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You think you're upgrading your mindset

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But you're just saving files

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Ever met someone like this?

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They read more than anyone

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Spouting concepts, theories, and buzzwords

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Sharing brain science today

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Quantum mechanics tomorrow

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Sounding incredibly learned

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But after spending time with them

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You see they haven't changed at all

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Same knee-jerk reactions

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Same judgment of others

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The same trap they fell into last year

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They're still falling into today

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Their head is a whole library

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But the person using that library

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Hasn't moved an inch

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Hello

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Hi everyone

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I'm Wang Lijie

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Today I want to discuss a distinction I've pondered

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Once you see this clearly

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It might change how you view learning

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And that is

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Knowledge

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Is not cognition

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We often use these terms interchangeably

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As if reading more means higher cognition

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Or knowing more means thinking clearly

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But actually

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They are two completely different things

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Let me give you a simple but useful definition

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Knowledge

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Is essentially information

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While cognition

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Is essentially a structure

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Don't rush ahead

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Pause for a second

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Feel the weight of these two words

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Information

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Comes in bits and pieces

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It can be added

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Deleted

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Or overwritten

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Structure

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Is an entire web

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It determines where information goes

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Where it lands

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What it connects to

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And how you ultimately see the world

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Let me use a simple analogy

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Your brain is like a computer

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Learning new knowledge

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is like saving a file to the hard drive

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Today, you memorize a historical date

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Tomorrow, you learn a new word

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The next day, a company's financial data

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All of these

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are just saved files

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The act of saving

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is actually very light

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It doesn't change the computer itself

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It just adds a little more inside

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But cognitive upgrade is different

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Cognitive upgrade

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is like reinstalling the operating system

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It changes how information is processed

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The shape of the network itself changes

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When the same information comes in

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you understood it one way before

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but another way after the upgrade

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On the surface, you haven't memorized more

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But your entire perspective on the world

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has shifted

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These two things

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involve two different physical processes

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This isn't just my analogy

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It's what neuroscience has actually seen

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Your brain has about 80 billion neurons

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connected by 100 trillion synapses

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Synapses

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are the interfaces where neurons connect

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All your knowledge, memories, and habits

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don't exist in a single cell

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They are hidden in the shape of connections

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So when you learn

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what actually happens in the brain?

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Neuroscience has a famous saying

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Neurons that fire together

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wire together

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Memorizing something new

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is essentially strengthening

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certain synaptic connections slightly

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It's a small, localized change

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Scientists tracked mice learning new moves

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Learning does grow new synapses

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and makes old ones disappear

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But daily learning, that kind of saving

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is very limited in scope

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Like on a massive circuit board

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just resoldering a point or two

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But cognitive upgrading

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is on a whole different level

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It's not about a few solder points

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It's a massive area of the circuit board

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being torn down and rebuilt

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Old circuits are dismantled

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New circuits are established

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Neuroscientists call this structural plasticity

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Memory isn't written into a single cell

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but etched into a rewired neural network

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In other words

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a true cognitive upgrade

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leaves a physical trace

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A part of your brain

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actually looks different than before

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Now you can probably feel that

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knowledge and cognition

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differ not in quantity

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but in hierarchy

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How many files you save

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versus what model your machine is

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are two different things

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But there is a deadly trap

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I must warn you about

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Our brains

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naturally prefer archiving

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and resist reinstallation

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Why

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Because reinstallation is too costly

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Just look at children

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A three or five-year-old

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learns frighteningly fast

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mastering a language in months

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Not because they're smarter than us

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Quite the opposite

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it's because their brains are nearly empty

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Full of unlabeled, empty drawers

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They have fewer old structures to protect

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So they mostly practice accommodation

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reinstalling every day

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But for us adults

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our brains are full of decades of drawers

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Each one is already labeled

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and set in place

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When something new comes in

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an existing drawer catches it instantly

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We get better at assimilation

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and more afraid of accommodation

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Neuroscience has a saying

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Brain plasticity declines with age

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But think about it

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Is it really your ability to learn that declines

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I'm starting to feel

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What actually declines is the courage to dismantle yourself

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And

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Reinstalling everything

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Is truly expensive for your brain

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Your brain is only 2% of your body weight

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Yet it consumes nearly a fifth of your energy

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It is a very calculating organ

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Saving whenever it can

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Maintaining an old structure

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Letting information follow the old path

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Takes almost no effort

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But to tear down old circuits

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And grow new connections

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Is a massive project that burns huge energy

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So evolution has long since

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Set your brain to be lazy

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Its default strategy is always

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If an old drawer works

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Never build a new one

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This isn't your fault

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It's a million-year-old energy-saving instinct

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But once you understand this

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You will realize

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Every true cognitive upgrade

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Is a fight against your biological instincts

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It was always

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Meant to be hard

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Let me tell you an old psychology concept

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Proposed by developmental psychologist Piaget

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He said

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When facing new information

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There are two ways to process it

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The first is called assimilation

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Which is when you take new things

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And stuff them into your existing framework

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You already have a drawer in your mind

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Marked with a certain label

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When something new arrives

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You look at it and say

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Oh

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This belongs in that drawer

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And stuff it in

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This process is comfortable

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Almost effortless

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You haven't changed anything

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You've just confirmed what you already believe

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The second is accommodation

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When new information arrives

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And it fits no existing category

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It conflicts with your beliefs

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It is contradictory

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It makes you uncomfortable

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At this point

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You either discard it

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Pretend you didn't see it

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Or

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Endure the discomfort

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Dismantle the old category

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And build a new structure for it

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Do you see?

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Assimilation is just saving data

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Accommodation is a system reinstall

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Assimilation adds knowledge

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Accommodation upgrades cognition

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Yet 99% of our so-called learning

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Stops at assimilation

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We desperately seek info that fits

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When we see a viewpoint

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Our first reaction is

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"Exactly!"

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"He thinks just like me"

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It feels good in that moment

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But you haven't grown at all

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You just gave your old structure

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Another coat of protective paint

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What truly makes you grow

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Is what makes you frown

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The info you want to refute

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Because only that

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Can force you to rebuild

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That is why I say

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Cognitive upgrading

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Is inherently painful

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It isn't effortless like saving data

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It tears down your familiar home

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There will be a period

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When the old has collapsed

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And the new isn't built yet

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You feel suspended and lost

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Many retreat at this step

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They can't stand the suspension

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They rush back to the old structure

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Delete the uncomfortable info

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And tell themselves

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"I've learned it"

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"I already know it"

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He did know

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But he didn't change

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This leads to something I really want to tell you

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In today's information explosion

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The biggest illusion

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Is using information hoarding

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To fake cognitive growth

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You scroll through hundreds of tips daily

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Save thousands of articles

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Sign up for many courses

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Your hard drive gets fuller

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Creating an illusion of rapid progress

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But that packed favorites folder

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Slowly becomes a tomb you never open

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Have you honestly asked yourself

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In the past year

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Your operating system

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How many times was it reinstalled

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Is there anything you once firmly believed

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That you tore down yourself

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If not

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You aren't upgrading

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You're just on a static old structure

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Frantically saving files

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The more files there are

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The slower that old machine runs

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In my years of investing

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I've seen many brilliant, knowledgeable people

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Who eventually failed

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Precisely in the field they knew best

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Because they knew too much

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The old structure was too solid

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They lost the ability to tear it down

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All their new information

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Was assimilated into an obsolete framework

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I have a real example nearby

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I know a very successful entrepreneur

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Twenty years in a traditional industry

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An absolute expert

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When mobile internet first emerged

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All the information was before him

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He read more than anyone

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Stacks and stacks of industry reports

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But talking to him, you'd find

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Every new trend he read about

296
00:10:02,413 --> 00:10:04,819
Was translated into the same sentence

297
00:10:04,972 --> 00:10:06,360
"This is the same as when we did channels"

298
00:10:06,533 --> 00:10:07,500
"It's the same thing"

299
00:10:07,652 --> 00:10:09,620
He didn't fail to see the new world

300
00:10:09,652 --> 00:10:11,411
He used old drawers to store it

301
00:10:11,413 --> 00:10:14,219
Fitting the new world into old slots

302
00:10:14,413 --> 00:10:15,120
The result was

303
00:10:15,372 --> 00:10:16,660
The more he knew

304
00:10:16,693 --> 00:10:18,140
The more wrong he became

305
00:10:18,947 --> 00:10:20,905
What finally changed his mind

306
00:10:20,907 --> 00:10:22,193
Wasn't any report

307
00:10:22,266 --> 00:10:25,073
But seeing a young man in his 20s

308
00:10:25,106 --> 00:10:27,313
Using tactics he couldn't understand

309
00:10:27,346 --> 00:10:29,793
To crush the business he'd built for 20 years

310
00:10:30,106 --> 00:10:30,774
In that moment

311
00:10:31,146 --> 00:10:32,553
All his old drawers

312
00:10:32,586 --> 00:10:34,234
Collapsed with a crash

313
00:10:34,506 --> 00:10:35,673
He told me later

314
00:10:35,707 --> 00:10:39,234
It was the most painful yet clearest time of his life

315
00:10:39,506 --> 00:10:39,854
You see

316
00:10:40,266 --> 00:10:41,593
Knowledge didn't save him

317
00:10:41,746 --> 00:10:43,593
It trapped him

318
00:10:43,866 --> 00:10:45,145
What finally broke him open

319
00:10:45,146 --> 00:10:47,154
Was hitting a brick wall

320
00:10:47,872 --> 00:10:50,520
Buddhism explained this long ago

321
00:10:50,833 --> 00:10:51,660
It makes a fine distinction

322
00:10:52,112 --> 00:10:53,100
One is called Adhimoksha

323
00:10:53,392 --> 00:10:54,360
The other is Prajna

324
00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:55,260
Adhimoksha

325
00:10:55,592 --> 00:10:57,232
Is understanding a concept

326
00:10:57,232 --> 00:10:58,192
Being able to repeat it

327
00:10:58,193 --> 00:10:58,980
And explain it to others

328
00:10:59,433 --> 00:11:00,140
That is knowledge

329
00:11:00,392 --> 00:11:01,280
An archive

330
00:11:01,555 --> 00:11:02,356
But Prajna

331
00:11:02,392 --> 00:11:05,160
Is when truth is in your bones

332
00:11:05,193 --> 00:11:08,079
Becoming your instinctive reaction

333
00:11:08,232 --> 00:11:09,500
That is true cognition

334
00:11:09,833 --> 00:11:10,719
A structure

335
00:11:11,781 --> 00:11:13,009
Buddhism has another term

336
00:11:13,302 --> 00:11:14,749
The 'Obstacle of Knowledge'

337
00:11:15,101 --> 00:11:15,649
It means

338
00:11:15,942 --> 00:11:17,348
The things you know

339
00:11:17,501 --> 00:11:19,708
Can become your barriers

340
00:11:19,942 --> 00:11:22,749
You think knowledge is a ladder

341
00:11:22,942 --> 00:11:25,869
But when it's a wall you won't tear down

342
00:11:26,182 --> 00:11:28,548
It becomes what blocks you

343
00:11:29,461 --> 00:11:30,368
One more thing

344
00:11:30,740 --> 00:11:32,067
Regarding AI

345
00:11:32,461 --> 00:11:33,927
With the rise of LLMs

346
00:11:34,220 --> 00:11:35,187
Many ask

347
00:11:35,301 --> 00:11:37,180
Are those trillions of parameters

348
00:11:37,181 --> 00:11:39,508
All the knowledge it learned

349
00:11:39,980 --> 00:11:40,947
Not exactly

350
00:11:41,380 --> 00:11:42,908
Those trillions of parameters

351
00:11:42,941 --> 00:11:44,988
It doesn't store isolated facts

352
00:11:45,140 --> 00:11:48,748
It stores the shape of relationships between them

353
00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:50,148
It is a structure

354
00:11:50,461 --> 00:11:51,728
This is the same thing

355
00:11:51,980 --> 00:11:53,187
we are talking about today

356
00:11:53,620 --> 00:11:54,707
Intelligence

357
00:11:54,900 --> 00:11:57,427
is never about how much you remember

358
00:11:57,541 --> 00:11:59,259
But about the shape

359
00:11:59,260 --> 00:12:01,187
formed within you

360
00:12:02,144 --> 00:12:05,704
Look at someone who read a library but never changed

361
00:12:05,705 --> 00:12:07,512
You'll see where they are stuck

362
00:12:07,705 --> 00:12:09,392
They spent a lifetime assimilating

363
00:12:09,465 --> 00:12:11,191
But never dared to accommodate

364
00:12:11,305 --> 00:12:12,704
They welded all new information

365
00:12:12,705 --> 00:12:15,552
Onto an old web unchanged for decades

366
00:12:16,438 --> 00:12:17,326
So what can be done

367
00:12:17,719 --> 00:12:19,365
I have no easy answer

368
00:12:19,635 --> 00:12:20,302
I can only say

369
00:12:20,716 --> 00:12:21,562
Next time

370
00:12:21,635 --> 00:12:25,883
When you see a view that makes you want to argue

371
00:12:25,995 --> 00:12:27,062
Don't rush to swipe away

372
00:12:27,395 --> 00:12:28,682
Don't rush to refute

373
00:12:28,956 --> 00:12:29,982
Stay in that discomfort

374
00:12:30,155 --> 00:12:31,283
for a little longer

375
00:12:31,355 --> 00:12:34,322
Notice your physical reaction in that moment

376
00:12:34,556 --> 00:12:36,243
A tight chest

377
00:12:36,275 --> 00:12:37,962
Or throbbing temples

378
00:12:38,235 --> 00:12:40,523
That is your old structure resisting

379
00:12:40,676 --> 00:12:41,623
It is whispering

380
00:12:41,956 --> 00:12:42,543
Don't tear me down

381
00:12:42,796 --> 00:12:43,722
Don't tear me down

382
00:12:44,076 --> 00:12:45,154
That discomfort

383
00:12:45,155 --> 00:12:47,154
might not be you being offended

384
00:12:47,155 --> 00:12:49,914
But an old circuit in your brain

385
00:12:49,916 --> 00:12:50,822
being gently

386
00:12:51,076 --> 00:12:52,363
pried open by a hand

387
00:12:53,344 --> 00:12:54,383
That single pry

388
00:12:54,384 --> 00:12:56,783
is closer to real growth

389
00:12:56,783 --> 00:12:58,951
than saving a hundred files today

390
00:12:59,213 --> 00:13:00,579
I'll leave you with a question

391
00:13:00,852 --> 00:13:01,640
Think back

392
00:13:02,012 --> 00:13:03,420
In your life so far

393
00:13:03,532 --> 00:13:06,459
When was the moment

394
00:13:06,532 --> 00:13:07,459
of true cognitive reloading

395
00:13:07,772 --> 00:13:11,099
Which word, event, or person

396
00:13:11,293 --> 00:13:12,979
completely dismantled

397
00:13:13,012 --> 00:13:14,179
one of your old drawers

398
00:13:14,612 --> 00:13:18,099
Remember that floating, chaotic feeling

399
00:13:18,492 --> 00:13:19,679
Tell me in the comments

400
00:13:20,012 --> 00:13:21,260
I'd love to hear it

401
00:13:21,333 --> 00:13:22,280
What reinstalled

402
00:13:22,612 --> 00:13:24,140
your operating system?

403
00:13:24,495 --> 00:13:25,202
I'm Wang Lijie

404
00:13:25,495 --> 00:13:26,538
See you next time