1 00:00:00,346 --> 00:00:02,233 你以为你在升级认知 2 00:00:02,306 --> 00:00:03,992 其实只是在存档 3 00:00:04,225 --> 00:00:06,073 你有没有遇到过这样一个人 4 00:00:06,266 --> 00:00:08,073 他书读得比谁都多 5 00:00:08,185 --> 00:00:11,313 各种概念 理论 新名词张口就来 6 00:00:11,426 --> 00:00:13,272 今天转一篇脑科学 7 00:00:13,305 --> 00:00:15,313 明天转一篇量子力学 8 00:00:15,426 --> 00:00:17,233 听上去满腹经纶 9 00:00:17,425 --> 00:00:19,824 可你跟他相处一段时间就会发现 10 00:00:19,826 --> 00:00:21,432 他还是那个老样子 11 00:00:21,585 --> 00:00:23,593 遇到事情的第一反应没变 12 00:00:23,666 --> 00:00:25,272 看人的眼光没变 13 00:00:25,385 --> 00:00:26,652 去年踩过的那个坑 14 00:00:26,986 --> 00:00:28,672 今年还在原地踩 15 00:00:28,865 --> 00:00:31,353 他的脑子里装了一整座图书馆 16 00:00:31,385 --> 00:00:33,225 可那个使用图书馆的人 17 00:00:33,225 --> 00:00:34,753 一寸都没有动过 18 00:00:35,073 --> 00:00:35,421 哈喽 19 00:00:35,713 --> 00:00:36,180 大家好 20 00:00:36,473 --> 00:00:37,521 我是王利杰 21 00:00:37,874 --> 00:00:41,441 今天我想跟你聊一个我自己琢磨了很久的区别 22 00:00:41,753 --> 00:00:43,881 这个区别你一旦看清楚了 23 00:00:43,954 --> 00:00:47,481 可能会改变你对学习这件事的整个理解 24 00:00:47,994 --> 00:00:48,460 那就是 25 00:00:48,833 --> 00:00:49,301 知识 26 00:00:49,594 --> 00:00:50,720 不等于认知 27 00:00:51,558 --> 00:00:53,838 我们平时把这两个词混着用 28 00:00:53,839 --> 00:00:56,286 好像书读得多就等于认知高 29 00:00:56,399 --> 00:00:58,446 懂得多就等于想得明白 30 00:00:58,598 --> 00:00:59,226 但其实 31 00:00:59,358 --> 00:01:01,726 它们是两种完全不同的东西 32 00:01:02,119 --> 00:01:05,566 我先给你一个最粗糙 但是最管用的说法 33 00:01:05,839 --> 00:01:06,305 知识 34 00:01:06,558 --> 00:01:08,245 大体上就是信息 35 00:01:08,358 --> 00:01:08,986 而认知 36 00:01:09,358 --> 00:01:11,206 大体上是一种结构 37 00:01:12,163 --> 00:01:13,470 你先别急着往下听 38 00:01:13,883 --> 00:01:14,690 停一秒 39 00:01:14,803 --> 00:01:17,729 体会一下这两个词在你身体里的分量 40 00:01:18,083 --> 00:01:18,509 信息 41 00:01:18,883 --> 00:01:20,070 是一条一条的 42 00:01:20,363 --> 00:01:21,289 可以增加 43 00:01:21,323 --> 00:01:21,990 可以删除 44 00:01:22,282 --> 00:01:23,169 可以覆盖 45 00:01:23,523 --> 00:01:23,949 结构 46 00:01:24,363 --> 00:01:25,570 是一整张网 47 00:01:25,683 --> 00:01:28,009 它决定了那些信息进来之后 48 00:01:28,042 --> 00:01:28,789 落在哪里 49 00:01:29,042 --> 00:01:30,521 跟谁连在一起 50 00:01:30,523 --> 00:01:33,089 最后变成你看世界的什么样子 51 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:35,677 我打个最简单的比方 52 00:01:36,189 --> 00:01:38,076 你的脑子像一台电脑 53 00:01:38,629 --> 00:01:39,788 学一个新知识 54 00:01:39,790 --> 00:01:42,636 就好比你往硬盘里存了一个新文件 55 00:01:43,269 --> 00:01:45,916 今天记住了一个历史事件的年份 56 00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:48,397 明天背下了一个新单词 57 00:01:48,629 --> 00:01:51,477 后天知道了一家公司的财报数字 58 00:01:51,909 --> 00:01:52,296 这些 59 00:01:52,669 --> 00:01:53,716 都是存档 60 00:01:54,389 --> 00:01:55,376 存档这个动作 61 00:01:55,790 --> 00:01:56,916 其实很轻 62 00:01:57,430 --> 00:01:59,557 它不改变这台电脑本身 63 00:01:59,909 --> 00:02:02,636 它只是往里面多塞了一点东西 64 00:02:03,304 --> 00:02:05,592 可认知升级是另一回事 65 00:02:05,985 --> 00:02:07,072 认知升级 66 00:02:07,144 --> 00:02:10,391 是你这台电脑的操作系统被重装了一遍 67 00:02:10,664 --> 00:02:12,671 是处理信息的方式变了 68 00:02:12,824 --> 00:02:15,391 是那张网本身的形状变了 69 00:02:15,865 --> 00:02:17,352 同样一条信息进来 70 00:02:17,544 --> 00:02:19,792 重装之前你是这么理解的 71 00:02:19,905 --> 00:02:22,232 重装之后你是那么理解的 72 00:02:22,504 --> 00:02:25,032 表面上你好像没多记住什么东西 73 00:02:25,345 --> 00:02:27,752 但你整个人看世界的角度 74 00:02:27,824 --> 00:02:28,792 偏移了 75 00:02:29,406 --> 00:02:30,405 这两件事 76 00:02:30,406 --> 00:02:34,053 在你大脑里对应的是两种完全不同的物理过程 77 00:02:34,365 --> 00:02:35,893 这不是我打的比方 78 00:02:35,966 --> 00:02:39,173 这是神经科学这些年真正看见的东西 79 00:02:39,598 --> 00:02:42,725 你的大脑里大概有八百多亿个神经元 80 00:02:42,838 --> 00:02:45,684 它们之间连着大概一百万亿个突触 81 00:02:46,037 --> 00:02:46,964 所谓突触 82 00:02:46,998 --> 00:02:50,124 就是神经元和神经元拉手的那个接口 83 00:02:50,438 --> 00:02:54,165 你所有的知识 记忆 习惯 性格 84 00:02:54,317 --> 00:02:56,964 没有一样是单独存在某个细胞里的 85 00:02:57,037 --> 00:03:00,684 它们全都藏在这一百万亿个连接的形状里 86 00:03:00,871 --> 00:03:01,998 那学习的时候 87 00:03:02,190 --> 00:03:04,197 大脑里到底发生了什么 88 00:03:04,510 --> 00:03:06,837 神经科学有一句被说烂了的话 89 00:03:07,030 --> 00:03:08,637 一起放电的神经元 90 00:03:08,671 --> 00:03:09,837 会连到一起 91 00:03:10,111 --> 00:03:11,318 你记一个新东西 92 00:03:11,470 --> 00:03:14,070 本质上就是某几个突触的连接 93 00:03:14,070 --> 00:03:16,077 被悄悄加强了一点点 94 00:03:16,310 --> 00:03:19,237 这是一次很小的 很局部的改动 95 00:03:19,510 --> 00:03:23,158 神经科学家追踪过小老鼠学新动作时的大脑 96 00:03:23,271 --> 00:03:26,790 发现学习确实会让一些新的突触长出来 97 00:03:26,790 --> 00:03:28,677 一些旧的突触消失掉 98 00:03:28,910 --> 00:03:31,637 但日常的那种学习 那种存档 99 00:03:31,711 --> 00:03:33,478 改动的范围是很小的 100 00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:35,790 就像你在一张巨大的电路板上 101 00:03:35,790 --> 00:03:37,677 重新焊了那么一两个点 102 00:03:38,341 --> 00:03:39,289 而认知升级 103 00:03:39,661 --> 00:03:41,228 是另一个量级的事情 104 00:03:41,462 --> 00:03:42,948 它不是焊一两个点 105 00:03:43,061 --> 00:03:46,108 它是这张电路板上一大片区域的连接 106 00:03:46,182 --> 00:03:47,508 被推倒重来 107 00:03:47,902 --> 00:03:49,249 旧的回路被拆掉 108 00:03:49,541 --> 00:03:51,108 新的回路被建立 109 00:03:51,381 --> 00:03:54,828 神经科学家把这个叫做结构性可塑性 110 00:03:55,341 --> 00:03:57,749 记忆不是写进某个细胞里 111 00:03:57,781 --> 00:04:01,948 而是稳定地刻进了一整片重新布线的神经网络里 112 00:04:02,341 --> 00:04:02,849 换句话说 113 00:04:03,221 --> 00:04:04,900 你真正的认知升级 114 00:04:04,902 --> 00:04:06,708 是会留下物理痕迹的 115 00:04:06,781 --> 00:04:08,940 是你脑子里真的有一片地方 116 00:04:08,941 --> 00:04:10,708 长得跟以前不一样了 117 00:04:11,005 --> 00:04:12,352 现在你大概能感觉到 118 00:04:12,644 --> 00:04:13,931 知识和认知 119 00:04:14,005 --> 00:04:15,111 差的不是数量 120 00:04:15,405 --> 00:04:16,692 差的是层级 121 00:04:17,044 --> 00:04:18,404 你存了多少文件 122 00:04:18,405 --> 00:04:20,403 跟你这台机器是什么型号 123 00:04:20,405 --> 00:04:21,412 是两码事 124 00:04:21,724 --> 00:04:23,963 但这里有一个特别要命的陷阱 125 00:04:23,965 --> 00:04:25,412 我必须提醒你 126 00:04:25,765 --> 00:04:26,511 我们的大脑 127 00:04:26,765 --> 00:04:28,972 天生就更喜欢存档 128 00:04:29,004 --> 00:04:30,451 而抗拒重装 129 00:04:31,008 --> 00:04:31,808 为什么 130 00:04:32,405 --> 00:04:34,172 因为重装太贵了 131 00:04:34,869 --> 00:04:36,677 你看小孩子就明白了 132 00:04:37,069 --> 00:04:38,336 一个三五岁的孩子 133 00:04:38,710 --> 00:04:40,237 学东西快得吓人 134 00:04:40,549 --> 00:04:42,557 几个月就能学会一门语言 135 00:04:42,830 --> 00:04:44,496 不是因为他们比我们聪明 136 00:04:45,069 --> 00:04:46,109 恰恰相反 137 00:04:46,109 --> 00:04:48,597 是因为他们脑子里几乎是空的 138 00:04:48,749 --> 00:04:51,396 到处都是还没贴标签的空抽屉 139 00:04:51,629 --> 00:04:54,157 他们没有那么多旧结构需要保护 140 00:04:54,350 --> 00:04:56,717 所以他们做的几乎全是顺应 141 00:04:57,030 --> 00:04:58,477 每天都在重装 142 00:04:58,830 --> 00:05:00,109 而我们成年人 143 00:05:00,109 --> 00:05:03,316 脑子里早就塞满了几十年攒下来的抽屉 144 00:05:03,429 --> 00:05:04,977 每一个都贴好了标签 145 00:05:05,270 --> 00:05:06,436 摆好了位置 146 00:05:06,670 --> 00:05:07,908 新东西一进来 147 00:05:07,910 --> 00:05:10,477 立刻就有一个现成的抽屉接住它 148 00:05:10,710 --> 00:05:12,557 我们越来越擅长同化 149 00:05:12,590 --> 00:05:14,196 越来越害怕顺应 150 00:05:14,989 --> 00:05:16,557 神经科学有个说法 151 00:05:16,590 --> 00:05:19,756 叫大脑的可塑性会随着年龄下降 152 00:05:20,150 --> 00:05:21,436 但你仔细想想 153 00:05:21,509 --> 00:05:24,117 下降的真的是你学习的能力吗 154 00:05:24,549 --> 00:05:25,876 我越来越觉得 155 00:05:25,910 --> 00:05:29,516 下降的其实是你拆掉自己的那点勇气 156 00:05:30,148 --> 00:05:30,535 而且 157 00:05:30,908 --> 00:05:32,235 重装这件事 158 00:05:32,309 --> 00:05:34,555 对你的大脑来说是真的贵 159 00:05:35,028 --> 00:05:37,675 你的大脑只占你体重的百分之二 160 00:05:37,788 --> 00:05:40,915 却要消耗你身体差不多五分之一的能量 161 00:05:41,348 --> 00:05:43,836 它是个非常精打细算的器官 162 00:05:44,028 --> 00:05:45,196 能省则省 163 00:05:45,548 --> 00:05:46,696 维持一个旧结构 164 00:05:47,069 --> 00:05:48,875 让信息顺着老路走 165 00:05:48,949 --> 00:05:50,596 几乎不费什么力气 166 00:05:50,949 --> 00:05:53,035 但要拆掉一整片旧回路 167 00:05:53,069 --> 00:05:55,035 再重新长出新的连接 168 00:05:55,228 --> 00:05:57,756 那是要烧掉大量能量的大工程 169 00:05:58,269 --> 00:06:00,747 所以进化早就把你的大脑 170 00:06:00,749 --> 00:06:02,196 设定成了一个懒汉 171 00:06:02,588 --> 00:06:04,096 它的默认策略永远是 172 00:06:04,428 --> 00:06:05,668 能用旧抽屉 173 00:06:05,668 --> 00:06:07,276 就绝不做新抽屉 174 00:06:08,028 --> 00:06:09,196 这不是你的错 175 00:06:09,309 --> 00:06:12,396 这是几百万年刻进基因里的节能本能 176 00:06:12,709 --> 00:06:14,427 可你一旦明白了这一点 177 00:06:14,428 --> 00:06:15,675 你也就知道了 178 00:06:15,749 --> 00:06:17,756 每一次真正的认知升级 179 00:06:17,829 --> 00:06:20,555 都是在跟你自己的生理本能对着干 180 00:06:20,709 --> 00:06:21,336 它本来 181 00:06:21,709 --> 00:06:22,956 就该是难的 182 00:06:23,164 --> 00:06:25,612 我给你讲一个心理学里的老概念 183 00:06:25,645 --> 00:06:28,251 是发展心理学家皮亚杰提出来的 184 00:06:28,564 --> 00:06:28,912 他说 185 00:06:29,364 --> 00:06:30,811 人面对新信息 186 00:06:30,845 --> 00:06:32,331 有两种处理办法 187 00:06:32,845 --> 00:06:34,371 第一种叫同化 188 00:06:34,804 --> 00:06:36,051 就是你把新东西 189 00:06:36,285 --> 00:06:38,691 塞进你已经有的那个旧框架里 190 00:06:39,004 --> 00:06:40,772 你心里本来有一个抽屉 191 00:06:40,845 --> 00:06:42,051 标着某个标签 192 00:06:42,325 --> 00:06:43,152 新东西来了 193 00:06:43,364 --> 00:06:44,092 你一看 194 00:06:44,205 --> 00:06:44,391 哦 195 00:06:44,725 --> 00:06:45,991 这个属于那个抽屉的 196 00:06:46,164 --> 00:06:47,011 塞进去 197 00:06:47,444 --> 00:06:48,672 这个过程很舒服 198 00:06:48,885 --> 00:06:50,051 几乎不费力 199 00:06:50,244 --> 00:06:51,852 你没有改变任何东西 200 00:06:52,085 --> 00:06:54,811 你只是确认了你早就相信的东西 201 00:06:55,831 --> 00:06:57,278 第二种叫顺应 202 00:06:57,670 --> 00:06:59,069 就是新东西来了 203 00:06:59,070 --> 00:07:01,517 你发现它塞不进任何一个旧抽屉 204 00:07:01,831 --> 00:07:04,110 它跟你原来相信的东西是冲突的 205 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:05,029 是矛盾的 206 00:07:05,031 --> 00:07:06,317 是让你难受的 207 00:07:06,511 --> 00:07:06,898 这时候 208 00:07:07,310 --> 00:07:08,589 你要么把它扔掉 209 00:07:08,591 --> 00:07:09,457 假装没看见 210 00:07:09,911 --> 00:07:10,430 要么 211 00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:11,949 你得忍着那个难受 212 00:07:11,951 --> 00:07:14,398 把抽屉本身拆了重做 213 00:07:14,471 --> 00:07:16,798 做一个能装下它的新结构 214 00:07:17,271 --> 00:07:17,978 你发现没有 215 00:07:18,310 --> 00:07:19,877 同化就是存档 216 00:07:20,070 --> 00:07:21,677 顺应才是重装 217 00:07:21,951 --> 00:07:23,457 同化是增加知识 218 00:07:23,870 --> 00:07:25,957 顺应才是升级认知 219 00:07:26,993 --> 00:07:29,640 而我们百分之九十九的所谓学习 220 00:07:29,673 --> 00:07:31,120 都停留在同化 221 00:07:31,313 --> 00:07:34,599 我们拼命地找那些能塞进旧抽屉的信息 222 00:07:34,632 --> 00:07:35,991 我们刷到一个观点 223 00:07:35,993 --> 00:07:37,031 第一反应是 224 00:07:37,032 --> 00:07:37,500 对对对 225 00:07:37,673 --> 00:07:39,359 他说得跟我想的一样 226 00:07:39,512 --> 00:07:40,579 那一刻你很爽 227 00:07:40,993 --> 00:07:42,440 但你没有任何成长 228 00:07:42,512 --> 00:07:44,152 你只是给你的旧结构 229 00:07:44,152 --> 00:07:45,719 又涂了一层保护漆 230 00:07:46,032 --> 00:07:47,671 真正能让你成长的 231 00:07:47,673 --> 00:07:49,500 恰恰是那个让你皱眉头的 232 00:07:49,673 --> 00:07:52,479 让你不舒服的 让你想反驳的信息 233 00:07:52,673 --> 00:07:53,419 因为只有它 234 00:07:53,753 --> 00:07:55,959 才有可能逼你去拆抽屉 235 00:07:56,994 --> 00:07:57,740 所以我才说 236 00:07:58,273 --> 00:07:59,353 认知升级 237 00:07:59,353 --> 00:08:01,521 本质上是一件痛苦的事 238 00:08:01,793 --> 00:08:03,961 它不像存档那样轻飘飘的 239 00:08:04,113 --> 00:08:06,521 它要拆掉你已经住惯了的房子 240 00:08:06,713 --> 00:08:07,660 它会有一段时间 241 00:08:08,033 --> 00:08:08,992 旧的塌了 242 00:08:08,994 --> 00:08:10,201 新的还没建好 243 00:08:10,353 --> 00:08:13,841 你整个人是悬空的 混乱的 找不到北的 244 00:08:14,033 --> 00:08:16,401 很多人就是在这一步退回去了 245 00:08:16,473 --> 00:08:18,521 他们受不了那个悬空的感觉 246 00:08:18,593 --> 00:08:20,321 赶紧跑回旧结构里 247 00:08:20,353 --> 00:08:22,560 把那个让他难受的信息删掉 248 00:08:22,793 --> 00:08:23,860 然后他告诉自己 249 00:08:24,273 --> 00:08:25,233 我学过了 250 00:08:25,233 --> 00:08:26,240 我知道了 251 00:08:26,314 --> 00:08:27,680 他确实知道了 252 00:08:27,754 --> 00:08:28,800 但他没有变 253 00:08:29,978 --> 00:08:32,505 这就引出我特别想跟你说的一句话 254 00:08:32,777 --> 00:08:34,945 在今天这个信息爆炸的时代 255 00:08:35,098 --> 00:08:36,176 最大的幻觉 256 00:08:36,178 --> 00:08:37,364 就是用囤信息 257 00:08:37,657 --> 00:08:39,305 来冒充长认知 258 00:08:39,777 --> 00:08:41,785 你每天刷掉几百条干货 259 00:08:41,897 --> 00:08:43,584 收藏了上千篇文章 260 00:08:43,618 --> 00:08:44,364 报了一堆课 261 00:08:44,897 --> 00:08:46,504 你的硬盘越来越满 262 00:08:46,618 --> 00:08:49,584 你产生了一种我在飞速进步的错觉 263 00:08:50,017 --> 00:08:52,224 可那个塞得满满当当的收藏夹 264 00:08:52,377 --> 00:08:55,624 慢慢变成了一座你再也不会打开的坟墓 265 00:08:56,098 --> 00:08:58,025 但你有没有诚实地问过自己 266 00:08:58,338 --> 00:08:59,464 过去这一年 267 00:08:59,537 --> 00:09:00,445 你的操作系统 268 00:09:00,777 --> 00:09:02,025 重装过几次 269 00:09:02,458 --> 00:09:05,185 你有没有哪一个原来深信不疑的东西 270 00:09:05,338 --> 00:09:07,025 被你亲手拆掉了 271 00:09:07,698 --> 00:09:08,364 如果没有 272 00:09:08,698 --> 00:09:10,224 那你不是在升级 273 00:09:10,297 --> 00:09:13,497 你只是在一个一成不变的旧结构上 274 00:09:13,498 --> 00:09:15,065 疯狂地存档 275 00:09:15,458 --> 00:09:16,204 文件越多 276 00:09:16,537 --> 00:09:18,864 那台老机器反而跑得越慢 277 00:09:19,288 --> 00:09:21,056 我自己做投资这么多年 278 00:09:21,249 --> 00:09:24,535 见过太多绝顶聪明 知识量惊人的人 279 00:09:24,688 --> 00:09:26,015 最后栽的跟头 280 00:09:26,048 --> 00:09:28,856 恰恰是栽在他知识最多的那个领域 281 00:09:29,129 --> 00:09:30,196 因为知识太多 282 00:09:30,568 --> 00:09:31,967 旧结构太牢固 283 00:09:31,968 --> 00:09:34,255 他反而丧失了拆掉它的能力 284 00:09:34,448 --> 00:09:35,928 他所有的新信息 285 00:09:35,928 --> 00:09:39,535 都被自动同化进了那个早就该报废的旧框架 286 00:09:40,533 --> 00:09:43,140 我身边就有这么一个真实的例子 287 00:09:43,372 --> 00:09:45,579 我认识一位非常成功的企业家 288 00:09:45,772 --> 00:09:48,260 在他那个传统行业里做了二十年 289 00:09:48,333 --> 00:09:49,740 是绝对的专家 290 00:09:49,972 --> 00:09:52,059 移动互联网刚起来的那几年 291 00:09:52,173 --> 00:09:54,419 所有的信息都摆在他面前 292 00:09:54,533 --> 00:09:56,140 他比谁读得都多 293 00:09:56,252 --> 00:09:58,540 行业报告看了一摞又一摞 294 00:09:58,652 --> 00:10:00,380 但你跟他聊就会发现 295 00:10:00,453 --> 00:10:02,380 他读到的每一条新趋势 296 00:10:02,413 --> 00:10:04,819 最后都被他翻译成同一句话 297 00:10:04,972 --> 00:10:06,360 这跟我们当年做渠道 298 00:10:06,533 --> 00:10:07,500 是一回事 299 00:10:07,652 --> 00:10:09,620 他不是没看见那个新世界 300 00:10:09,652 --> 00:10:11,411 他是用一个个旧抽屉 301 00:10:11,413 --> 00:10:14,219 把新世界严丝合缝地装了进去 302 00:10:14,413 --> 00:10:15,120 结果就是 303 00:10:15,372 --> 00:10:16,660 他知道得越多 304 00:10:16,693 --> 00:10:18,140 反而错得越深 305 00:10:18,947 --> 00:10:20,905 后来真正让他转过弯来的 306 00:10:20,907 --> 00:10:22,193 不是哪一篇报告 307 00:10:22,266 --> 00:10:25,073 而是他亲眼看着一个二十几岁的年轻人 308 00:10:25,106 --> 00:10:27,313 用一套他完全看不懂的打法 309 00:10:27,346 --> 00:10:29,793 把他做了二十年的生意冲垮了 310 00:10:30,106 --> 00:10:30,774 就那一下 311 00:10:31,146 --> 00:10:32,553 他所有的旧抽屉 312 00:10:32,586 --> 00:10:34,234 哗啦一声全塌了 313 00:10:34,506 --> 00:10:35,673 他后来跟我说 314 00:10:35,707 --> 00:10:39,234 那是他这辈子最难受 也最清醒的一段日子 315 00:10:39,506 --> 00:10:39,854 你看 316 00:10:40,266 --> 00:10:41,593 知识没能救他 317 00:10:41,746 --> 00:10:43,593 反而是知识困住了他 318 00:10:43,866 --> 00:10:45,145 最后撬开他的 319 00:10:45,146 --> 00:10:47,154 是一次结结实实的撞墙 320 00:10:47,872 --> 00:10:50,520 佛学里其实早就把这件事说透了 321 00:10:50,833 --> 00:10:51,660 它分得很细 322 00:10:52,112 --> 00:10:53,100 一种叫胜解 323 00:10:53,392 --> 00:10:54,360 一种叫慧 324 00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:55,260 胜解 325 00:10:55,592 --> 00:10:57,232 是你听懂了一个道理 326 00:10:57,232 --> 00:10:58,192 你能复述 327 00:10:58,193 --> 00:10:58,980 你能跟人讲 328 00:10:59,433 --> 00:11:00,140 这是知识 329 00:11:00,392 --> 00:11:01,280 是存档 330 00:11:01,555 --> 00:11:02,356 而慧 331 00:11:02,392 --> 00:11:05,160 是这个道理已经长进了你的骨头里 332 00:11:05,193 --> 00:11:08,079 变成了你遇事时不假思索的反应 333 00:11:08,232 --> 00:11:09,500 这才是认知 334 00:11:09,833 --> 00:11:10,719 是结构 335 00:11:11,781 --> 00:11:13,009 佛学里还有一个词 336 00:11:13,302 --> 00:11:14,749 叫所知障 337 00:11:15,101 --> 00:11:15,649 意思是 338 00:11:15,942 --> 00:11:17,348 你知道的那些东西 339 00:11:17,501 --> 00:11:19,708 本身会变成你的障碍 340 00:11:19,942 --> 00:11:22,749 你以为知识是越多越好的阶梯 341 00:11:22,942 --> 00:11:25,869 但当它变成一堵你不肯拆的墙 342 00:11:26,182 --> 00:11:28,548 它就成了挡住你的那个东西 343 00:11:29,461 --> 00:11:30,368 我再多说一句 344 00:11:30,740 --> 00:11:32,067 跟AI有关的 345 00:11:32,461 --> 00:11:33,927 这些年大模型火起来 346 00:11:34,220 --> 00:11:35,187 很多人问 347 00:11:35,301 --> 00:11:37,180 AI那上万亿个参数 348 00:11:37,181 --> 00:11:39,508 是不是就是它学到的全部知识 349 00:11:39,980 --> 00:11:40,947 其实不是 350 00:11:41,380 --> 00:11:42,908 那上万亿个参数 351 00:11:42,941 --> 00:11:44,988 存的不是一条一条的知识 352 00:11:45,140 --> 00:11:48,748 它存的是知识与知识之间关系的形状 353 00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:50,148 是一种结构 354 00:11:50,461 --> 00:11:51,728 这跟我们今天说的 355 00:11:51,980 --> 00:11:53,187 是同一件事 356 00:11:53,620 --> 00:11:54,707 智能这个东西 357 00:11:54,900 --> 00:11:57,427 从来都不藏在你记住了多少 358 00:11:57,541 --> 00:11:59,259 而藏在你的内部 359 00:11:59,260 --> 00:12:01,187 长成了一个什么样的形状 360 00:12:02,144 --> 00:12:05,704 所以你回过头看那个读了一柜子书却没变过的人 361 00:12:05,705 --> 00:12:07,512 你就明白他卡在哪里了 362 00:12:07,705 --> 00:12:09,392 他一辈子都在做同化 363 00:12:09,465 --> 00:12:11,191 从来没敢做一次顺应 364 00:12:11,305 --> 00:12:12,704 他把所有新信息 365 00:12:12,705 --> 00:12:15,552 都焊在了那张几十年没动过的旧网上 366 00:12:16,438 --> 00:12:17,326 那怎么办 367 00:12:17,719 --> 00:12:19,365 我没有一个轻松的答案 368 00:12:19,635 --> 00:12:20,302 我只能说 369 00:12:20,716 --> 00:12:21,562 下一次 370 00:12:21,635 --> 00:12:25,883 当你刷到一个让你浑身不舒服 特别想反驳的观点时 371 00:12:25,995 --> 00:12:27,062 先别急着划走 372 00:12:27,395 --> 00:12:28,682 也别急着反驳 373 00:12:28,956 --> 00:12:29,982 在那个不舒服里 374 00:12:30,155 --> 00:12:31,283 多待一会儿 375 00:12:31,355 --> 00:12:34,322 你甚至可以留意一下那一刻你身体的反应 376 00:12:34,556 --> 00:12:36,243 可能是胸口有点发紧 377 00:12:36,275 --> 00:12:37,962 可能是太阳穴有点发胀 378 00:12:38,235 --> 00:12:40,523 那其实是你的旧结构在抵抗 379 00:12:40,676 --> 00:12:41,623 它在小声地喊 380 00:12:41,956 --> 00:12:42,543 别拆我 381 00:12:42,796 --> 00:12:43,722 别拆我 382 00:12:44,076 --> 00:12:45,154 那个不舒服 383 00:12:45,155 --> 00:12:47,154 可能根本不是你被冒犯了 384 00:12:47,155 --> 00:12:49,914 而是你大脑里某一片旧的电路 385 00:12:49,916 --> 00:12:50,822 正在被一只手 386 00:12:51,076 --> 00:12:52,363 轻轻地撬动 387 00:12:53,344 --> 00:12:54,383 那一下撬动 388 00:12:54,384 --> 00:12:56,783 比你今天存进去的一百个文件 389 00:12:56,783 --> 00:12:58,951 都更接近真正的成长 390 00:12:59,213 --> 00:13:00,579 我留一个问题给你 391 00:13:00,852 --> 00:13:01,640 你回想一下 392 00:13:02,012 --> 00:13:03,420 你这辈子到现在 393 00:13:03,532 --> 00:13:06,459 真正称得上一次认知重装的时刻 394 00:13:06,532 --> 00:13:07,459 是哪一次 395 00:13:07,772 --> 00:13:11,099 是哪一句话 哪一件事 哪一个人 396 00:13:11,293 --> 00:13:12,979 把你某一个旧抽屉 397 00:13:13,012 --> 00:13:14,179 彻底拆掉了 398 00:13:14,612 --> 00:13:18,099 你还记得当时那个悬空的 混乱的感觉吗 399 00:13:18,492 --> 00:13:19,679 在评论区告诉我 400 00:13:20,012 --> 00:13:21,260 我很想听听 401 00:13:21,333 --> 00:13:22,280 你的操作系统 402 00:13:22,612 --> 00:13:24,140 是被什么重装的 403 00:13:24,495 --> 00:13:25,202 我是王利杰 404 00:13:25,495 --> 00:13:26,538 我们下期见