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瑜伽师地论 一百卷

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只为拆透你的意识

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你有没有遇到过这样的体验

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你正在看一本书

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读着读着

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突然发现这本书不是在讲别的什么东西

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它是在讲你

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不是讲你的生活

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不是讲你的心理

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而是在讲那个正在读书的东西本身

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你的意识

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一千七百年前

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有一部论

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就做了这件事

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它不讲故事

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不做比喻

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它用一百卷的篇幅

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试图写出人类意识的完整操作手册

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从你睁眼看到光的那一瞬间

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到你闭眼入定的最深处

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再到你从凡夫到成佛的每一级台阶

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全部写进去

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这部论叫瑜伽师地论

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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如果你一直在追这个系列

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你会发现

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前面这些期我们一直在做一件事

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拆零件

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解深密经

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我们拆了三自性和阿赖耶识的偈语

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成唯识论

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我们拆了种子六义 四分说 转识成智

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就像拆一台精密仪器

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每一期拆一个核心模块

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看它的内部结构

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但今天不一样

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今天我们要往后退一步

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不看零件了

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看整张蓝图

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瑜伽师地论是唯识学最大的一部论

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没有之一

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一百卷

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如果你把它从头到尾念一遍

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不吃不喝不停

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大概需要七天

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它的篇幅是金刚经的将近两百倍

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但篇幅不是重点

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重点是它做了一件其他经论从来没做过的事

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它试图把修行这件事

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从头到尾 从底到顶

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变成一套可操作的系统工程

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你知道现在做软件开发

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有一种文档叫技术规范

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它不是给用户看的说明书

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也不是给老板看的商业计划

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它是给工程师看的

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里面写的是

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每个模块怎么运作

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模块之间怎么通信

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输入什么得到什么

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边界条件是什么

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出了异常走什么流程

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瑜伽师地论就是修行的技术规范

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它的作者

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传统上说是弥勒菩萨口述 无著记录

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我们在历史脉络系列里讲过无著的故事

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那个在山洞里苦修十二年 差点放弃的人

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你可以把弥勒想象成这个领域的首席架构师

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把无著想象成那个把架构图写成完整文档的工程师

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不管你信不信弥勒菩萨真的从兜率天下来讲法

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有一件事是确定的

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这部论的工程精度

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在整个人类思想史上几乎找不到对手

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好

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现在我们来看这张蓝图的结构

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瑜伽师地论一共分五大部分

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第一部分叫本地分

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从第一卷到第五十卷

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占了整部论的一半

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这是全论的核心

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也是我们今天要重点拆的

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第二部分叫摄决择分

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从第五十卷到八十卷

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是对本地分里那些关键概念的深度讨论

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第三部分摄释分

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只有两卷

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是名词解释

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第四部分摄异门分

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也是两卷

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是同义词表

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第五部分摄事分

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从八十五卷到一百卷

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是专题展开

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你可以把后面四个部分理解成附录

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深度讨论和技术问答

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核心就是本地分

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而本地分的结构

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叫做十七地

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十七地

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就是十七个层面 十七块拼图

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它把整个修行世界

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从感官到禅定

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从闻法到成佛

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切成了十七个精确的模块

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我们来看看这十七块拼图是怎么拼的

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前面五块

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分别叫五识身相应地 意地

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有寻有伺地 无寻唯伺地 无寻无伺地

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名字听起来很绕

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但逻辑非常清楚

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它从最底层开始

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你的五种感官

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眼耳鼻舌身

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接收到信号之后

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意识怎么开始工作

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信号进来的时候

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你的注意力在做什么

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是粗糙的分析判断

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还是微细的觉察

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还是连觉察都停了

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你可以现在就试一下

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你正在听我说话

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你的耳识在接收声音

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你的意识在跟着我的逻辑走

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这个过程中

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有粗的思维活动

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你在理解 判断 联想

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甚至你心里在说

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嗯这个我同意

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那个我不同意

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这种带着语言的思维活动

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叫有寻有伺

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寻是粗的捕捉

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伺是细的辨别

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你每天清醒的时候

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绝大部分时间都在这个状态里

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但偶尔

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比如你弹琴弹到忘我的时候

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或者你盯着一朵花看了很久突然什么也没想的时候

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粗的思维活动停了

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但还有一种微细的觉知在运作

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你知道自己在这里

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你知道花在那里

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但你没有在说任何一句关于它的话

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这叫无寻唯伺

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如果连那个微细的觉知也安静下来了

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进入一种纯净的 不被任何概念搅动的状态

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这叫无寻无伺

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大多数人一辈子

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可能只在深度禅定中才碰到过这个状态

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这不是在讲禅定境界

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虽然它跟禅定有关

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它是在描述意识本身的运作模式

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就像你描述一台电脑的处理器

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不是说它在跑什么软件

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而是说它在什么频率上工作

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接下来两块

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三摩呬多地和非三摩呬多地

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就是定中状态和非定中状态

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你的意识在禅定里是什么样的

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不在禅定里又是什么样的

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两种状态的特征 差异 转换条件

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全部写清楚

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再往下两块更有意思了

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有心地和无心地

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有心理活动的状态

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和没有心理活动的状态

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注意

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无心不是昏迷

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不是睡着了

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佛学里有一种极深的禅定状态叫灭尽定

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意识的活动完全停止了

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但生命体征还在

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这两个地描述的

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是意识活动有和无的边界条件

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前面这九个地

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从感官信号的接收 到思维活动的粗细光谱

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到禅定与非禅定的切换 再到意识活动的有无边界

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画出了意识的硬件层

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从第十个地开始

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画面切换

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闻所成地 思所成地 修所成地

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通过听闻建立的智慧

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通过思考建立的智慧

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通过实修建立的智慧

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这三个地画的是学习路径

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你怎么从听说了一个道理

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变成想通了这个道理

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最后变成在身体层面活出了这个道理

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有观众问过一个很好的问题

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为什么道理我都懂

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就是做不到

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瑜伽师地论的回答是

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因为你卡在了闻和思之间

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或者思和修之间

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举个例子

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你听我说

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愤怒的本质是种子被触发

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你听懂了

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这是闻

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然后你自己反复想

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你去回忆你上次发火是怎么回事

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你开始在自己身上验证这个说法

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你想通了

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这是思

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但是下次有人骂你的时候

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你还是秒怒

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对吧

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因为你还没有修

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修是什么

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修是你在被骂的那一瞬间

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你的身体已经开始自动做出不一样的反应了

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不是靠意志力压住

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是那个旧模式真的被改写了

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听懂了不等于想通了

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想通了不等于活出来了

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这三个地

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就是在精确定义这三级台阶之间的落差到底是什么

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以及怎么跨过去

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然后是声闻地 独觉地 菩萨地

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三条修行路径

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跟着老师学的声闻

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独自觉悟的独觉

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加上大乘的菩萨道

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瑜伽师地论没有贬低任何一条路

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它只是把三条路的入口条件

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修行内容 最终到达的目的地

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全部摊开来看

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其中菩萨地占了整整十五卷

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是本地分里最厚的一章

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无著显然认为

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这条路需要最多的说明

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为什么

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00:08:18,628 --> 00:08:20,746
因为声闻和独觉的修行

237
00:08:20,748 --> 00:08:22,361
目标相对单纯

238
00:08:22,507 --> 00:08:24,960
断掉自己的烦恼就到终点了

239
00:08:25,067 --> 00:08:26,560
但菩萨道不一样

240
00:08:26,628 --> 00:08:28,666
你不光要断自己的烦恼

241
00:08:28,668 --> 00:08:31,161
你还要在烦恼的世界里帮别人

242
00:08:31,347 --> 00:08:34,027
这就像你不光要从火场里逃出来

243
00:08:34,027 --> 00:08:37,401
你还要转身回去把其他人一个一个带出来

244
00:08:37,588 --> 00:08:40,240
所以菩萨地需要讲的东西最多

245
00:08:40,468 --> 00:08:44,080
六度怎么修 四摄怎么用 十地怎么走

246
00:08:44,108 --> 00:08:45,161
全在里面

247
00:08:45,491 --> 00:08:46,285
最后两个地

248
00:08:46,651 --> 00:08:48,824
有余依地和无余依地

249
00:08:49,131 --> 00:08:50,164
你已经证悟了

250
00:08:50,411 --> 00:08:51,505
烦恼断了

251
00:08:51,572 --> 00:08:53,084
但是你的身体还在不在

252
00:08:53,491 --> 00:08:54,485
如果身体还在

253
00:08:54,692 --> 00:08:55,570
你还活着

254
00:08:55,572 --> 00:08:58,664
还在这个世界上行走 吃饭 说话

255
00:08:58,692 --> 00:08:59,944
这叫有余依

256
00:09:00,131 --> 00:09:01,650
虽然心已经自由了

257
00:09:01,651 --> 00:09:03,224
但还依着这个身体

258
00:09:03,531 --> 00:09:05,170
等到身体也放下了

259
00:09:05,171 --> 00:09:06,810
连这个载体都不需要了

260
00:09:06,812 --> 00:09:07,944
叫无余依

261
00:09:08,411 --> 00:09:09,044
十七个地

262
00:09:09,332 --> 00:09:11,424
从五种感官的信号处理

263
00:09:11,452 --> 00:09:13,344
到最后连身体都超越

264
00:09:13,531 --> 00:09:15,005
从最粗到最细

265
00:09:15,371 --> 00:09:17,025
从最底到最顶

266
00:09:17,092 --> 00:09:18,944
全部画进了一张图里

267
00:09:19,620 --> 00:09:20,453
你发现了吗

268
00:09:21,020 --> 00:09:24,553
这十七个地不是十七个并列的主题

269
00:09:24,981 --> 00:09:26,953
它是一个完整的架构

270
00:09:27,421 --> 00:09:28,614
底层是硬件

271
00:09:28,981 --> 00:09:30,433
意识的运作模式

272
00:09:30,821 --> 00:09:32,053
中间是软件

273
00:09:32,461 --> 00:09:34,394
学习和修行的路径

274
00:09:34,900 --> 00:09:36,514
顶层是输出

275
00:09:36,620 --> 00:09:39,193
三种解脱方式和最终的涅槃

276
00:09:40,108 --> 00:09:43,141
还记得我们之前拆过的百法明门论吗

277
00:09:43,708 --> 00:09:46,801
世亲菩萨把一百个法归成五大类

278
00:09:47,067 --> 00:09:52,320
心法 心所有法 色法 心不相应行法 无为法

279
00:09:52,547 --> 00:09:55,281
那个像元素周期表一样的分类系统

280
00:09:55,348 --> 00:09:58,681
其实就是从瑜伽师地论里提炼出来的

281
00:09:58,827 --> 00:10:00,921
瑜伽师地论本地分里

282
00:10:00,947 --> 00:10:03,281
散落着几百种法的描述

283
00:10:03,468 --> 00:10:04,681
世亲做的事

284
00:10:04,708 --> 00:10:07,801
是把这些散落的零件编了一个索引

285
00:10:07,947 --> 00:10:10,240
所以百法明门论是目录

286
00:10:10,348 --> 00:10:12,281
瑜伽师地论是正文

287
00:10:13,113 --> 00:10:16,325
这就是为什么我说它是一份技术规范

288
00:10:16,792 --> 00:10:18,685
它不告诉你放下执着

289
00:10:18,792 --> 00:10:20,445
那是金刚经干的事

290
00:10:20,792 --> 00:10:22,805
它不告诉你一切唯心造

291
00:10:22,833 --> 00:10:24,445
那是华严经的视角

292
00:10:24,792 --> 00:10:25,791
它做的是

293
00:10:25,792 --> 00:10:28,825
把从凡夫到成佛这条路上的每一个路段

294
00:10:29,272 --> 00:10:32,246
每一个岔口 每一个可能出错的地方

295
00:10:32,312 --> 00:10:33,426
全部测绘出来

296
00:10:33,672 --> 00:10:34,766
贴上坐标

297
00:10:35,390 --> 00:10:37,242
但这里面有一个悖论

298
00:10:37,750 --> 00:10:39,188
这么精密的一部论

299
00:10:39,189 --> 00:10:42,982
为什么在中国佛教史上几乎被冷藏了一千多年

300
00:10:43,589 --> 00:10:46,323
玄奘法师从印度带回梵本

301
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:48,188
组织了二十多位助手

302
00:10:48,189 --> 00:10:51,122
花了将近两年时间把它翻成中文

303
00:10:51,390 --> 00:10:54,563
这是他翻译生涯中最庞大的工程

304
00:10:54,829 --> 00:10:56,082
但翻完之后

305
00:10:56,150 --> 00:11:00,082
法相宗在中国只传了两三代就衰落了

306
00:11:00,429 --> 00:11:01,862
玄奘传窥基

307
00:11:02,309 --> 00:11:03,923
窥基传慧沼

308
00:11:03,990 --> 00:11:05,602
慧沼传智周

309
00:11:05,750 --> 00:11:06,543
智周之后

310
00:11:06,949 --> 00:11:08,443
就没什么人接了

311
00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:10,188
一千两百年后

312
00:11:10,189 --> 00:11:14,629
直到清末杨仁山从日本请回散失的唯识典籍

313
00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:17,002
这部论才重新被人读到

314
00:11:17,448 --> 00:11:18,540
原因不复杂

315
00:11:19,007 --> 00:11:20,260
它太精密了

316
00:11:20,607 --> 00:11:23,140
精密到你必须用修的方式去读

317
00:11:23,408 --> 00:11:25,140
不能用想的方式去读

318
00:11:25,607 --> 00:11:28,341
一个从来没打过坐的人读瑜伽师地论

319
00:11:28,528 --> 00:11:32,180
就像一个从来没写过代码的人读操作系统内核源码

320
00:11:32,528 --> 00:11:33,886
每个字你都认识

321
00:11:33,887 --> 00:11:36,381
但拼在一起你不知道它在说什么

322
00:11:36,887 --> 00:11:37,680
门庭高峻

323
00:11:38,127 --> 00:11:40,140
这是后人对法相宗的评价

324
00:11:40,568 --> 00:11:41,560
门槛太高了

325
00:11:42,007 --> 00:11:43,366
不是知识的门槛

326
00:11:43,367 --> 00:11:44,581
是体验的门槛

327
00:11:45,172 --> 00:11:45,845
你想想看

328
00:11:46,211 --> 00:11:47,904
禅宗说不立文字

329
00:11:47,932 --> 00:11:48,985
直指人心

330
00:11:49,371 --> 00:11:50,264
多简洁

331
00:11:50,572 --> 00:11:53,544
净土宗说念一句阿弥陀佛就好

332
00:11:53,932 --> 00:11:54,784
多直接

333
00:11:55,331 --> 00:11:56,884
而瑜伽师地论跟你说

334
00:11:57,211 --> 00:11:57,691
来

335
00:11:57,692 --> 00:12:00,825
我们先把意识的运作分成十七个层面

336
00:12:00,892 --> 00:12:03,345
每个层面再切成若干子模块

337
00:12:03,412 --> 00:12:07,705
每个子模块的输入输出和边界条件我都给你标清楚

338
00:12:07,812 --> 00:12:09,085
你先看懂这张图

339
00:12:09,452 --> 00:12:10,625
然后再上路

340
00:12:11,091 --> 00:12:13,664
大多数人还没看完目录就放弃了

341
00:12:14,048 --> 00:12:16,261
但它的价值恰恰就在这里

342
00:12:16,489 --> 00:12:17,241
地图复杂

343
00:12:17,529 --> 00:12:19,021
是因为地形复杂

344
00:12:19,328 --> 00:12:21,221
意识不是一个简单的东西

345
00:12:21,529 --> 00:12:23,341
你想用三句话说完它

346
00:12:23,529 --> 00:12:24,521
要么你在偷懒

347
00:12:24,849 --> 00:12:26,261
要么你在骗人

348
00:12:26,568 --> 00:12:27,922
瑜伽师地论不偷懒

349
00:12:28,168 --> 00:12:29,182
也不骗人

350
00:12:29,409 --> 00:12:32,101
它只是如实地把你摊开来给你看

351
00:12:32,326 --> 00:12:34,938
这也是我们这个系列一直在做的事

352
00:12:35,165 --> 00:12:38,379
我们用现代语言去翻译这些古老的描述

353
00:12:38,446 --> 00:12:39,978
不是为了把它简化

354
00:12:40,086 --> 00:12:41,418
简化会失真

355
00:12:41,606 --> 00:12:43,779
而是为了给你装一个编译器

356
00:12:43,966 --> 00:12:46,885
让你能把这些一千七百年前的描述

357
00:12:46,885 --> 00:12:49,058
跟你自己的体验对上号

358
00:12:49,326 --> 00:12:50,519
你不需要懂梵文

359
00:12:50,765 --> 00:12:51,859
不需要出家

360
00:12:52,005 --> 00:12:54,379
你只需要在听到某个概念的时候

361
00:12:54,486 --> 00:12:56,178
往自己身上照一下

362
00:12:56,285 --> 00:12:59,139
看看它说的是不是你正在经历的东西

363
00:12:59,525 --> 00:13:00,119
如果是

364
00:13:00,566 --> 00:13:03,098
那一千七百年就不是距离

365
00:13:03,525 --> 00:13:04,578
它是回声

366
00:13:05,297 --> 00:13:07,151
今天我们画了全景图

367
00:13:07,417 --> 00:13:08,257
下一期

368
00:13:08,257 --> 00:13:11,271
我们会走进瑜伽师地论最实操的部分

369
00:13:11,537 --> 00:13:13,830
四寻思和五重唯识观

370
00:13:14,137 --> 00:13:16,271
那是无著留下的实修指导

371
00:13:16,378 --> 00:13:19,590
是这部论从地图变成导航的关键一步

372
00:13:20,809 --> 00:13:23,262
如果你从来没听说过瑜伽师地论

373
00:13:23,329 --> 00:13:24,223
没关系

374
00:13:24,489 --> 00:13:26,423
你今天知道了一件事就够了

375
00:13:26,770 --> 00:13:28,142
一千七百年前

376
00:13:28,329 --> 00:13:32,223
有人试图用纯文字写出意识的完整操作手册

377
00:13:32,650 --> 00:13:33,823
而且写完了

378
00:13:34,170 --> 00:13:34,723
一百卷

379
00:13:35,209 --> 00:13:36,382
十七个层面

380
00:13:36,609 --> 00:13:39,662
从你眨眼的那一瞬间到涅槃的终点

381
00:13:39,689 --> 00:13:40,782
全在里面

382
00:13:41,290 --> 00:13:42,162
这件事本身

383
00:13:42,609 --> 00:13:43,982
不管你信不信佛

384
00:13:44,170 --> 00:13:45,502
都值得你好奇

385
00:13:46,227 --> 00:13:48,721
你觉得一部一千七百年前的论

386
00:13:48,747 --> 00:13:51,420
能不能覆盖现代人的全部意识体验

387
00:13:51,948 --> 00:13:53,420
有没有什么是它漏掉的

388
00:13:53,828 --> 00:13:55,680
评论区聊聊你的想法

389
00:13:55,907 --> 00:13:56,580
我是王利杰

390
00:13:56,867 --> 00:13:57,553
我们下期见