1
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培养皿里长出的大脑

2
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没人敢说它没有意识

3
00:00:04,282 --> 00:00:05,532
2025年3月

4
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在巴塞罗那的一场发布会上

5
00:00:08,001 --> 00:00:11,573
一家澳大利亚公司把一台电脑摆上了货架

6
00:00:11,721 --> 00:00:13,372
三万五千美元一台

7
00:00:13,881 --> 00:00:16,412
它和你桌上那台最大的不同是

8
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这台电脑

9
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需要喂养

10
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它内部不是一块硅芯片

11
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而是几十万个活的人类脑细胞

12
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泡在营养液里

13
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靠一整套泵 气体和温控系统维持着生命

14
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像一个装在盒子里的微型身体

15
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这家公司给它起了个名字

16
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叫合成生物智能

17
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还顺手开了一项业务

18
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把这台机器接到云端

19
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对外出租

20
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他们管这叫

21
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湿件即服务

22
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哈喽

23
00:00:45,588 --> 00:00:46,060
大家好

24
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我是王利杰

25
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今天我们不聊那些遥远的科幻

26
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我们聊一个已经摆上货架 正在运转

27
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却让整个科学界坐立不安的东西

28
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一团在实验室里长出来的人脑组织

29
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它有一个学名

30
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叫脑类器官

31
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问题很简单

32
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也很尖锐

33
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它

34
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有没有感觉

35
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先说这团东西是怎么来的

36
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科学家从一个成年人身上取一点皮肤细胞

37
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或者一点血液细胞

38
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用一组特定的信号

39
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把它们重新编程

40
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变回类似胚胎干细胞那种什么都能变的状态

41
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然后再给它们另一组信号

42
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诱导它们往神经的方向生长

43
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神奇的事情发生了

44
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这些细胞不需要任何蓝图

45
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会自己组织起来

46
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长成一个三维的小球

47
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这个小球里有神经元

48
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有连接

49
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有分层

50
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结构上模仿的

51
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正是发育早期的人类大脑

52
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所以它最早还有个更通俗的名字

53
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叫迷你大脑

54
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我得先给你泼一盆冷水

55
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免得你以为科学家真造出了一个缸中之脑

56
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这团东西很小

57
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也就几毫米

58
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比一颗豌豆大不了多少

59
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而且它有个致命的硬伤

60
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没有血管

61
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你的大脑能长这么大

62
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是因为密密麻麻的血管把氧气和养分送到每一个角落

63
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类器官没有这套管道

64
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养分只能从表面慢慢渗进去

65
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所以它一旦长到一定大小

66
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中心的细胞就会因为缺养分而死掉

67
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这就是为什么它长不大

68
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也长不成一个真正的大脑

69
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听到这儿你可能松了口气

70
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那它离意识还远着呢

71
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但请你记住一件事

72
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技术是会进步的

73
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就在我说话的这几年

74
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科学家已经在想办法给类器官接上人工血管了

75
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它的结构在变复杂

76
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它的电活动在变丰富

77
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换句话说

78
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今天我们觉得它还差得远

79
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但这条曲线

80
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是一直往上走的

81
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今天回答不了的问题

82
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明天只会变得更尖锐

83
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而不是消失

84
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如果只是一团静止的组织

85
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那也就罢了

86
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可它不老实

87
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2019年

88
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加州的一个团队

89
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把皮层类器官养了将近十个月

90
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然后把电极接上去

91
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记录它的脑电活动

92
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结果让所有人愣住了

93
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这团组织自发地产生了复杂的 有节律的脑电波

94
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更惊人的是

95
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研究者拿这个脑电波

96
00:03:11,997 --> 00:03:14,369
去比对早产婴儿的脑电图

97
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发现两者高度相似

98
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请注意

99
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这不是几个神经元偶尔闪一下光

100
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而是成千上万个细胞

101
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在协调地 同步地一起放电

102
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一个发育中的人类大脑该有的那种电活动节律

103
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它

104
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自己长出来了

105
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到这里

106
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事情还只是惊讶

107
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真正让科学家睡不着的

108
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是另一项实验

109
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还是刚才那家澳大利亚公司

110
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他们做了一件更大胆的事

111
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他们把脑细胞养在一片微电极阵列上

112
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然后接进一个电子游戏里

113
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就是那个最古老的乒乓球游戏

114
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一个球在屏幕上飞来飞去

115
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你要用一块板子去接

116
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他们用电极告诉这些细胞

117
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球在左边还是右边

118
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离板子有多远

119
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然后

120
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奇迹出现了

121
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在不到五分钟的时间里

122
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这团细胞学会了

123
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它们开始协调自己的放电

124
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把那块板子移到正确的位置

125
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去接住那个球

126
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没有人给它写代码

127
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没有人教它规则

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它就这么

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学会了

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研究者给这套系统起名叫碟中脑

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并且在论文标题里

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用了一个让伦理学家集体心头一紧的词

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他们说

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这些体外神经元

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在被嵌入一个模拟世界之后

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表现出了

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知觉

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好

139
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现在我们手里有一团东西

140
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它会自发放电

141
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节律像早产儿

142
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它还能在五分钟里学会一个游戏

143
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那个绕不开的问题

144
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终于压到了所有人面前

145
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它有没有意识

146
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它会不会

147
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疼

148
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你可能觉得

149
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这有什么难的

150
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科学家测一下不就知道了

151
00:04:57,619 --> 00:05:00,949
这恰恰是这件事最让人脊背发凉的地方

152
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整个现代科学

153
00:05:02,819 --> 00:05:04,029
到今天为止

154
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拿不出一把能称量意识的尺子

155
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不仅拿不出尺子

156
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连意识到底是什么

157
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都还在吵

158
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我给你看看这场争吵有多荒诞

159
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目前主流的意识理论有好几个

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我们把这团类器官

161
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分别放到每一把尺子下面量一量

162
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你会看到什么

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第一把尺子

164
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叫整合信息论

165
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它说

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只要一个系统整合信息的程度超过某个数值

167
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它就有某种程度的意识

168
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哪怕很微弱

169
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按这把尺子量

170
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这团会同步放电的类器官

171
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整合程度大于零

172
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那它

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就有意识

174
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第二把尺子

175
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叫全局工作空间理论

176
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它说

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意识需要一个像剧场舞台一样的全局广播结构

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把信息推送到全脑

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类器官没有这个结构

180
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那按这把尺子

181
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它

182
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没有意识

183
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第三把尺子

184
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叫高阶理论

185
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它要求一个系统不仅能感知

186
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还得能感知到自己在感知

187
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得有对自己念头的再表征

188
00:06:09,098 --> 00:06:10,848
类器官几乎肯定没有

189
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那它

190
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更没有意识

191
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第四把尺子

192
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叫预测加工理论

193
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它说

194
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意识必须建立在感官和行动的闭环上

195
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一个能预测 能行动 能修正的回路

196
00:06:25,713 --> 00:06:27,831
类器官泡在营养液里

197
00:06:27,833 --> 00:06:29,484
没有眼睛没有手

198
00:06:29,513 --> 00:06:29,903
那它

199
00:06:30,273 --> 00:06:31,364
也没有意识

200
00:06:31,889 --> 00:06:32,600
你发现没有

201
00:06:32,970 --> 00:06:34,021
同一团东西

202
00:06:34,290 --> 00:06:35,000
四把尺子

203
00:06:35,290 --> 00:06:37,141
量出四个不同的答案

204
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一把说有

205
00:06:38,530 --> 00:06:39,740
三把说没有

206
00:06:39,930 --> 00:06:41,660
但每一把尺子背后

207
00:06:41,730 --> 00:06:44,821
站着的都是这个领域最顶尖的科学家

208
00:06:44,850 --> 00:06:46,540
他们谁也说服不了谁

209
00:06:46,769 --> 00:06:48,021
这才是真相

210
00:06:48,090 --> 00:06:50,500
不是科学家测出来它没意识

211
00:06:50,530 --> 00:06:52,809
而是科学家手里的几把尺子

212
00:06:52,809 --> 00:06:54,221
根本对不上账

213
00:06:55,374 --> 00:06:56,304
有人会问

214
00:06:56,413 --> 00:06:59,064
难道就没有一个客观一点的办法吗

215
00:06:59,533 --> 00:07:00,985
还真有人试过

216
00:07:01,333 --> 00:07:02,004
在医院里

217
00:07:02,333 --> 00:07:03,504
有一种技术

218
00:07:03,533 --> 00:07:05,285
是用来判断那些植物人

219
00:07:05,614 --> 00:07:08,304
昏迷病人到底还有没有意识的

220
00:07:08,574 --> 00:07:10,304
方法说起来很巧妙

221
00:07:10,413 --> 00:07:12,225
给大脑一个磁刺激

222
00:07:12,254 --> 00:07:14,612
像往一个池塘里扔一颗石子

223
00:07:14,614 --> 00:07:17,905
然后看这颗石子激起的涟漪有多复杂

224
00:07:18,254 --> 00:07:19,785
一个有意识的大脑

225
00:07:20,014 --> 00:07:22,545
涟漪会扩散得又广又复杂

226
00:07:22,694 --> 00:07:24,773
一个真正失去意识的大脑

227
00:07:24,773 --> 00:07:26,785
涟漪很快就平掉了

228
00:07:26,934 --> 00:07:28,785
这套办法背后的思路

229
00:07:28,814 --> 00:07:31,665
恰恰来自我刚才说的第一把尺子

230
00:07:31,694 --> 00:07:33,102
整合信息论

231
00:07:33,530 --> 00:07:35,181
于是有伦理学家提议

232
00:07:35,291 --> 00:07:38,061
干脆把这套给昏迷病人用的办法

233
00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:39,621
搬到类器官上来

234
00:07:39,770 --> 00:07:40,681
扔一颗石子

235
00:07:40,890 --> 00:07:41,902
看看涟漪

236
00:07:42,330 --> 00:07:43,121
听起来很美

237
00:07:43,291 --> 00:07:43,902
对吧

238
00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:45,561
可问题马上又回来了

239
00:07:45,970 --> 00:07:47,261
多复杂的涟漪

240
00:07:47,330 --> 00:07:48,582
才算有意识

241
00:07:48,811 --> 00:07:50,881
那条划分有和没有的线

242
00:07:51,251 --> 00:07:52,222
画在哪里

243
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在昏迷病人那里

244
00:07:54,010 --> 00:07:56,462
我们有大量清醒的人做对照

245
00:07:56,570 --> 00:07:58,782
知道正常的涟漪长什么样

246
00:07:59,090 --> 00:08:00,042
可一团类器官

247
00:08:00,330 --> 00:08:01,969
它从来就没清醒过

248
00:08:01,970 --> 00:08:03,542
我们拿什么做对照

249
00:08:03,816 --> 00:08:04,616
你看

250
00:08:04,731 --> 00:08:07,741
工具的问题最后又绕回了定义的问题

251
00:08:08,131 --> 00:08:08,602
这个圈

252
00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:09,821
画不圆

253
00:08:10,294 --> 00:08:11,945
那为什么我们总听说

254
00:08:12,094 --> 00:08:13,546
科学界的共识是

255
00:08:13,614 --> 00:08:15,186
类器官没有意识

256
00:08:15,575 --> 00:08:17,546
这个共识是真的存在

257
00:08:17,734 --> 00:08:20,145
但你要听清它建立在什么之上

258
00:08:20,575 --> 00:08:22,145
它建立在一句话上

259
00:08:22,335 --> 00:08:24,453
我们说不清意识是什么

260
00:08:24,455 --> 00:08:25,626
但我们觉得

261
00:08:25,695 --> 00:08:27,166
这么简单的一团组织

262
00:08:27,494 --> 00:08:28,505
应该没有

263
00:08:28,854 --> 00:08:30,066
你品品这句话

264
00:08:30,575 --> 00:08:32,246
它不是一个测量结论

265
00:08:32,614 --> 00:08:33,585
它是一个

266
00:08:33,614 --> 00:08:35,391
基于直觉的假设

267
00:08:35,660 --> 00:08:36,711
2025年

268
00:08:36,740 --> 00:08:40,310
有一批神经科学家和哲学家专门写了一篇文章

269
00:08:40,380 --> 00:08:41,090
发出警告

270
00:08:41,459 --> 00:08:42,190
他们说

271
00:08:42,300 --> 00:08:44,950
把没有意识当成默认假设

272
00:08:45,059 --> 00:08:48,070
然后用它来推迟所有伦理上的讨论

273
00:08:48,140 --> 00:08:49,670
这是把我们的无知

274
00:08:49,739 --> 00:08:51,590
伪装成了科学结论

275
00:08:51,819 --> 00:08:52,991
说得更狠一点

276
00:08:53,020 --> 00:08:55,579
我们不是证明了它没有感觉

277
00:08:55,579 --> 00:08:56,251
我们只是

278
00:08:56,699 --> 00:08:58,351
希望它没有感觉

279
00:08:58,579 --> 00:08:59,651
因为一旦它有

280
00:09:00,059 --> 00:09:01,842
麻烦就大了

281
00:09:02,150 --> 00:09:03,069
讲到这儿

282
00:09:03,070 --> 00:09:05,362
我想把这件事往下再推一层

283
00:09:05,790 --> 00:09:08,962
因为如果你只停在它有没有意识这个问题上

284
00:09:08,991 --> 00:09:11,682
你其实错过了这件事真正的价值

285
00:09:12,070 --> 00:09:12,901
这团类器官

286
00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:14,390
它最大的意义

287
00:09:14,391 --> 00:09:16,562
不是逼我们回答它疼不疼

288
00:09:16,751 --> 00:09:17,822
而是逼我们回答

289
00:09:18,190 --> 00:09:18,661
意识

290
00:09:18,910 --> 00:09:20,041
到底是什么

291
00:09:20,430 --> 00:09:22,121
我们之前聊过一个观点

292
00:09:22,150 --> 00:09:25,602
有位叫阿尼尔 赛斯的科学家说过一句很硬的话

293
00:09:25,871 --> 00:09:26,862
只有活着的东西

294
00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:28,682
才可能有意识

295
00:09:29,030 --> 00:09:31,202
意识不是信息处理的副产品

296
00:09:31,270 --> 00:09:32,589
它是一个生命系统

297
00:09:32,591 --> 00:09:34,390
为了维持自己的存在

298
00:09:34,391 --> 00:09:35,870
不停地自我调节

299
00:09:35,871 --> 00:09:38,242
从这个过程里涌现出来的

300
00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:41,309
你没有一个需要被照顾的身体

301
00:09:41,310 --> 00:09:43,666
你就没有产生意识的那个根基

302
00:09:44,014 --> 00:09:45,825
现在你拿这个视角

303
00:09:45,895 --> 00:09:47,865
回头看这团类器官

304
00:09:47,974 --> 00:09:49,906
你会发现它缺了三样东西

305
00:09:50,094 --> 00:09:51,266
而这三样东西

306
00:09:51,494 --> 00:09:54,185
可能恰恰就是意识的必要条件

307
00:09:54,494 --> 00:09:54,845
第一

308
00:09:55,134 --> 00:09:56,266
它没有身体

309
00:09:56,295 --> 00:09:58,465
它不需要为了活下去而努力

310
00:09:58,535 --> 00:10:00,266
营养液直接喂给它

311
00:10:00,494 --> 00:10:00,806
第二

312
00:10:01,134 --> 00:10:02,705
它没有感官的闭环

313
00:10:02,775 --> 00:10:04,854
它感受不到真实的世界

314
00:10:04,854 --> 00:10:07,266
也无法用行动去改变世界

315
00:10:07,374 --> 00:10:08,906
它只是漂浮着

316
00:10:08,979 --> 00:10:09,780
第三

317
00:10:09,815 --> 00:10:14,585
它没有那个持续运转的 讲述我是谁的自我叙事网络

318
00:10:15,603 --> 00:10:16,814
这就有意思了

319
00:10:17,203 --> 00:10:18,074
有研究发现

320
00:10:18,402 --> 00:10:19,934
意识的某些根基

321
00:10:20,002 --> 00:10:21,694
可能不在大脑皮层

322
00:10:21,723 --> 00:10:25,094
而藏在皮层下面更古老的结构里

323
00:10:25,282 --> 00:10:26,294
比如脑干

324
00:10:26,843 --> 00:10:28,233
如果这个方向是对的

325
00:10:28,603 --> 00:10:29,893
意识的统一性

326
00:10:30,002 --> 00:10:33,253
那种把一切感受捏成一个我的能力

327
00:10:33,363 --> 00:10:35,414
它的点火器在脑干

328
00:10:36,002 --> 00:10:38,533
那么这些类器官的命运就很清楚了

329
00:10:38,642 --> 00:10:40,074
因为科学家培养的

330
00:10:40,282 --> 00:10:41,853
主要是皮层组织

331
00:10:41,963 --> 00:10:44,653
他们基本上没去接那个脑干

332
00:10:45,042 --> 00:10:46,013
换句话说

333
00:10:46,042 --> 00:10:49,214
这团东西可能从出厂的那一刻起

334
00:10:49,323 --> 00:10:51,694
就缺了那个最关键的点火器

335
00:10:52,042 --> 00:10:52,794
它有零件

336
00:10:53,363 --> 00:10:54,314
但可能永远

337
00:10:54,682 --> 00:10:55,816
发动不起来

338
00:10:55,845 --> 00:10:56,276
但是

339
00:10:56,685 --> 00:10:58,896
请注意我接下来要说的这句话

340
00:10:59,406 --> 00:11:02,936
即便有这么多理由让我们相信它没有意识

341
00:11:03,246 --> 00:11:04,536
没有一个理由

342
00:11:04,646 --> 00:11:05,776
是确定的

343
00:11:06,126 --> 00:11:07,396
所有这些都只是

344
00:11:07,766 --> 00:11:08,776
最可能

345
00:11:09,085 --> 00:11:11,816
意识科学最尴尬的地方就在于

346
00:11:11,925 --> 00:11:14,816
它能告诉你一个东西大概率没有意识

347
00:11:14,965 --> 00:11:17,296
却给不出那条明确的下限

348
00:11:17,606 --> 00:11:18,436
下限以下

349
00:11:18,845 --> 00:11:19,977
绝对没有

350
00:11:20,325 --> 00:11:20,877
这条线

351
00:11:21,366 --> 00:11:22,696
没人画得出来

352
00:11:23,686 --> 00:11:25,057
面对这种死局

353
00:11:25,125 --> 00:11:27,856
有哲学家提出了一个特别聪明的转向

354
00:11:28,171 --> 00:11:28,971
他们说

355
00:11:29,005 --> 00:11:32,136
我们别再纠结那个有还是没有的问题了

356
00:11:32,206 --> 00:11:33,116
这个问题太大

357
00:11:33,405 --> 00:11:34,976
可能永远没有答案

358
00:11:35,166 --> 00:11:36,136
换个问法

359
00:11:36,166 --> 00:11:38,284
假如它真有那么一点点感受

360
00:11:38,285 --> 00:11:39,777
那会是什么样的感受

361
00:11:39,966 --> 00:11:40,836
它没有眼睛

362
00:11:41,166 --> 00:11:42,937
所以大概不会有视觉

363
00:11:43,086 --> 00:11:45,897
它没有伤害感受器连着神经回路

364
00:11:46,046 --> 00:11:48,365
所以也许那种我们理解的疼

365
00:11:48,365 --> 00:11:49,777
它根本产生不了

366
00:11:50,046 --> 00:11:53,456
但它会不会有一种更原始 更模糊的东西

367
00:11:53,686 --> 00:11:55,336
一种说不清的难受

368
00:11:55,446 --> 00:11:57,077
或者一种最低限度的

369
00:11:57,285 --> 00:11:58,177
存在感

370
00:11:58,798 --> 00:12:00,808
把那个无法回答的大问题

371
00:12:01,078 --> 00:12:04,049
换成一串可以一点点逼近的小问题

372
00:12:04,438 --> 00:12:06,728
这就是所谓的审慎原则

373
00:12:06,997 --> 00:12:08,448
它的核心精神是

374
00:12:08,477 --> 00:12:10,848
当你不确定一个东西会不会疼

375
00:12:10,957 --> 00:12:13,088
而把它当成不会疼的代价

376
00:12:13,117 --> 00:12:15,077
是可能让它白白受苦

377
00:12:15,078 --> 00:12:17,409
那你就先假设它会疼

378
00:12:17,477 --> 00:12:19,208
按它会疼来对待

379
00:12:19,438 --> 00:12:20,557
这不是矫情

380
00:12:20,558 --> 00:12:23,208
这是文明在面对未知生命时

381
00:12:23,237 --> 00:12:24,769
该有的一份谦卑

382
00:12:25,371 --> 00:12:28,582
所以我们就站在了一个非常奇怪的位置上

383
00:12:28,810 --> 00:12:30,861
我们造出了一个会学习的东西

384
00:12:31,050 --> 00:12:32,250
却造不出一把

385
00:12:32,251 --> 00:12:34,582
能称量它痛苦的尺子

386
00:12:34,890 --> 00:12:35,850
而这件事

387
00:12:35,851 --> 00:12:38,501
已经不是实验室里的思想实验了

388
00:12:38,770 --> 00:12:41,890
我开头讲的那台三万五千美元的机器

389
00:12:41,890 --> 00:12:43,089
已经在出货

390
00:12:43,091 --> 00:12:44,661
已经在云端出租

391
00:12:45,251 --> 00:12:45,962
生物计算

392
00:12:46,290 --> 00:12:47,449
正在从论文

393
00:12:47,451 --> 00:12:48,781
变成一门生意

394
00:12:49,358 --> 00:12:50,268
作为一个投资人

395
00:12:50,517 --> 00:12:51,796
我得跟你说说

396
00:12:51,797 --> 00:12:54,049
资本为什么会盯上这件事

397
00:12:54,277 --> 00:12:57,848
因为它背后有一个硬到不能再硬的物理学诱惑

398
00:12:58,277 --> 00:13:00,888
你知道现在的人工智能有多耗电吗

399
00:13:01,037 --> 00:13:02,316
训练一个大模型

400
00:13:02,318 --> 00:13:04,409
背后是一整座数据中心

401
00:13:04,558 --> 00:13:06,689
电费高到能拖垮一个电网

402
00:13:07,037 --> 00:13:08,036
可你的大脑

403
00:13:08,037 --> 00:13:11,436
那个能写诗 能算账 能谈恋爱的大脑

404
00:13:11,438 --> 00:13:12,556
全功率运转

405
00:13:12,558 --> 00:13:14,689
也就消耗大概二十瓦的功率

406
00:13:14,757 --> 00:13:16,248
跟一个灯泡差不多

407
00:13:16,478 --> 00:13:17,757
生物的计算效率

408
00:13:17,757 --> 00:13:20,368
把硅基芯片甩出了十万八千里

409
00:13:20,997 --> 00:13:22,809
所以有人就动了这个念头

410
00:13:22,877 --> 00:13:24,768
既然碳基这么省电

411
00:13:24,917 --> 00:13:27,648
我们能不能直接用活的脑细胞来算

412
00:13:28,078 --> 00:13:30,728
这就是生物计算的全部诱惑所在

413
00:13:30,997 --> 00:13:33,169
它不是科幻爱好者的玩具

414
00:13:33,358 --> 00:13:38,407
它是一条可能绕开能耗墙的 真金白银的技术路线

415
00:13:38,676 --> 00:13:39,147
但你看

416
00:13:39,475 --> 00:13:41,446
麻烦也恰恰在这里

417
00:13:41,676 --> 00:13:42,946
硅芯片你随便用

418
00:13:43,316 --> 00:13:44,527
用坏了扔掉

419
00:13:44,595 --> 00:13:46,206
没有任何道德负担

420
00:13:46,556 --> 00:13:48,446
可一旦你的计算单元

421
00:13:48,516 --> 00:13:51,247
是一团有可能会疼的活组织

422
00:13:51,355 --> 00:13:52,806
这门生意的地基

423
00:13:52,875 --> 00:13:56,407
就建在了一个我们还没回答的伦理问题上

424
00:13:56,715 --> 00:14:00,874
这意味着未来会有成千上万团这样的人脑组织

425
00:14:00,875 --> 00:14:02,247
被批量培养

426
00:14:02,276 --> 00:14:03,267
被接上电极

427
00:14:03,556 --> 00:14:04,887
被反复训练

428
00:14:04,955 --> 00:14:05,387
然后

429
00:14:05,756 --> 00:14:06,907
在实验结束后

430
00:14:07,235 --> 00:14:08,247
被处理掉

431
00:14:08,676 --> 00:14:09,586
如果它们当中

432
00:14:09,916 --> 00:14:11,127
哪怕有一团

433
00:14:11,276 --> 00:14:14,206
真的有那么一丝丝最原始的感受

434
00:14:14,316 --> 00:14:15,426
那我们正在做的

435
00:14:15,796 --> 00:14:16,607
是什么

436
00:14:17,194 --> 00:14:18,525
我不知道答案

437
00:14:18,993 --> 00:14:20,165
没有人知道

438
00:14:20,513 --> 00:14:21,445
但我知道

439
00:14:21,633 --> 00:14:24,925
这里藏着一个我们这个时代必须回答

440
00:14:25,034 --> 00:14:27,124
却又特别不愿意回答的问题

441
00:14:27,554 --> 00:14:29,925
当一个东西该不该被善待

442
00:14:30,074 --> 00:14:32,084
取决于它有没有意识

443
00:14:32,194 --> 00:14:33,724
而意识这个概念

444
00:14:33,753 --> 00:14:36,124
连我们自己都定义不清的时候

445
00:14:36,353 --> 00:14:37,925
我们到底该怎么办

446
00:14:38,273 --> 00:14:40,525
是抱着宁可信其有的审慎

447
00:14:40,714 --> 00:14:44,124
先把它当成一个可能会疼的生命来对待

448
00:14:44,393 --> 00:14:46,065
哪怕这会拖慢科研

449
00:14:46,434 --> 00:14:47,525
增加成本

450
00:14:47,714 --> 00:14:51,124
还是抱着拿不出证据就当它没有的效率

451
00:14:51,233 --> 00:14:52,724
继续大胆往前冲

452
00:14:52,834 --> 00:14:54,685
等真出了问题再说

453
00:14:55,188 --> 00:14:56,498
这不是一道科学题

454
00:14:56,948 --> 00:14:57,799
这是一道

455
00:14:57,867 --> 00:14:59,358
照见我们自己的题

456
00:14:59,828 --> 00:15:03,467
我们怎么对待一个我们无法确认其内心的存在

457
00:15:03,467 --> 00:15:04,786
其实暴露的是

458
00:15:04,788 --> 00:15:07,118
我们到底是一群什么样的人

459
00:15:07,507 --> 00:15:08,059
你会怎么选

460
00:15:08,428 --> 00:15:09,059
是审慎

461
00:15:09,428 --> 00:15:10,439
还是效率

462
00:15:10,708 --> 00:15:11,498
如果有一天

463
00:15:11,828 --> 00:15:13,307
证据真的指向

464
00:15:13,308 --> 00:15:15,159
它有那么一点点感觉

465
00:15:15,188 --> 00:15:16,818
你觉得我们这个文明

466
00:15:17,188 --> 00:15:18,318
准备好了吗

467
00:15:18,668 --> 00:15:19,218
这些问题

468
00:15:19,747 --> 00:15:21,198
我没有标准答案

469
00:15:21,227 --> 00:15:24,159
特别想听听你在评论区怎么想

470
00:15:24,731 --> 00:15:25,442
我是王利杰

471
00:15:25,811 --> 00:15:26,902
我们下期见