量一个人有多极简

404
00:13:55,589 --> 00:13:58,323
数据里有一个微弱但稳定的相关

405
00:13:58,469 --> 00:13:59,988
童年家境越好的人

406
00:13:59,990 --> 00:14:02,122
极简的分数略微高一点

407
00:14:02,350 --> 00:14:03,583
作者自己很谨慎

408
00:14:03,829 --> 00:14:05,522
只是由此猜了一句

409
00:14:05,630 --> 00:14:07,583
可能是先有物质上的丰裕

410
00:14:07,870 --> 00:14:08,923
才有极简

411
00:14:09,150 --> 00:14:10,828
还有一位学者迈斯纳

412
00:14:10,829 --> 00:14:12,722
二零一九年写过一句话

413
00:14:12,789 --> 00:14:15,722
我想把它当成今天这期的一个注脚

414
00:14:15,856 --> 00:14:16,655
他说

415
00:14:16,750 --> 00:14:20,323
生活方式极简的这套叙事是自相矛盾的

416
00:14:20,350 --> 00:14:22,828
它一边在抵抗增长的文化

417
00:14:22,829 --> 00:14:24,522
一边又在助长它

418
00:14:25,309 --> 00:14:28,482
我还看到一位美国作者写过一句更扎心的

419
00:14:28,589 --> 00:14:28,943
她说

420
00:14:29,429 --> 00:14:31,722
对那些正在挣扎的美国人来说

421
00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:34,602
极简的生活是一种经济上的必需

422
00:14:34,669 --> 00:14:36,722
不是一种生活方式的选择

423
00:14:37,576 --> 00:14:39,469
你把这几句话放在一起

424
00:14:39,537 --> 00:14:41,710
那股欧美的风就清楚了

425
00:14:42,096 --> 00:14:43,509
它有真诚的部分

426
00:14:43,576 --> 00:14:45,389
是对过度消费的反省

427
00:14:45,576 --> 00:14:47,389
这一点我完全承认

428
00:14:47,737 --> 00:14:49,469
但它也有另外一部分

429
00:14:49,897 --> 00:14:51,310
炫耀的内容变了

430
00:14:51,657 --> 00:14:53,749
原来炫耀的是我有什么

431
00:14:54,017 --> 00:14:56,550
现在炫耀的是我不需要什么

432
00:14:57,056 --> 00:14:58,830
前者是明着的贪

433
00:14:59,296 --> 00:15:01,830
后者是穿了素色衣服的贪

434
00:15:02,377 --> 00:15:05,389
我不是说每一个学极简的人都在炫耀

435
00:15:05,737 --> 00:15:06,550
我是说

436
00:15:06,576 --> 00:15:10,190
那台机器不会因为你换了一条赛道就停下来

437
00:15:10,497 --> 00:15:12,109
它会跟着你换赛道

438
00:15:12,894 --> 00:15:13,287
最后

439
00:15:13,614 --> 00:15:15,748
说那位朋友最在意的那件事

440
00:15:15,855 --> 00:15:17,268
默认模式网络

441
00:15:17,654 --> 00:15:18,707
先说结论

442
00:15:19,095 --> 00:15:21,108
他的直觉方向是对的

443
00:15:21,254 --> 00:15:23,028
但是中间少了一环

444
00:15:23,294 --> 00:15:25,947
而那一环恰恰是最关键的

445
00:15:26,494 --> 00:15:28,587
我们的大脑里有一套系统

446
00:15:28,774 --> 00:15:31,587
你什么正事都不干 发呆走神的时候

447
00:15:31,654 --> 00:15:32,908
它反而最忙

448
00:15:33,374 --> 00:15:34,287
它在忙什么呢

449
00:15:34,855 --> 00:15:37,148
它在讲一个关于我的故事

450
00:15:37,494 --> 00:15:38,488
我过去怎么样

451
00:15:38,855 --> 00:15:40,427
我将来该怎么办

452
00:15:40,614 --> 00:15:42,988
刚才那个人那句话到底什么意思

453
00:15:43,215 --> 00:15:44,748
他是不是看不起我

454
00:15:45,134 --> 00:15:45,847
这套系统

455
00:15:46,175 --> 00:15:48,053
科学家给它起了个名字

456
00:15:48,055 --> 00:15:49,947
叫默认模式网络

457
00:15:50,335 --> 00:15:52,854
这个名字我们频道讲过好几次了

458
00:15:52,855 --> 00:15:54,228
今天我不重复

459
00:15:54,935 --> 00:15:56,707
我想说的是它的边界

460
00:15:57,694 --> 00:15:59,707
我专门让人查了一圈文献

461
00:16:00,095 --> 00:16:01,048
到今天为止

462
00:16:01,414 --> 00:16:03,107
没有任何一项研究

463
00:16:03,174 --> 00:16:05,707
直接检验过把房间清空

464
00:16:05,774 --> 00:16:08,508
会不会改变默认模式网络的活动

465
00:16:08,894 --> 00:16:10,028
一项都没有

466
00:16:10,294 --> 00:16:13,947
网上那些把极简和这个脑网络连起来的文章

467
00:16:14,174 --> 00:16:15,548
全都是推论

468
00:16:15,694 --> 00:16:18,107
没有一篇拿得出原始研究

469
00:16:18,615 --> 00:16:20,548
我说这个不是为了扫兴

470
00:16:20,894 --> 00:16:21,768
我反而觉得

471
00:16:21,975 --> 00:16:23,587
把话说到这个份上

472
00:16:23,615 --> 00:16:25,308
事情才开始有意思

473
00:16:25,735 --> 00:16:28,014
因为我们手里真正有的证据

474
00:16:28,015 --> 00:16:29,227
是另外两样

475
00:16:29,671 --> 00:16:30,470
第一样

476
00:16:30,604 --> 00:16:33,297
是二零一一年布鲁尔团队的研究

477
00:16:33,805 --> 00:16:34,724
他们发现

478
00:16:34,724 --> 00:16:37,057
有经验的冥想者在打坐的时候

479
00:16:37,165 --> 00:16:39,817
大脑里一个叫后扣带回的地方

480
00:16:39,844 --> 00:16:41,338
活动比新手低

481
00:16:42,085 --> 00:16:43,937
这是一项很重要的研究

482
00:16:44,004 --> 00:16:45,937
但是它的边界要说清楚

483
00:16:46,364 --> 00:16:47,878
一共只有二十四个人

484
00:16:48,285 --> 00:16:49,537
一半一半

485
00:16:50,165 --> 00:16:51,998
作者自己在论文里就写了

486
00:16:52,325 --> 00:16:53,618
样本偏小

487
00:16:53,724 --> 00:16:56,458
容易出现被放大的阳性结果

488
00:16:56,764 --> 00:16:58,118
而且这是相关

489
00:16:58,565 --> 00:16:59,578
不是因果

490
00:16:59,964 --> 00:17:02,697
不能说冥想让那个区域安静了

491
00:17:02,844 --> 00:17:03,358
只能说

492
00:17:03,764 --> 00:17:05,978
冥想的经验和它的安静

493
00:17:06,045 --> 00:17:07,578
是一起出现的

494
00:17:08,451 --> 00:17:09,252
第二样

495
00:17:09,306 --> 00:17:13,038
是二零一零年加州大学洛杉矶分校的一项研究

496
00:17:13,665 --> 00:17:15,219
三十对双职工夫妻

497
00:17:15,705 --> 00:17:16,919
一共六十个人

498
00:17:17,026 --> 00:17:19,639
用摄像机把自己的家拍一遍

499
00:17:19,705 --> 00:17:20,838
边拍边讲

500
00:17:21,226 --> 00:17:23,719
研究者不去测房子到底有多乱

501
00:17:23,905 --> 00:17:26,719
他们分析的是这些人说话时用的词

502
00:17:27,226 --> 00:17:30,719
用杂乱 还没弄完这一类词多的人

503
00:17:30,865 --> 00:17:33,598
接下来三天的皮质醇节律更平

504
00:17:33,905 --> 00:17:37,399
那是一个跟健康不太好的状态相关的模式

505
00:17:37,865 --> 00:17:40,118
但这项研究也有三条边界

506
00:17:40,145 --> 00:17:41,318
我得说清楚

507
00:17:41,746 --> 00:17:44,318
这个效应主要出现在女性身上

508
00:17:44,746 --> 00:17:47,038
测的是你怎么谈论你的家

509
00:17:47,145 --> 00:17:49,239
不是房子客观上有多乱

510
00:17:50,066 --> 00:17:51,699
而且同样是相关

511
00:17:51,986 --> 00:17:52,959
不是因果

512
00:17:53,729 --> 00:17:55,447
把这两样放在一起

513
00:17:55,448 --> 00:17:57,381
我得到的结论是这样的

514
00:17:57,648 --> 00:17:58,442
物理上的少

515
00:17:58,809 --> 00:18:00,182
和心理上的松

516
00:18:00,289 --> 00:18:01,381
是两条线

517
00:18:01,809 --> 00:18:02,641
它们会碰头

518
00:18:02,968 --> 00:18:04,581
但它们不是同一条

519
00:18:05,009 --> 00:18:05,841
而且顺序

520
00:18:06,128 --> 00:18:08,702
很可能跟我们想的是反的

521
00:18:08,968 --> 00:18:11,541
那个讲故事的机器安静下来

522
00:18:11,648 --> 00:18:13,048
是修行的结果

523
00:18:13,049 --> 00:18:14,061
不是原因

524
00:18:14,489 --> 00:18:15,641
你把房间清空

525
00:18:15,968 --> 00:18:17,222
它不会关机

526
00:18:17,608 --> 00:18:19,861
它会开始编一个新的故事

527
00:18:20,168 --> 00:18:21,162
故事的名字叫

528
00:18:21,569 --> 00:18:23,262
我是一个极简的人

529
00:18:24,116 --> 00:18:25,229
那到底该怎么办呢

530
00:18:25,757 --> 00:18:28,209
我想回到断舍离这三个字本身

531
00:18:28,437 --> 00:18:30,516
这三个字是从瑜伽里来的

532
00:18:30,517 --> 00:18:32,769
断行 舍行 离行

533
00:18:33,076 --> 00:18:33,830
最后那个离

534
00:18:34,237 --> 00:18:36,489
原意是离开对物的执着

535
00:18:36,517 --> 00:18:37,610
不是离开物

536
00:18:37,717 --> 00:18:38,709
这个区别很小

537
00:18:38,957 --> 00:18:40,330
但它决定了方向

538
00:18:40,596 --> 00:18:42,969
你要处理的从来不是那个柜子

539
00:18:43,036 --> 00:18:44,650
是你打开柜子的时候

540
00:18:44,796 --> 00:18:46,130
心里的那一下

541
00:18:47,143 --> 00:18:48,476
再说回乔布斯

542
00:18:48,982 --> 00:18:50,595
他从禅里拿到的东西

543
00:18:50,863 --> 00:18:52,756
我认为可能真的很珍贵

544
00:18:52,942 --> 00:18:54,756
只是不是那个空房子

545
00:18:54,982 --> 00:18:56,221
他有一个能力

546
00:18:56,222 --> 00:18:59,115
是把一百件事砍到只剩下一件

547
00:18:59,462 --> 00:19:00,741
回到苹果之后

548
00:19:00,742 --> 00:19:02,915
他砍掉了绝大部分产品线

549
00:19:02,982 --> 00:19:04,195
只留下四个

550
00:19:04,303 --> 00:19:06,301
这个能力不叫极简主义

551
00:19:06,303 --> 00:19:08,595
它更接近佛学里说的定

552
00:19:08,982 --> 00:19:10,056
不是拥有得少

553
00:19:10,343 --> 00:19:11,635
是注意力不散

554
00:19:11,903 --> 00:19:14,915
一个人可以住在一间堆满东西的屋子里

555
00:19:14,982 --> 00:19:16,076
心是定的

556
00:19:16,303 --> 00:19:18,476
也可以住在一间空屋子里

557
00:19:18,502 --> 00:19:20,036
心里翻江倒海

558
00:19:21,201 --> 00:19:23,934
所以我最后想留一个问题给你

559
00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:25,154
如果有一天

560
00:19:25,521 --> 00:19:27,414
你真的把房子清空了

561
00:19:27,521 --> 00:19:29,293
东西只剩下一百件

562
00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:31,574
可是那个不安还在

563
00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:33,733
你会不会开始怀疑

564
00:19:33,761 --> 00:19:36,434
问题从一开始就不在房子里

565
00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:37,753
到那个时候

566
00:19:38,161 --> 00:19:39,240
你要扔的

567
00:19:39,241 --> 00:19:40,813
恐怕是别的东西

568
00:19:41,885 --> 00:19:42,917
你怎么看这件事

569
00:19:43,524 --> 00:19:47,038
你身边有没有那种东西堆得很多 心却很静的人

570
00:19:47,484 --> 00:19:48,238
或者反过来

571
00:19:48,484 --> 00:19:49,803
家里空空荡荡

572
00:19:49,805 --> 00:19:51,238
心却一直在跑的人

573
00:19:51,764 --> 00:19:53,937
欢迎你在评论区跟我说说

574
00:19:54,165 --> 00:19:54,838
我是王利杰

575
00:19:55,125 --> 00:19:55,962
我们下期见