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玄奘拆锁

2
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慧能推门

3
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你该学谁

4
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评论区有位朋友说了一句话

5
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就四个字加四个字

6
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真如实观

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唯心识观

8
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可以了解一下

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短短一句

10
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没有展开

11
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没有解释

12
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但我顺着这条线索往下挖

13
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发现他指向的是

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佛学修行领域一个最根本的分叉口

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一个你修到某个阶段

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迟早要面对的选择题

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哈喽

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大家好

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我是王利杰

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今天我想用两个人的故事

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把这个分叉口拆给你看

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先说这两个概念到底是什么

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真如实观和唯心识观

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出自 占察善恶业报经

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经里地藏菩萨说

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如果你想修行进入一实境界

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有两种观法

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第一种叫唯心识观

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第二种叫真如实观

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唯心识观

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简单说就是用分析的方式

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一层一层地拆解你的意识是怎么运作的

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你观察每一个念头是怎么生起的

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每一个情绪是怎么被触发的

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每一个判断背后藏着什么样的预设

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你拿着显微镜看自己的心

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看清楚之后

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你自然就明白了

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一切都是心识变现的

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真如实观呢

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不拆了

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直接看

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看什么

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看万法的本来面目

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不需要先搞清楚八识怎么运作

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不需要先分析种子怎么生现行

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你跳过所有中间步骤

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直接照见

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打个比方

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你面前有一台时钟

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唯心识观就是把时钟拆开

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齿轮 发条 表盘 指针

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一个一个研究

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搞清楚它为什么能走

55
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真如实观就是

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你抬头看一眼

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哦

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三点了

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你不需要知道齿轮怎么咬合

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你直接就知道了

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听起来真如实观简单多了对吧

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别急

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故事还没讲完

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第一个人

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玄奘

66
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公元629年

67
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一个二十多岁的年轻僧人偷渡出大唐国境

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他独自穿越八百里莫贺延碛大沙漠

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走了一万多公里

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到达印度

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他在那烂陀寺

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拜当时全印度最伟大的

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唯识学大师戒贤法师为师

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整个西行之旅历时十七年

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回来之后

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他翻译了七十五部经论

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一千三百多卷

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其中最核心的成果

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就是唯识学

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我们之前专门做过一期唯识论的解读

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八识 种子 三能变

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四分说 三自性 转识成智

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这些概念构成了

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人类思想史上最精密的意识分析系统

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它就像一台核磁共振仪

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能把你意识活动的每一个截面都扫描出来

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举个例子

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你看到一朵花

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普通人觉得这就是看了一眼

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但唯识学会告诉你

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这一眼里至少跑了五六个层级的处理程序

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光子通过眼根触发眼识

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眼识把原始数据

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传给第六意识进行分类和判断

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判断的时候

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第七识末那识

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在每个环节都悄悄塞了一个标签

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这是我看到的

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所有这些数据流

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最终都是第八识阿赖耶识里的种子

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在特定因缘条件下

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现行的结果

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一朵花

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你以为你只是瞄了一下

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你的意识系统在那一瞬间做了这么多事

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这就是唯心识观的工作方式

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你拿着显微镜

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一个齿轮一个齿轮地拆

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拆到你终于明白

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原来这台时钟的每一个零件

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都是你自己的心造出来的

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玄奘一辈子做的事情

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就是给中国人提供了这台显微镜

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他创立的唯识宗

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是佛教八大宗派里学术门槛最高的

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高到什么程度

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他走了之后没几代

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唯识宗在中国就几乎断了传承

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原因很简单

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太难了

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能把八识三能变四分说全搞明白的人

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百里挑一

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你让一个刚接触佛学的人去学唯识

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就像让小学生直接去读量子力学教材

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理论上没错

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实际上他翻两页就放弃了

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所以唯心识观这条路

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精密 严谨 深刻

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但门槛极高

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你可能会问

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那普通人怎么办

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巧了

133
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几乎就在同一个时代

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中国出了另一个修行天才

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他给出了一个完全相反的方案

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第二个人

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慧能

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公元638年

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慧能出生在广东新州

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一个穷苦人家

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他没读过书

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不识字

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有一天他在街上卖柴

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听到有人在念 金刚经

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念到应无所住而生其心这一句的时候

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他愣住了

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就这一句

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他不知道什么叫阿赖耶识

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他没听过三自性

150
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他甚至不知道这部经是谁说的

151
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但是在那一瞬间

152
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他体内有什么东西被触动了

153
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然后他一路北上

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跑到湖北黄梅去找五祖弘忍

155
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弘忍让他到碓房去舂米

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他舂了八个月

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腰上绑着石头踏碓

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因为他身体太轻了

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不绑石头踩不动

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八个月后

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五祖让大家写偈子来验证各自的修行境界

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大弟子神秀写了那首著名的偈子

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身是菩提树

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心如明镜台

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时时勤拂拭

166
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勿使惹尘埃

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慧能不识字

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让人帮他写在墙上

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菩提本无树

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明镜亦非台

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本来无一物

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何处惹尘埃

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你现在回过头来想想这两首偈子

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用今天的框架重新看一遍

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神秀说的是什么

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是唯心识观的逻辑

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你的心是一面镜子

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会沾灰尘

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你得时时刻刻擦

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翻译成唯识学的语言就是

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你要不断地观察自己的意识运作

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不断地识别和清除遍计所执的叙事叠加

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持续地用分析的方式做减法

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这是勤勤恳恳的 一步一个脚印的修行

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慧能说的是什么

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是真如实观的直击

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根本就没有菩提树

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也没有明镜台

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你在擦什么

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本来就什么都没有

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注意

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慧能不是在说万物皆空 什么都不存在

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本来两个字是关键

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他看到的是事物的本来面目

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在本来面目里

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不需要一面镜子来反映什么

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不需要一棵树来承载什么

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你干嘛要先假设镜子上有灰

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然后费劲去擦呢

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这就是真如实观

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00:06:52,858 --> 00:06:54,397
你不用拆开时钟

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你抬头一看

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三点了

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清清楚楚

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讲到这里

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你可能觉得

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那真如实观明显更高级啊

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干嘛还要学唯心识观

209
00:07:05,912 --> 00:07:07,470
直接学慧能不就行了

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一步到位

211
00:07:09,032 --> 00:07:09,931
多痛快

212
00:07:10,352 --> 00:07:11,150
如果你这么想

213
00:07:11,391 --> 00:07:12,251
恭喜你

214
00:07:12,271 --> 00:07:14,730
踩中了修行路上最大的一个坑

215
00:07:15,152 --> 00:07:17,085
我来告诉你问题出在哪

216
00:07:17,426 --> 00:07:20,364
慧能的故事里有一个很容易被忽略的细节

217
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他不是在街上听了 金刚经 之后

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00:07:23,145 --> 00:07:24,645
就立刻开悟了

219
00:07:24,946 --> 00:07:26,684
他被那句话击中之后

220
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跑了几千里路去找五祖

221
00:07:29,225 --> 00:07:31,525
在寺里闷头苦干了八个月

222
00:07:31,986 --> 00:07:35,005
然后五祖还特意在半夜三更

223
00:07:35,025 --> 00:07:36,945
给他单独讲了一遍 金刚经

224
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讲到应无所住而生其心的时候

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慧能才彻底打开

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你知道这意味着什么吗

227
00:07:44,986 --> 00:07:48,364
慧能的直接看见不是凭空掉下来的

228
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用佛学的话说

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他前世积累了极深的般若种子

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他的阿赖耶识里

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存着足够多的清净种子

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所以一句话就能触发整个系统的翻转

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他是天生就站在屋顶上的人

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只需要有人喊一声往上看

235
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他就看到天空了

236
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可你呢

237
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我呢

238
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我们的阿赖耶识里存的是什么

239
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二十年的应试教育

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三十年的社会规训

241
00:08:17,169 --> 00:08:19,628
每天几个小时的短视频和朋友圈

242
00:08:19,969 --> 00:08:22,748
我们的先验信念权重高得吓人

243
00:08:23,008 --> 00:08:26,467
遍计所执层层叠叠裹了不知道多少层

244
00:08:26,849 --> 00:08:28,768
你让我们直接看见本来面目

245
00:08:29,528 --> 00:08:32,839
我们连本来面目在哪个方向都搞不清楚

246
00:08:33,140 --> 00:08:33,940
慧能之后

247
00:08:34,221 --> 00:08:36,479
禅宗在中国爆炸式传播

248
00:08:36,901 --> 00:08:39,680
但传着传着就出了一个很严重的问题

249
00:08:39,820 --> 00:08:40,999
叫口头禅

250
00:08:41,501 --> 00:08:43,900
大量的人学了几句本来无一物

251
00:08:43,901 --> 00:08:45,020
读了几个公案

252
00:08:45,021 --> 00:08:46,440
就觉得自己悟了

253
00:08:46,621 --> 00:08:47,739
嘴上说着放下

254
00:08:48,021 --> 00:08:49,599
心里什么都没放下

255
00:08:49,700 --> 00:08:51,440
嘴上说着不需要分析

256
00:08:51,501 --> 00:08:53,599
实际上连分析什么都不知道

257
00:08:53,820 --> 00:08:55,719
他们不是在直接看见

258
00:08:55,741 --> 00:08:58,320
他们是在模仿直接看见的姿势

259
00:08:58,580 --> 00:08:59,800
更麻烦的是

260
00:08:59,820 --> 00:09:02,999
因为禅宗讲不立文字 教外别传

261
00:09:03,141 --> 00:09:04,479
这些人还觉得自己

262
00:09:04,501 --> 00:09:07,040
不需要学经典 不需要搞理论

263
00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:09,800
仿佛什么都不学就是最高境界

264
00:09:10,541 --> 00:09:12,839
殊不知慧能虽然不识字

265
00:09:12,860 --> 00:09:16,079
但他的般若智慧是多少世的积累

266
00:09:16,301 --> 00:09:17,420
你跳过了积累

267
00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:19,440
直接模仿他的结论

268
00:09:19,501 --> 00:09:20,540
那不叫顿悟

269
00:09:20,940 --> 00:09:22,167
那叫自欺

270
00:09:22,509 --> 00:09:24,087
这就好比有人听说

271
00:09:24,148 --> 00:09:26,508
游泳冠军是靠放松身体

272
00:09:26,509 --> 00:09:27,768
才游那么快的

273
00:09:27,869 --> 00:09:30,488
于是他跳进水里也放松

274
00:09:30,629 --> 00:09:32,167
然后沉下去了

275
00:09:32,668 --> 00:09:34,228
游泳冠军能放松

276
00:09:34,229 --> 00:09:36,288
是因为他练了十年基本功

277
00:09:36,308 --> 00:09:39,008
每一块肌肉都知道在水里怎么发力

278
00:09:39,389 --> 00:09:40,427
你连浮都不会

279
00:09:40,629 --> 00:09:41,467
你放松什么

280
00:09:42,308 --> 00:09:43,128
这个问题

281
00:09:43,308 --> 00:09:46,207
禅宗内部的大师们自己看得一清二楚

282
00:09:46,548 --> 00:09:49,408
所以后来的禅师发明了参话头

283
00:09:49,428 --> 00:09:50,567
发明了棒喝

284
00:09:50,589 --> 00:09:52,327
发明了各种方便手段

285
00:09:52,668 --> 00:09:54,187
这些方法的本质是什么

286
00:09:54,668 --> 00:09:57,547
就是给那些接不住直指人心的普通人

287
00:09:57,548 --> 00:09:59,488
提供一个过渡的台阶

288
00:09:59,908 --> 00:10:00,667
你看到了吗

289
00:10:01,589 --> 00:10:03,067
修行的两种观法

290
00:10:03,068 --> 00:10:05,865
不是你想选哪条就选哪条的

291
00:10:06,126 --> 00:10:07,906
唯心识观是地基

292
00:10:08,366 --> 00:10:11,145
你得先搞清楚意识是怎么运作的

293
00:10:11,527 --> 00:10:13,426
先看见遍计所执

294
00:10:13,567 --> 00:10:15,786
是怎么在依他起的数据流上

295
00:10:15,966 --> 00:10:17,306
叠加叙事的

296
00:10:17,567 --> 00:10:20,345
先理解种子是怎么被激活的

297
00:10:20,846 --> 00:10:22,706
先建立清晰的正见

298
00:10:23,086 --> 00:10:24,406
这个过程很慢

299
00:10:24,767 --> 00:10:25,706
很枯燥

300
00:10:25,887 --> 00:10:29,306
有时候像在读一本你不太看得懂的说明书

301
00:10:29,726 --> 00:10:31,586
但是没有这本说明书

302
00:10:31,647 --> 00:10:34,786
你连自己被什么东西困住了都不知道

303
00:10:35,287 --> 00:10:38,826
这就是评论区花花问的那个问题的前半段

304
00:10:39,246 --> 00:10:39,605
她问

305
00:10:40,086 --> 00:10:41,666
对大多数人而言

306
00:10:41,767 --> 00:10:45,245
先建立清晰的正见本身是不是必要的药

307
00:10:46,007 --> 00:10:46,406
是的

308
00:10:46,606 --> 00:10:48,092
就是药

309
00:10:48,513 --> 00:10:50,592
但药吃够了就得停

310
00:10:50,592 --> 00:10:52,572
这是花花问题的后半段

311
00:10:52,633 --> 00:10:54,491
也是最锋利的那一刀

312
00:10:54,752 --> 00:10:55,111
她问

313
00:10:55,553 --> 00:10:57,572
我们是否应该在某一刻

314
00:10:57,592 --> 00:11:00,351
连无自性缘起这些概念也放下

315
00:11:00,992 --> 00:11:01,552
答案是

316
00:11:01,913 --> 00:11:03,011
必须放下

317
00:11:03,313 --> 00:11:06,491
因为唯心识观有一个内建的天花板

318
00:11:06,673 --> 00:11:09,052
你用分析的方式观察意识

319
00:11:09,112 --> 00:11:10,672
分析得越精密

320
00:11:10,673 --> 00:11:13,572
你就越依赖分析这个动作本身

321
00:11:13,872 --> 00:11:15,471
你用概念拆解概念

322
00:11:15,752 --> 00:11:16,771
拆到最后

323
00:11:16,832 --> 00:11:19,092
手里剩下的还是概念

324
00:11:19,352 --> 00:11:21,891
你把时钟拆成了一万个零件

325
00:11:21,952 --> 00:11:23,332
摆满了一整桌

326
00:11:23,433 --> 00:11:26,559
但你反而更不知道几点了

327
00:11:26,981 --> 00:11:28,199
我们之前那期

328
00:11:28,260 --> 00:11:30,799
我讲错的概念就碰到了这个天花板

329
00:11:31,180 --> 00:11:33,760
我把唯识学的概念讲得头头是道

330
00:11:34,020 --> 00:11:37,120
圆成实 所知障 无分别智

331
00:11:37,221 --> 00:11:38,880
每个都有漂亮的解释

332
00:11:39,101 --> 00:11:42,079
然后评论区的黄居士一句话把我打醒了

333
00:11:42,260 --> 00:11:42,579
她说

334
00:11:43,180 --> 00:11:43,860
谁在分析

335
00:11:44,420 --> 00:11:47,679
那个想绕过末那识 想去修改参数的念头

336
00:11:47,701 --> 00:11:49,720
本身就是末那识在运作

337
00:11:50,101 --> 00:11:51,520
你以为你在修行

338
00:11:51,621 --> 00:11:53,880
其实你在给末那识做按摩

339
00:11:54,420 --> 00:11:55,919
十三兄说得更直接

340
00:11:56,260 --> 00:12:00,000
他说觉悟不是你拿到管理员权限去改意识代码

341
00:12:00,341 --> 00:12:02,640
是当你松到什么都不挡的时候

342
00:12:02,741 --> 00:12:04,120
你会自己看见

343
00:12:04,660 --> 00:12:05,819
他们指出的

344
00:12:05,821 --> 00:12:10,159
就是从唯心识观到真如实观的那个转折点

345
00:12:10,420 --> 00:12:12,220
你用分析搭了一架梯子

346
00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:13,480
爬到了屋顶

347
00:12:13,701 --> 00:12:16,240
但从屋顶到天空的那最后一步

348
00:12:16,341 --> 00:12:17,840
你得把梯子扔了

349
00:12:18,221 --> 00:12:19,880
你没法带着梯子飞

350
00:12:20,341 --> 00:12:21,220
那你可能会问

351
00:12:21,660 --> 00:12:23,260
既然最后都要扔掉

352
00:12:23,260 --> 00:12:24,539
那干嘛还要搭梯子

353
00:12:25,260 --> 00:12:27,559
因为如果你从来没爬上过屋顶

354
00:12:27,620 --> 00:12:29,559
你不知道天空长什么样

355
00:12:29,941 --> 00:12:32,360
你站在地面上仰着脖子看

356
00:12:32,540 --> 00:12:35,480
你以为天空就是头顶那一小块蓝色

357
00:12:35,900 --> 00:12:37,519
你得爬到屋顶上去

358
00:12:37,540 --> 00:12:40,039
才能看到天空是无边无际的

359
00:12:40,341 --> 00:12:42,240
然后你才有可能理解

360
00:12:42,300 --> 00:12:44,039
为什么要扔掉梯子

361
00:12:44,380 --> 00:12:46,640
真如实观不是跳过分析

362
00:12:47,020 --> 00:12:49,159
真如实观是穿过分析

363
00:12:49,900 --> 00:12:52,220
你得走完唯心识观的全程

364
00:12:52,221 --> 00:12:53,480
走到它的尽头

365
00:12:53,660 --> 00:12:55,439
走到你亲身体验到

366
00:12:55,461 --> 00:12:58,360
分析本身也是一种执着的那个时刻

367
00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:01,723
真如实观才有可能自然发生

368
00:13:02,064 --> 00:13:04,042
不是你去做真如实观

369
00:13:04,424 --> 00:13:06,662
是你把该拆的都拆完了

370
00:13:06,664 --> 00:13:08,262
该看的都看透了

371
00:13:08,263 --> 00:13:10,162
该放的都放下了之后

372
00:13:10,263 --> 00:13:12,042
真如自己显现了

373
00:13:12,184 --> 00:13:13,363
就像一池水

374
00:13:13,464 --> 00:13:16,203
你不是把水抽干了去看底下的石头

375
00:13:16,263 --> 00:13:17,542
你只是停止搅动

376
00:13:17,903 --> 00:13:19,522
泥沙自己会沉底

377
00:13:19,544 --> 00:13:21,083
水自然就清了

378
00:13:21,223 --> 00:13:22,103
你什么都没做

379
00:13:22,424 --> 00:13:24,134
清就在那里了

380
00:13:24,195 --> 00:13:26,195
这就是为什么龙树菩萨的 中论

381
00:13:26,636 --> 00:13:28,435
先用最严密的逻辑

382
00:13:28,436 --> 00:13:30,494
推导出一切法无自性

383
00:13:30,636 --> 00:13:32,894
又说心行言语断

384
00:13:33,315 --> 00:13:35,014
他不是说逻辑没用

385
00:13:35,235 --> 00:13:37,695
他是说逻辑有用到这一步

386
00:13:37,796 --> 00:13:38,874
这一步之后

387
00:13:38,876 --> 00:13:40,655
你得换一种方式了

388
00:13:41,276 --> 00:13:43,335
逻辑就是那架梯子

389
00:13:43,796 --> 00:13:46,094
这也是为什么 金刚经 反复说

390
00:13:46,276 --> 00:13:47,575
如来所说法

391
00:13:47,595 --> 00:13:48,394
皆不可取

392
00:13:48,715 --> 00:13:49,575
不可说

393
00:13:50,156 --> 00:13:53,455
佛陀不是在否定自己讲了四十九年的法

394
00:13:53,835 --> 00:13:55,035
他是在提醒你

395
00:13:55,396 --> 00:13:57,014
我给你的是竹筏

396
00:13:57,036 --> 00:13:58,014
不是彼岸

397
00:13:58,235 --> 00:14:01,535
你到了河对岸之后还背着竹筏走路

398
00:14:01,556 --> 00:14:03,498
那就是新的执着了

399
00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:04,559
说到这里

400
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:06,778
我想回到花花那条留言

401
00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:08,119
她问的本质是

402
00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:09,459
中论 自己

403
00:14:09,680 --> 00:14:11,018
是不是也是一种

404
00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:13,398
以概念破概念的权宜之计

405
00:14:14,119 --> 00:14:15,018
当然是

406
00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:18,099
但这个当然是不是轻飘飘的

407
00:14:18,359 --> 00:14:20,498
你得真正用过这个工具

408
00:14:20,639 --> 00:14:22,059
用到它的极限

409
00:14:22,279 --> 00:14:26,138
用到它自己把自己消解掉的那个临界点

410
00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:30,339
你没法在概念层面计划什么时候放下概念

411
00:14:30,759 --> 00:14:33,138
就像你没法计划什么时候睡着

412
00:14:33,599 --> 00:14:34,959
你做好所有的准备

413
00:14:35,239 --> 00:14:36,059
躺下来

414
00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:36,638
放松

415
00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:39,562
然后入睡自己发生

416
00:14:39,902 --> 00:14:42,921
你用唯心识观做好了所有的分析准备

417
00:14:43,223 --> 00:14:46,001
你把意识运作的每一层都看见了

418
00:14:46,303 --> 00:14:47,442
然后某一刻

419
00:14:47,463 --> 00:14:51,362
你会发现连看见这个动作本身都是多余的

420
00:14:51,742 --> 00:14:53,001
看见消失了

421
00:14:53,183 --> 00:14:56,761
但你看见的那个东西比任何时候都清楚

422
00:14:57,223 --> 00:14:58,362
这不是矛盾

423
00:14:58,742 --> 00:15:00,521
这就是真如实观

424
00:15:00,943 --> 00:15:02,602
不是你在观真如

425
00:15:02,902 --> 00:15:04,962
是真如自己显现了

426
00:15:05,303 --> 00:15:07,702
因为挡在它面前的所有概念

427
00:15:07,703 --> 00:15:10,749
已经被你一层一层拿掉了

428
00:15:10,930 --> 00:15:12,589
我们这个系列做到现在

429
00:15:12,690 --> 00:15:15,589
一直在做的事情就是唯心识观

430
00:15:15,889 --> 00:15:17,989
用预测编码拆解大脑

431
00:15:18,009 --> 00:15:20,028
用唯识学拆解意识

432
00:15:20,050 --> 00:15:22,709
用现代科学拆解古老经典

433
00:15:23,050 --> 00:15:24,589
一期一期地分析

434
00:15:24,649 --> 00:15:26,628
一个概念一个概念地拆

435
00:15:27,009 --> 00:15:28,189
这是必要的

436
00:15:28,529 --> 00:15:31,066
而且我会继续做下去

437
00:15:31,647 --> 00:15:34,105
但今天我想诚实地说一句

438
00:15:34,527 --> 00:15:36,706
我大概还站在那个屋顶上

439
00:15:37,086 --> 00:15:38,346
梯子搭了不少

440
00:15:38,527 --> 00:15:41,226
屋顶的风景已经让我很震撼了

441
00:15:41,447 --> 00:15:43,666
但天空到底是什么样子

442
00:15:43,767 --> 00:15:45,745
我自己还没亲眼见过

443
00:15:46,086 --> 00:15:47,285
我知道它在那儿

444
00:15:47,647 --> 00:15:49,306
我能描述它的方向

445
00:15:49,486 --> 00:15:52,666
但我没法告诉你它摸起来是什么感觉

446
00:15:53,167 --> 00:15:54,926
所以你在评论区看到

447
00:15:55,287 --> 00:15:56,645
像十三兄那样

448
00:15:56,647 --> 00:15:58,206
分享实修体验的朋友

449
00:15:58,687 --> 00:15:59,785
请认真看

450
00:16:00,086 --> 00:16:01,846
他们的描述不是概念

451
00:16:02,126 --> 00:16:03,066
是风景

452
00:16:03,287 --> 00:16:04,946
他们不是在讲道理

453
00:16:05,006 --> 00:16:08,265
他们是在告诉你从山顶看到了什么

454
00:16:08,567 --> 00:16:10,565
你现在手里拿的是哪把钥匙

455
00:16:11,046 --> 00:16:13,326
你到了该换手的那个时刻了吗

456
00:16:13,886 --> 00:16:15,765
还是你连第一把都没拿稳

457
00:16:16,366 --> 00:16:18,866
这个问题只有你自己知道答案

458
00:16:19,006 --> 00:16:20,486
但至少现在你知道了

459
00:16:20,766 --> 00:16:22,065
有两把钥匙

460
00:16:22,126 --> 00:16:23,206
一把用来拆锁

461
00:16:23,487 --> 00:16:24,826
一把用来推门

462
00:16:25,207 --> 00:16:28,866
先拆到你发现门从来就没锁上过的那一刻

463
00:16:29,046 --> 00:16:31,825
然后轻轻推一下就好了

464
00:16:32,333 --> 00:16:32,977
我是王利杰

465
00:16:33,236 --> 00:16:34,090
我们下期见