1 00:00:00,233 --> 00:00:01,300 What is understanding? 2 00:00:01,333 --> 00:00:02,433 What is epiphany? 3 00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:04,000 Neuroscience has answers for you 4 00:00:04,566 --> 00:00:07,166 Let me start with a very common scenario 5 00:00:07,166 --> 00:00:08,166 Two people reading the same book 6 00:00:08,966 --> 00:00:10,100 After reading it alone, say 7 00:00:10,166 --> 00:00:11,366 It makes sense. 8 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:13,000 And I put the book down. 9 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:13,800 What to do 10 00:00:14,533 --> 00:00:17,500 The other person gets a page and they freeze. 11 00:00:17,533 --> 00:00:18,666 heart rate 12 00:00:18,700 --> 00:00:19,733 pupil dilation 13 00:00:19,733 --> 00:00:23,633 An electrical current runs up the base of the spine and up the top of the head. 14 00:00:23,633 --> 00:00:24,533 He puts down the book. 15 00:00:24,566 --> 00:00:25,666 Close your eyes. 16 00:00:25,700 --> 00:00:27,700 I feel as if I suddenly understand something 17 00:00:27,700 --> 00:00:29,233 Things I couldn't figure out before 18 00:00:30,066 --> 00:00:31,100 From that day on 19 00:00:31,133 --> 00:00:31,500 He has changed 20 00:00:32,066 --> 00:00:33,333 The disparity between these two people 21 00:00:33,366 --> 00:00:35,633 We usually use one word to sum it up 22 00:00:35,666 --> 00:00:36,233 comprehension 23 00:00:36,700 --> 00:00:38,266 But what is understanding? 24 00:00:38,500 --> 00:00:40,233 It's a genetic gift. 25 00:00:40,366 --> 00:00:42,600 Is another word for IQ 26 00:00:42,700 --> 00:00:44,200 Still a trainable 27 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:45,800 Capabilities that can be improved 28 00:00:45,933 --> 00:00:47,700 If understanding can be improved 29 00:00:47,700 --> 00:00:49,500 What exactly is its training method? 30 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:51,466 In today's video 31 00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:54,733 I'm going to use the latest neuroscience research from 2025 32 00:00:54,733 --> 00:00:55,666 To answer these questions 33 00:00:56,600 --> 00:01:00,833 But I'll give you a spoiler on what I'm most excited about: the scale of understanding. 34 00:01:00,833 --> 00:01:03,933 It doesn't really depend on how smart your brain is. 35 00:01:03,933 --> 00:01:06,533 It depends on how willing your brain is to be changed 36 00:01:07,233 --> 00:01:07,866 Hello 37 00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:08,566 Hello. 38 00:01:08,566 --> 00:01:09,166 I am Wang Lijie 39 00:01:09,666 --> 00:01:10,766 To understand understanding 40 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:13,133 We need to figure out the epiphany first 41 00:01:13,133 --> 00:01:15,066 What's going on inside the brain? 42 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:17,133 May 2025 43 00:01:17,133 --> 00:01:18,000 Humboldt University of Berlin 44 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:23,366 A joint cognitive neuroscience team from the University of Hamburg and Duke University 45 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:26,033 Published a very important paper in Nature Communications 46 00:01:26,700 --> 00:01:28,766 They conducted a clever experiment 47 00:01:28,800 --> 00:01:31,500 Put the participant in the MRI machine 48 00:01:31,533 --> 00:01:33,666 Looking at something called a Mooney Picture. 49 00:01:34,466 --> 00:01:35,500 This kind of picture 50 00:01:35,533 --> 00:01:39,033 It's taking the contrast of a normal photograph to the extreme. 51 00:01:39,033 --> 00:01:40,966 Into pure black and pure white color blocks 52 00:01:41,900 --> 00:01:44,700 At first glance, you look like a complete mess. 53 00:01:44,700 --> 00:01:46,200 I have no idea what this is. 54 00:01:46,633 --> 00:01:48,000 But at some point 55 00:01:48,033 --> 00:01:50,733 Your brain suddenly puts the pieces together 56 00:01:50,733 --> 00:01:52,133 You see a dog 57 00:01:52,166 --> 00:01:53,333 Or a coffee mug. 58 00:01:54,100 --> 00:01:54,966 This Moment 59 00:01:54,966 --> 00:01:56,266 It was a tiny epiphany. 60 00:01:56,933 --> 00:01:58,866 And there were three key findings. 61 00:01:59,533 --> 00:02:00,533 first 62 00:02:00,566 --> 00:02:02,066 The moment of epiphany 63 00:02:02,066 --> 00:02:04,133 The visual cortex of the participants' brains 64 00:02:04,166 --> 00:02:06,600 There was a dramatic reconfiguration of the representation. 65 00:02:06,633 --> 00:02:10,366 Their nerve cells are not fine-tuned in their original pattern 66 00:02:10,366 --> 00:02:13,066 It's a structural shift in the mode of activation. 67 00:02:13,833 --> 00:02:15,066 This is not gradual change 68 00:02:15,100 --> 00:02:15,800 Is a mutation 69 00:02:16,666 --> 00:02:18,166 Let's use an analogy. 70 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,500 What you're doing is you're not turning up the volume on the radio by one notch. 71 00:02:21,500 --> 00:02:22,933 He changed the channel. 72 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:24,400 second 73 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:26,300 While characterizing recombination 74 00:02:26,300 --> 00:02:29,466 The hippocampus and amygdala are strongly activated. 75 00:02:30,233 --> 00:02:31,833 The hippocampus is responsible for memory 76 00:02:31,833 --> 00:02:33,733 The amygdala is responsible for emotion. 77 00:02:34,066 --> 00:02:36,966 Their synchronization with the visual cortex increases dramatically 78 00:02:37,566 --> 00:02:38,600 That is to say 79 00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:39,833 During the epiphany 80 00:02:39,866 --> 00:02:40,700 cognition 81 00:02:40,700 --> 00:02:43,966 Emotion and memory all fire at the same time 82 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:45,700 They form a unified neural network 83 00:02:46,966 --> 00:02:47,666 third 84 00:02:47,666 --> 00:02:49,200 It's also the most shocking to me 85 00:02:49,533 --> 00:02:51,433 The answer through epiphany 86 00:02:51,466 --> 00:02:54,633 It lasts almost twice as long as progressive learning. 87 00:02:55,633 --> 00:02:57,566 Professor Cabeza's exact words were 88 00:02:57,566 --> 00:03:01,200 If you're learning something and you have an epiphany. 89 00:03:01,233 --> 00:03:03,366 Your memory almost doubles 90 00:03:03,366 --> 00:03:06,200 Few memory effects are more powerful than this 91 00:03:06,866 --> 00:03:08,900 Do you know what that means? 92 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,933 And that means that epiphanies are not just about feeling good. 93 00:03:11,966 --> 00:03:16,266 It physically reshapes the way your brain represents information. 94 00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:18,200 And put this new representation 95 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:19,733 Burned deep into long-term memory 96 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:20,933 OK 97 00:03:21,266 --> 00:03:22,766 Remember these three findings 98 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:25,300 Because I'm going to report the results of this experiment 99 00:03:25,300 --> 00:03:28,400 Translate into the predictive coding framework our channel has been using 100 00:03:29,333 --> 00:03:32,866 Remember what I was talking about when I was meditating? 101 00:03:32,966 --> 00:03:35,700 Your brain is not a passive receiver of information 102 00:03:35,700 --> 00:03:37,633 It's an active predictor. 103 00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:41,033 It's like the big language models today. 104 00:03:41,033 --> 00:03:45,300 It generates predictions about the world all the time from the top down 105 00:03:45,333 --> 00:03:48,866 Sensory data only returns the difference between prediction and reality 106 00:03:49,033 --> 00:03:50,066 And that's called the prediction error. 107 00:03:50,933 --> 00:03:54,233 And every prior belief has a precision weight 108 00:03:54,233 --> 00:03:56,833 How convinced is your brain of this belief? 109 00:03:56,866 --> 00:03:58,100 How high is this weight? 110 00:03:58,833 --> 00:04:00,566 Now let me ask you a question. 111 00:04:00,566 --> 00:04:02,366 In the framework of predictive coding 112 00:04:02,366 --> 00:04:04,000 What was an epiphany? 113 00:04:04,100 --> 00:04:05,700 The answer is very clear 114 00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:06,300 epiphany 115 00:04:06,333 --> 00:04:09,700 It's a massive prior belief renewal event. 116 00:04:10,233 --> 00:04:12,166 When you look at that picture of Mooney 117 00:04:12,166 --> 00:04:15,966 Your brain is interpreting it with old prior beliefs. 118 00:04:16,266 --> 00:04:18,433 This is a random bunch of black and white. 119 00:04:18,966 --> 00:04:21,066 The predictions generated by this prior belief 120 00:04:21,066 --> 00:04:24,733 Huge prediction error between the actual visual input 121 00:04:24,766 --> 00:04:28,833 But your brain can't find a better model to eliminate this error 122 00:04:29,333 --> 00:04:31,800 So the error signal keeps accumulating 123 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:33,300 In places you don't realize 124 00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:35,233 Constantly pounding the walls of the old model 125 00:04:36,266 --> 00:04:38,000 And then at some critical point 126 00:04:38,033 --> 00:04:38,333 The wall collapsed 127 00:04:39,233 --> 00:04:41,166 A whole new transcendental belief 128 00:04:41,166 --> 00:04:42,300 This is a dog. 129 00:04:42,333 --> 00:04:42,866 suddenly emerge 130 00:04:43,700 --> 00:04:47,133 This new model suddenly eliminates most of the prediction errors 131 00:04:47,933 --> 00:04:51,266 This cascade of errors triggers the release of dopamine. 132 00:04:51,300 --> 00:04:52,933 And that's where the high comes from. 133 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:55,800 The hippocampus is simultaneously activated 134 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,433 The entire emergent process of this new model 135 00:04:58,466 --> 00:05:01,300 Packed with the corresponding emotional state 136 00:05:01,300 --> 00:05:02,233 Deposit to long-term memory 137 00:05:03,066 --> 00:05:06,033 So the recombination of the representations that we saw in Becker's experiment 138 00:05:06,066 --> 00:05:08,366 And that's what predictive coding is. 139 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:12,233 The internal model of the brain underwent an irreversible structural transition 140 00:05:13,733 --> 00:05:15,233 Old transcendental beliefs 141 00:05:15,266 --> 00:05:16,666 By a brand new 142 00:05:16,666 --> 00:05:18,366 More efficient transcendental beliefs are replaced 143 00:05:19,133 --> 00:05:19,866 Did you find it? 144 00:05:20,366 --> 00:05:21,833 This is a phase transition in physics 145 00:05:22,300 --> 00:05:23,800 They're logically consistent. 146 00:05:24,733 --> 00:05:26,533 Water below zero is ice 147 00:05:26,566 --> 00:05:28,200 You heat it up. 148 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,266 The temperature rises by one degree 149 00:05:30,300 --> 00:05:34,566 The internal structure of ice is slowly accumulating changes at the microscopic level 150 00:05:34,566 --> 00:05:35,766 But from the outside 151 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:36,733 It's still ice. 152 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:39,266 Until the moment it reaches zero 153 00:05:39,266 --> 00:05:40,300 There was a phase transition. 154 00:05:40,966 --> 00:05:43,000 Ice doesn't slowly turn into water 155 00:05:43,033 --> 00:05:44,933 It's at a tipping point. 156 00:05:44,933 --> 00:05:46,966 Suddenly jumped to a whole new state 157 00:05:47,433 --> 00:05:48,166 epiphany 158 00:05:48,166 --> 00:05:49,700 It's a phase transition of the brain. 159 00:05:50,266 --> 00:05:53,433 And as I talked about in the < Trillion Parameters > issue, AI 160 00:05:53,466 --> 00:05:55,200 Grokking in the field 161 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:58,600 It's mathematically almost identical to this mechanism. 162 00:05:58,966 --> 00:06:02,433 Neural networks are just rote at the beginning of training 163 00:06:02,433 --> 00:06:04,466 The error curve drops very slowly. 164 00:06:04,833 --> 00:06:08,400 But after the amount of data and training time accumulate to a certain critical point 165 00:06:08,666 --> 00:06:09,766 All of a sudden 166 00:06:09,766 --> 00:06:12,066 Error cliff drop 167 00:06:12,066 --> 00:06:14,133 Models are no longer mechanical memories. 168 00:06:14,166 --> 00:06:17,133 They suddenly understood the general rules. 169 00:06:17,466 --> 00:06:18,366 That Wu 170 00:06:18,366 --> 00:06:19,333 In mathematics 171 00:06:19,366 --> 00:06:21,800 That is, the parameters are in high-dimensional space 172 00:06:21,833 --> 00:06:25,633 Collapses from chaos into a low-entropy geometry 173 00:06:25,633 --> 00:06:29,000 This is a recombination of the brain representations seen in Becker's experiments 174 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,800 Are different scales of the same phenomenon 175 00:06:32,033 --> 00:06:32,666 OK 176 00:06:32,700 --> 00:06:34,833 If epiphanies are phase transitions in the brain 177 00:06:34,866 --> 00:06:37,333 So what does that mean? 178 00:06:37,433 --> 00:06:38,366 high comprehension 179 00:06:38,366 --> 00:06:40,966 It's not that your phase transition results are better than others 180 00:06:40,966 --> 00:06:44,566 It's not that the dog you see is clearer than someone else's 181 00:06:45,133 --> 00:06:46,100 high comprehension 182 00:06:46,100 --> 00:06:49,500 Your brain's threshold for reaching that critical point is lower than other people's. 183 00:06:49,900 --> 00:06:51,300 It's the same input. 184 00:06:51,333 --> 00:06:53,933 Your brain is more susceptible to phase transitions. 185 00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:56,033 Then the problem becomes 186 00:06:56,066 --> 00:06:58,500 What determines the level of this threshold? 187 00:06:58,733 --> 00:07:01,366 The answer lies in predictive coding theory 188 00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:02,600 precision weight 189 00:07:02,866 --> 00:07:05,833 The higher the precision weight of your old prior beliefs 190 00:07:05,866 --> 00:07:08,400 The less willing your brain is to update it 191 00:07:09,566 --> 00:07:11,200 Because of the high precision weight 192 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:14,833 It means that the brain thinks that belief is very reliable. 193 00:07:14,833 --> 00:07:17,466 Even with a large number of forecast error signals 194 00:07:17,500 --> 00:07:19,933 The brain also tends to dismiss them. 195 00:07:19,933 --> 00:07:21,666 Rather than renewing beliefs 196 00:07:21,966 --> 00:07:24,766 This is why stubborn people rarely have epiphanies 197 00:07:24,766 --> 00:07:26,800 Their prior weight is too high 198 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:29,533 So high that the prediction error signal simply cannot penetrate 199 00:07:29,933 --> 00:07:30,800 reverse 200 00:07:30,833 --> 00:07:32,166 A savvy person 201 00:07:32,166 --> 00:07:34,466 The accuracy of his prior beliefs 202 00:07:34,466 --> 00:07:36,633 It's a delicate balance. 203 00:07:36,633 --> 00:07:39,600 High enough for him to form a coherent model of the world 204 00:07:39,633 --> 00:07:42,533 But low enough for a new prediction error signal 205 00:07:42,533 --> 00:07:45,300 The opportunity to shock and update the model. 206 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:47,733 Imagine you build a castle out of sand. 207 00:07:48,166 --> 00:07:50,933 If reinforced concrete is poured 208 00:07:50,933 --> 00:07:52,833 The waves came unscathed 209 00:07:52,833 --> 00:07:53,933 That's stubbornness. 210 00:07:54,233 --> 00:07:55,766 If it is a plate of loose sand 211 00:07:55,800 --> 00:07:57,033 When the wind blows, it's gone 212 00:07:57,066 --> 00:07:58,166 Chaos. 213 00:07:58,466 --> 00:07:59,666 What is understanding? 214 00:07:59,833 --> 00:08:01,400 It's a sandcastle. It's standing. 215 00:08:01,400 --> 00:08:02,966 But when the waves come 216 00:08:02,966 --> 00:08:05,200 It is willing to be reshaped into a new shape 217 00:08:05,633 --> 00:08:06,633 Did you notice 218 00:08:06,666 --> 00:08:09,900 This is related to the self-organizing criticality we talked about in the < Emergence > issue 219 00:08:09,900 --> 00:08:11,166 Is exactly the same 220 00:08:11,833 --> 00:08:14,400 Buck and his sandpile model tell us 221 00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:16,366 Complex systems are located near critical states 222 00:08:16,366 --> 00:08:18,866 Most likely to generate large-scale cascade reactions 223 00:08:19,366 --> 00:08:20,566 The sand is too flat 224 00:08:20,566 --> 00:08:22,866 Add a grain of sand and nothing happens. 225 00:08:23,466 --> 00:08:24,633 The sand is too steep 226 00:08:24,666 --> 00:08:25,966 It's already collapsed. 227 00:08:25,966 --> 00:08:27,166 In a steady state 228 00:08:27,466 --> 00:08:30,266 Only when it is just at the critical point 229 00:08:30,266 --> 00:08:32,466 A single grain of sand can cause an avalanche 230 00:08:33,166 --> 00:08:33,733 comprehension 231 00:08:33,766 --> 00:08:36,966 It's the ability of your cognitive system to stay near that critical state. 232 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:39,133 This explains why the same book 233 00:08:39,166 --> 00:08:40,500 The same sentence 234 00:08:40,500 --> 00:08:43,133 And it works incredibly well for different people. 235 00:08:43,666 --> 00:08:46,733 The six ancestors' wisdom can hear that there should be nothing to live in and their hearts are born 236 00:08:46,733 --> 00:08:48,433 These eight words are enlightened 237 00:08:49,233 --> 00:08:50,766 You have also read these eight words 238 00:08:50,766 --> 00:08:52,033 I also read 239 00:08:52,066 --> 00:08:53,700 Why are we not enlightened? 240 00:08:53,833 --> 00:08:55,566 It's not because we're not smart enough. 241 00:08:55,566 --> 00:08:59,100 It's because we haven't reached the critical mass of cognitive sand. 242 00:08:59,866 --> 00:09:01,866 Hui Neng before hearing this sentence 243 00:09:01,866 --> 00:09:03,200 His life experience 244 00:09:03,233 --> 00:09:04,600 His inner search 245 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:06,200 His face to pain 246 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:09,266 Has pushed his cognitive system to the brink 247 00:09:09,933 --> 00:09:11,066 Eight words fell 248 00:09:11,066 --> 00:09:12,233 It's the last grain of sand. 249 00:09:13,900 --> 00:09:14,700 Certainly. 250 00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:16,266 Enlightenment in the Buddhist sense 251 00:09:16,300 --> 00:09:18,333 It was more than just a cognitive epiphany. 252 00:09:18,566 --> 00:09:20,833 But the core logic of that critical instant 253 00:09:20,866 --> 00:09:21,800 Is the same 254 00:09:22,266 --> 00:09:23,166 So you see 255 00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:25,166 Understanding is not a gift out of thin air 256 00:09:25,466 --> 00:09:27,466 It's your whole life experience. 257 00:09:27,466 --> 00:09:31,533 A specific topological state accumulated in the cognitive parameter space 258 00:09:32,166 --> 00:09:35,166 Innate genes influence our cognitive origins 259 00:09:35,533 --> 00:09:37,900 It determines the initial cognitive terrain 260 00:09:37,900 --> 00:09:41,000 But it can't be locked. Can you reach the critical point of phase transition? 261 00:09:41,766 --> 00:09:43,233 The length of the road varies 262 00:09:43,233 --> 00:09:44,233 But the road never stops 263 00:09:45,300 --> 00:09:48,366 This also answers the core consensus that our channel proposed earlier 264 00:09:48,866 --> 00:09:51,800 The ceiling of textual interpretation is not linguistic competence. 265 00:09:51,833 --> 00:09:52,700 It's about the experiential dimension. 266 00:09:53,566 --> 00:09:54,733 Same text 267 00:09:54,766 --> 00:09:57,100 A person who has experienced the death of a loved one 268 00:09:57,100 --> 00:09:59,200 With someone who has never faced death 269 00:09:59,233 --> 00:10:00,966 It's going to read something completely different. 270 00:10:01,866 --> 00:10:04,000 It's not that they can't read. 271 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,600 But because of his cognitive parameter space 272 00:10:06,600 --> 00:10:07,600 Missing some dimensions 273 00:10:08,266 --> 00:10:11,333 Those dimensions can only be opened through authentic experience 274 00:10:12,266 --> 00:10:13,400 Once opened 275 00:10:13,433 --> 00:10:17,933 The same text can resonate in a higher dimensional space 276 00:10:17,933 --> 00:10:20,466 And when the resonance reaches critical strength 277 00:10:20,466 --> 00:10:21,300 A phase transition occurs 278 00:10:22,233 --> 00:10:22,866 OK 279 00:10:22,866 --> 00:10:27,133 If the essence of understanding is the flexibility of the cognitive system around the critical state 280 00:10:27,166 --> 00:10:28,333 How to improve it? 281 00:10:28,866 --> 00:10:29,800 And I've summarized it into four levels. 282 00:10:30,433 --> 00:10:31,633 The first level 283 00:10:31,633 --> 00:10:33,033 accumulation of sand 284 00:10:33,066 --> 00:10:34,333 Expand your experience 285 00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:35,900 It's intuitive. 286 00:10:36,533 --> 00:10:38,433 The higher your cognitive sand pile 287 00:10:38,500 --> 00:10:39,366 more multidimensional 288 00:10:39,433 --> 00:10:40,633 The closer you are to the tipping point 289 00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:42,400 read 290 00:10:42,433 --> 00:10:43,333 travel 291 00:10:43,333 --> 00:10:46,333 In-depth conversations with people from different fields 292 00:10:46,333 --> 00:10:48,166 Learn a whole new skill 293 00:10:48,166 --> 00:10:50,666 Even experienced a major setback 294 00:10:50,666 --> 00:10:53,033 All of this adds sand to your sand. 295 00:10:54,133 --> 00:10:54,966 But notice 296 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,500 There's a catch. 297 00:10:56,500 --> 00:10:59,133 If you only pile sand in the same field 298 00:10:59,133 --> 00:11:02,600 Your sand pile may become tall but narrow 299 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:06,133 It has long passed the critical point in that direction and has collapsed 300 00:11:06,166 --> 00:11:07,400 In a steady state 301 00:11:07,433 --> 00:11:09,366 Adding more sand won't cause an avalanche 302 00:11:10,433 --> 00:11:14,166 What really works is to pile sand across dimensions. 303 00:11:14,166 --> 00:11:15,333 You know physics? 304 00:11:15,366 --> 00:11:16,666 You also study Buddhism 305 00:11:16,666 --> 00:11:18,500 You have also made investments 306 00:11:18,533 --> 00:11:21,200 Study on the technical principles of oversized language models 307 00:11:21,233 --> 00:11:23,333 You've actually written the code yourself. 308 00:11:23,333 --> 00:11:26,700 These sands from completely different fields are piled together 309 00:11:26,733 --> 00:11:28,400 Easier to push the system to a critical state 310 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:32,133 And that's why the greatest epiphany in history 311 00:11:32,133 --> 00:11:34,000 It happens where there's cross-disciplinary learning. 312 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:35,366 The second level 313 00:11:35,633 --> 00:11:36,900 Lower precision weight 314 00:11:37,333 --> 00:11:38,466 Practice cognitive relaxation 315 00:11:39,133 --> 00:11:42,800 This is the core mechanism of the practice that we talked about repeatedly in the meditation issue 316 00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:44,933 You can feel it 317 00:11:44,966 --> 00:11:47,766 What is your strongest belief at the moment? 318 00:11:47,866 --> 00:11:49,066 Whatever it is 319 00:11:49,066 --> 00:11:50,233 Did you notice? 320 00:11:50,233 --> 00:11:52,333 When I ask you to look at it 321 00:11:52,333 --> 00:11:54,300 Your body has a subtle tightening 322 00:11:54,666 --> 00:11:56,700 It seems that something is being threatened 323 00:11:57,433 --> 00:11:58,300 The austerity 324 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:00,933 It's the physical expression of precision and weight. 325 00:12:01,966 --> 00:12:05,433 The precision weights of many of your prior beliefs have been adjusted too high 326 00:12:05,466 --> 00:12:06,700 I have to understand it this way 327 00:12:06,966 --> 00:12:08,366 The world must be like that 328 00:12:08,533 --> 00:12:09,633 It can't be wrong. 329 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:15,000 These excessive weights reinforce your old model like steel 330 00:12:15,033 --> 00:12:17,366 Let the new forecast error signal fail to come in 331 00:12:17,600 --> 00:12:18,800 How to turn it down? 332 00:12:18,900 --> 00:12:22,100 Meditation is a well-researched path 333 00:12:22,466 --> 00:12:25,266 Numerous neuroimaging studies of meditation 334 00:12:25,266 --> 00:12:29,400 And related findings based on predictive coding frameworks all point to the same conclusion 335 00:12:29,833 --> 00:12:31,166 In deep meditation 336 00:12:31,166 --> 00:12:34,800 The precision weights of higher-level prior beliefs are reduced 337 00:12:35,300 --> 00:12:37,733 Default mode network activity drops 338 00:12:37,766 --> 00:12:40,400 The whole brain becomes more open. 339 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:41,600 More flexible state 340 00:12:42,100 --> 00:12:43,700 But meditation is not the only way. 341 00:12:44,366 --> 00:12:48,133 Any practice that puts you on hold for a while I know how it feels 342 00:12:48,166 --> 00:12:49,866 Are doing the same thing 343 00:12:50,533 --> 00:12:51,133 For example 344 00:12:51,133 --> 00:12:54,633 When you read a statement that contradicts your point of view 345 00:12:54,633 --> 00:12:55,866 Try not to rush to refute 346 00:12:55,866 --> 00:12:57,600 But ask yourself first 347 00:12:57,633 --> 00:12:58,766 If he is right 348 00:12:58,766 --> 00:13:01,200 Where does my model need to be modified? 349 00:13:01,333 --> 00:13:02,800 This simple exercise 350 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:05,866 Is manually lowering your prior weights 351 00:13:06,166 --> 00:13:07,466 The third level 352 00:13:07,500 --> 00:13:09,166 Increased signal strength for prediction errors 353 00:13:09,966 --> 00:13:10,933 As mentioned earlier 354 00:13:10,966 --> 00:13:14,666 Astronauts looking at Earth from space can cause an overview effect 355 00:13:15,266 --> 00:13:18,666 It's because the precision weight of that visual stimulus has been pulled to the highest level. 356 00:13:19,166 --> 00:13:20,566 Total Sensory Immersion 357 00:13:20,566 --> 00:13:22,300 Existential crisis blessing 358 00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:24,433 There's no attention-competing stimuli whatsoever. 359 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,100 The same information is seen on TV 360 00:13:27,133 --> 00:13:28,500 Very low precision weight 361 00:13:28,766 --> 00:13:30,666 Can't beat a priori beliefs at all 362 00:13:31,066 --> 00:13:32,800 The implications of this for daily learning are 363 00:13:33,133 --> 00:13:34,700 The way you get information 364 00:13:35,033 --> 00:13:36,866 It's as important as the information itself. 365 00:13:37,433 --> 00:13:39,166 The same book is there 366 00:13:39,166 --> 00:13:41,200 Are you flipping through on the sofa? 367 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,533 Or is it because you are going through a real dilemma? 368 00:13:44,566 --> 00:13:47,566 Read with a question that is etched in the deepest part of my heart 369 00:13:47,966 --> 00:13:49,200 Same information. 370 00:13:49,233 --> 00:13:51,100 When you are truly confused 371 00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:52,433 Real need 372 00:13:52,433 --> 00:13:55,133 When real pain comes into contact with it 373 00:13:55,166 --> 00:13:58,600 Your brain assigns a completely different weight to accuracy. 374 00:13:59,266 --> 00:14:01,666 That's why learning with problems 375 00:14:01,700 --> 00:14:03,733 Much more effective than general learning 376 00:14:03,766 --> 00:14:05,533 It's not because you tried harder. 377 00:14:05,566 --> 00:14:08,733 It's because your brain has a neural mechanism. 378 00:14:08,733 --> 00:14:11,200 They take their input more seriously. 379 00:14:11,300 --> 00:14:12,433 Fourth level 380 00:14:12,466 --> 00:14:14,000 It is also the deepest layer 381 00:14:14,033 --> 00:14:15,133 Let the primordial spirit intervene 382 00:14:15,700 --> 00:14:18,000 I'm talking about "There are two of you in my mind" 383 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:19,000 One is saying 384 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,666 One of them mentioned in the video 385 00:14:21,666 --> 00:14:24,533 The Taoist concept of knowing God is the one who keeps talking 386 00:14:24,566 --> 00:14:25,700 non-stop analysis 387 00:14:25,733 --> 00:14:28,266 Local intelligent little model that is constantly judging 388 00:14:28,766 --> 00:14:31,400 Primordial spirit is when all the noise subsides 389 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:34,466 A deeper system of awareness that has just emerged 390 00:14:34,500 --> 00:14:35,700 Your consciousness 391 00:14:35,733 --> 00:14:37,833 Or say your Tathagata hide 392 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:41,166 A lot of great epiphanies don't come by thinking. 393 00:14:41,166 --> 00:14:42,300 Quite the contrary. 394 00:14:42,333 --> 00:14:44,966 They appear when you stop thinking. 395 00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:48,233 Archimedes was in the bath 396 00:14:48,266 --> 00:14:51,900 The idea of using the drainage method to measure the volume of irregular objects 397 00:14:51,900 --> 00:14:54,533 This solves the puzzle of adulterating the crown 398 00:14:54,566 --> 00:14:57,833 It also laid the core foundation for the later principle of buoyancy 399 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:00,766 Kekule was dozing off 400 00:15:00,766 --> 00:15:02,166 Dreaming about the benzene ring structure 401 00:15:02,766 --> 00:15:06,266 Poincaré was the moment he stepped on the bus steps 402 00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:07,966 Solved a math puzzle 403 00:15:08,566 --> 00:15:12,166 Ramanujan's thousands of mathematical equations are even more amazing 404 00:15:12,166 --> 00:15:14,600 We had a video dedicated to it before. 405 00:15:15,066 --> 00:15:18,000 These stories all point to the same pattern 406 00:15:18,033 --> 00:15:19,833 After a period of intense thinking 407 00:15:19,833 --> 00:15:22,133 A period of relaxation or mind-wandering 408 00:15:22,133 --> 00:15:24,200 And then the epiphany came. 409 00:15:24,766 --> 00:15:26,433 Translate with our framework 410 00:15:26,466 --> 00:15:29,100 Consciousness desperately piles sand in the previous stage 411 00:15:29,133 --> 00:15:30,766 Accumulated prediction error 412 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:32,566 But the precision weights are too high 413 00:15:32,566 --> 00:15:34,166 The old model never broke 414 00:15:34,633 --> 00:15:36,066 Then the mind is tired 415 00:15:36,066 --> 00:15:37,333 Temporarily down 416 00:15:37,866 --> 00:15:41,600 At this point, the default mode, the authoritarian control of the network, is loosened. 417 00:15:41,633 --> 00:15:43,533 Yuan Shen has a chance to intervene 418 00:15:43,966 --> 00:15:46,400 Primordial spirit is not linear analysis like consciousness 419 00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:47,733 It's global. 420 00:15:47,766 --> 00:15:49,033 intuitive 421 00:15:49,133 --> 00:15:52,300 You can see all the connections simultaneously in a high-dimensional space. 422 00:15:52,766 --> 00:15:54,600 It's in that fleeting window 423 00:15:54,633 --> 00:15:56,966 Completed what consciousness cannot do 424 00:15:56,966 --> 00:15:59,133 A cross-dimensional pattern recognition 425 00:15:59,166 --> 00:16:01,266 A Holistic Representational Reconstruction 426 00:16:01,866 --> 00:16:05,866 This is the neuroscientific explanation that epiphanies often occur during relaxation 427 00:16:05,900 --> 00:16:08,700 It's not that relaxation itself produces the answer. 428 00:16:08,766 --> 00:16:12,300 It's because relaxation allows consciousness to give up bandwidth 429 00:16:12,300 --> 00:16:15,733 Let the primordial spirit finally have the opportunity to connect with the wisdom of Gao Wei 430 00:16:15,766 --> 00:16:16,833 Got the information 431 00:16:17,366 --> 00:16:19,200 So if you want to improve your savvy 432 00:16:19,233 --> 00:16:21,966 And the last piece of advice is perhaps the most counterintuitive. 433 00:16:21,966 --> 00:16:22,833 Don't keep thinking 434 00:16:23,266 --> 00:16:25,600 Leave room for your brain not to think 435 00:16:26,033 --> 00:16:26,766 take a walk 436 00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:27,500 in a daze 437 00:16:27,533 --> 00:16:28,233 take a shower 438 00:16:28,233 --> 00:16:29,200 Listen to music 439 00:16:29,233 --> 00:16:31,466 Do some mindless physical work 440 00:16:31,466 --> 00:16:33,700 These seemingly time-consuming things 441 00:16:33,733 --> 00:16:36,566 It is precisely the window for the primordial spirit to create intervention 442 00:16:37,100 --> 00:16:39,933 Finally, I would like to say that the content of this issue touched me the most 443 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:42,733 I've always found the word comprehension to be mysterious 444 00:16:43,400 --> 00:16:45,366 Some people just get it right 445 00:16:45,366 --> 00:16:47,200 Some people just can't make sense of it. 446 00:16:48,100 --> 00:16:51,366 I used to be inclined to attribute it to differences in talent 447 00:16:51,400 --> 00:16:52,500 Then I don't want to 448 00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:57,166 But when I reunderstood understanding with predictive coding and phase transition theory 449 00:16:57,166 --> 00:16:59,666 And I realized it wasn't about talent. 450 00:17:00,033 --> 00:17:01,366 It's a matter of status. 451 00:17:01,866 --> 00:17:03,500 Are you savvy? 452 00:17:03,533 --> 00:17:05,466 You are the cognitive system of the moment. 453 00:17:05,466 --> 00:17:07,300 Is it near the critical state? 454 00:17:07,766 --> 00:17:08,800 And this state 455 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:10,200 It can be adjusted actively. 456 00:17:11,166 --> 00:17:14,200 You can build sand by enriching the experience dimension 457 00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:18,566 You can lower the prior weight of rigidity by practicing cognitive relaxation. 458 00:17:18,966 --> 00:17:22,033 You can improve by learning with real problems. 459 00:17:22,066 --> 00:17:23,866 Precision weight of the input signal 460 00:17:24,066 --> 00:17:27,300 You can let the primordial spirit intervene by leaving blank space in the brain 461 00:17:27,933 --> 00:17:31,066 Understanding is not a fixed attribute assigned to you at birth 462 00:17:31,100 --> 00:17:33,500 It has nothing to do with your IQ or education 463 00:17:34,166 --> 00:17:35,133 On the contrary. 464 00:17:35,133 --> 00:17:37,033 IQ and education are too high 465 00:17:37,033 --> 00:17:39,666 On the contrary, it is easy to produce the knowledge barrier of Buddhist teaching 466 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:43,433 Understanding is the dynamic state of your cognitive system at the moment 467 00:17:43,433 --> 00:17:44,466 And state 468 00:17:44,466 --> 00:17:45,366 Forever can change 469 00:17:45,966 --> 00:17:47,666 This is also why the Buddha said 470 00:17:47,666 --> 00:17:49,133 All beings have Buddha-nature 471 00:17:49,933 --> 00:17:52,866 Buddha-nature doesn't mean you're born enlightened. 472 00:17:53,266 --> 00:17:55,100 It's about your cognitive system 473 00:17:55,133 --> 00:17:57,800 It naturally has the potential for phase transitions. 474 00:17:58,233 --> 00:18:00,233 The tipping point is always there. 475 00:18:00,233 --> 00:18:02,433 The sand can always go on 476 00:18:02,433 --> 00:18:04,800 Precision weight can always be adjusted 477 00:18:05,333 --> 00:18:06,566 The only problem is that 478 00:18:06,566 --> 00:18:09,566 Are you willing to let your old model be smashed? 479 00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:13,333 Are you willing to endure the chaos and anxiety on the eve of that phase change? 480 00:18:13,633 --> 00:18:15,000 The most profound epiphany 481 00:18:15,033 --> 00:18:17,366 It happens in the most painful moments. 482 00:18:17,833 --> 00:18:20,366 Not because there is something sacred about pain itself 483 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:23,766 It's because pain is the strongest predictive error signal 484 00:18:23,766 --> 00:18:26,400 It's telling you with the highest precision weights 485 00:18:26,433 --> 00:18:27,833 Your current model 486 00:18:27,866 --> 00:18:28,533 Wrong. 487 00:18:28,833 --> 00:18:30,166 Would you like to listen 488 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:34,066 If the content of this video has triggered any thoughts in you 489 00:18:34,100 --> 00:18:36,766 Or maybe you had an epiphany you wanted to share. 490 00:18:36,766 --> 00:18:38,400 Welcome to leave a message in the comment area. 491 00:18:38,766 --> 00:18:39,666 Your Story 492 00:18:39,666 --> 00:18:43,433 It could happen to be the last grain of sand on the pile that another person knows 493 00:18:43,900 --> 00:18:47,066 You are also welcome to tell me what topics you are most looking forward to in the next issue 494 00:18:47,733 --> 00:18:49,000 I am Wang Lijie 495 00:18:49,133 --> 00:18:49,933 See you next time.