1 00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:01,333 Nagarjuna said 2 00:00:01,533 --> 00:00:02,766 All answers are traps 3 00:00:03,433 --> 00:00:04,900 No, he had a better answer. 4 00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:06,466 He proved it. 5 00:00:06,966 --> 00:00:08,133 As long as you're still looking for answers 6 00:00:08,566 --> 00:00:09,600 You've already fallen in. 7 00:00:10,533 --> 00:00:13,166 In the last issue, we dismantled the eight middle roads 8 00:00:13,300 --> 00:00:17,400 Nagarjuna removes the shell of cause and effect, time and motion with eight no words 9 00:00:18,333 --> 00:00:19,833 But what I'm going to talk about today 10 00:00:19,833 --> 00:00:21,766 Ten times more ruthless than the eight no middle way 11 00:00:22,466 --> 00:00:23,666 It's called four negatives. 12 00:00:24,433 --> 00:00:28,766 This is the most extreme logical operation ever written by humans two thousand years ago 13 00:00:28,766 --> 00:00:31,866 And to this day, mathematical logicians argue about it. 14 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:32,566 Hello 15 00:00:32,566 --> 00:00:33,600 Hello. 16 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:34,200 I am Wang Lijie 17 00:00:35,266 --> 00:00:36,200 Let me ask you a question 18 00:00:37,066 --> 00:00:38,800 Do you love your parents? 19 00:00:38,933 --> 00:00:39,700 Of course you do 20 00:00:40,566 --> 00:00:40,866 OK 21 00:00:41,166 --> 00:00:41,900 That was the first sentence. 22 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:42,433 Yes. 23 00:00:42,433 --> 00:00:43,333 Nagarjuna said 24 00:00:43,333 --> 00:00:44,433 Are you sure about that? 25 00:00:44,533 --> 00:00:46,333 Do you ever have a grudge against them? 26 00:00:46,333 --> 00:00:48,500 Have you ever wanted to escape? 27 00:00:48,600 --> 00:00:50,000 Let me rephrase that. 28 00:00:50,100 --> 00:00:51,366 You don't love them 29 00:00:51,466 --> 00:00:52,733 You said that's not right either. 30 00:00:52,766 --> 00:00:53,933 Of course I love them. 31 00:00:53,933 --> 00:00:55,066 It's just complicated sometimes. 32 00:00:55,833 --> 00:00:56,300 OK 33 00:00:56,700 --> 00:00:57,533 This is the second sentence 34 00:00:57,766 --> 00:00:58,233 without 35 00:00:58,566 --> 00:00:59,166 Nagarjuna said 36 00:00:59,600 --> 00:00:59,966 Not right either 37 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:01,633 You think about it. 38 00:01:01,833 --> 00:01:02,366 Fine 39 00:01:02,733 --> 00:01:03,833 I love and I don't love 40 00:01:03,833 --> 00:01:04,666 Love and hate 41 00:01:05,466 --> 00:01:06,666 This is the third sentence 42 00:01:06,666 --> 00:01:07,233 And some and none. 43 00:01:08,133 --> 00:01:09,033 Nagarjuna said 44 00:01:09,033 --> 00:01:09,633 That's not right. 45 00:01:10,133 --> 00:01:10,666 You are in a hurry 46 00:01:11,366 --> 00:01:13,133 Then I can't answer that question 47 00:01:13,133 --> 00:01:14,766 It goes beyond love and not love. 48 00:01:15,566 --> 00:01:16,433 This is the fourth sentence 49 00:01:16,833 --> 00:01:17,866 non-existent 50 00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:19,333 Nagarjuna said 51 00:01:19,366 --> 00:01:20,700 You are still answering 52 00:01:20,733 --> 00:01:22,533 Just a more delicate shell 53 00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:24,000 Four options. 54 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:24,600 negative all 55 00:01:25,433 --> 00:01:27,200 You may think this is just a bar 56 00:01:27,633 --> 00:01:29,166 But remember how you felt just now 57 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:32,633 When I asked you whether you love your parents or not 58 00:01:32,633 --> 00:01:36,066 Did a complicated thing flash through your mind in an instant? 59 00:01:36,066 --> 00:01:39,033 That kind of thing can't be packed with words at all 60 00:01:39,133 --> 00:01:42,100 Your true feelings are richer than any statement 61 00:01:42,133 --> 00:01:44,300 More subtle than any judgment 62 00:01:44,466 --> 00:01:45,666 And what Nagarjuna has to do 63 00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:48,466 It takes you back to where you were before the language. 64 00:01:48,633 --> 00:01:51,966 This is the most famous logical weapon in the history of Buddhism 65 00:01:51,966 --> 00:01:52,966 Four negatives 66 00:01:53,366 --> 00:01:55,366 It's called catuskoti. 67 00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:57,166 The literal translation is the four corners. 68 00:01:57,433 --> 00:01:59,500 It recurs in the theory 69 00:01:59,500 --> 00:02:03,100 But the most concentrated and lethal section is in the twenty-fifth freak 70 00:02:03,133 --> 00:02:04,466 Nirvana 71 00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:08,233 Nagarjuna said something that provoked almost all philosophers there 72 00:02:08,466 --> 00:02:09,766 After the destruction of the Tathagata 73 00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:11,100 You can't say he exists 74 00:02:11,133 --> 00:02:12,633 Can't say he doesn't exist 75 00:02:12,633 --> 00:02:15,233 It cannot be said that he exists and does not exist 76 00:02:15,233 --> 00:02:18,233 It cannot be said that he neither exists nor does not exist 77 00:02:18,566 --> 00:02:19,433 Four roads 78 00:02:19,466 --> 00:02:20,466 All blocked 79 00:02:21,233 --> 00:02:23,133 Do you think he's cheating? 80 00:02:23,300 --> 00:02:25,133 All options are negative 81 00:02:25,166 --> 00:02:27,000 So what are you trying to say? 82 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:27,900 Don't worry. 83 00:02:28,266 --> 00:02:31,300 This is precisely the most delicate part of the four negatives 84 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:33,666 Nagarjuna doesn't want to give you an answer 85 00:02:33,966 --> 00:02:35,400 He wants you to see 86 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:37,166 Why do you want an answer? 87 00:02:37,566 --> 00:02:38,933 Let's take it apart one by one. 88 00:02:39,333 --> 00:02:40,333 Let me start with the first sentence. 89 00:02:40,866 --> 00:02:41,900 Why is that? 90 00:02:41,900 --> 00:02:42,466 Yes. 91 00:02:42,500 --> 00:02:43,500 Is wrong 92 00:02:43,966 --> 00:02:45,566 A tree stands in front of you 93 00:02:45,566 --> 00:02:46,666 You say it exists 94 00:02:47,133 --> 00:02:48,033 Then I ask you 95 00:02:48,033 --> 00:02:49,733 Does it exist independently? 96 00:02:49,933 --> 00:02:51,466 Can it escape the soil? 97 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:53,100 Can you get rid of moisture? 98 00:02:53,266 --> 00:02:54,700 Can you live without the sun? 99 00:02:54,866 --> 00:02:57,266 Without the genetic code in the seed? 100 00:02:57,400 --> 00:03:01,300 Away from the eyes and the brain that you're looking at? 101 00:03:01,666 --> 00:03:03,000 We talked about it in the last issue. 102 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:05,600 The core of the eight untruths is dependent origin 103 00:03:06,133 --> 00:03:09,000 All phenomena are the result of karma and karma 104 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,900 Nothing exists by itself 105 00:03:12,533 --> 00:03:13,900 You say trees exist 106 00:03:13,900 --> 00:03:15,166 Actually what you said is 107 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:19,233 A bunch of conditions just happened to come together at this moment 108 00:03:19,266 --> 00:03:21,600 It takes on a pattern that you call a tree. 109 00:03:21,966 --> 00:03:23,666 You remove any condition 110 00:03:23,700 --> 00:03:26,166 The pattern changes or even disappears 111 00:03:26,233 --> 00:03:27,033 So 112 00:03:27,033 --> 00:03:27,766 Yes. 113 00:03:27,766 --> 00:03:30,100 The word implies a hidden premise 114 00:03:31,033 --> 00:03:36,066 That is, things have an independent, fixed, independent nature that does not depend on any conditions 115 00:03:36,966 --> 00:03:40,800 And Nagarjuna's entire theory is proving one thing 116 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:41,733 Self is not established 117 00:03:42,666 --> 00:03:44,500 Origin is no self-nature 118 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:45,466 Emptiness without self 119 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:47,600 Since there is no self 120 00:03:47,633 --> 00:03:49,400 What makes you think it exists? 121 00:03:49,566 --> 00:03:50,900 The existence you mentioned 122 00:03:50,900 --> 00:03:53,366 Just a bunch of makeshift scaffolding 123 00:03:54,300 --> 00:03:56,333 You treat it as a real building 124 00:03:56,966 --> 00:03:58,100 This, AI 125 00:03:58,133 --> 00:04:00,733 It should be particularly easy for you to understand the times 126 00:04:00,766 --> 00:04:02,900 You see a picture on the screen 127 00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:04,133 Does it exist? 128 00:04:04,266 --> 00:04:06,000 It's a bunch of pixels, a piece of code. 129 00:04:06,633 --> 00:04:08,566 A temporary combination of electrical signals 130 00:04:09,433 --> 00:04:10,533 You turn off the screen. 131 00:04:10,566 --> 00:04:11,300 The picture is gone. 132 00:04:12,133 --> 00:04:13,400 You say it exists 133 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:14,700 Actually what you said is 134 00:04:14,733 --> 00:04:17,533 A set of conditions happens to exhibit patterns that you can recognize 135 00:04:18,566 --> 00:04:20,500 Nagarjuna was demolished 2,000 years ago 136 00:04:20,533 --> 00:04:21,333 It's the same thing. 137 00:04:22,133 --> 00:04:23,866 The world you thought was solid 138 00:04:23,900 --> 00:04:26,266 It's actually rendered frame by frame in real time. 139 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:29,800 Each frame depends on an infinite number of conditions being online simultaneously. 140 00:04:30,666 --> 00:04:32,166 Any condition is broken. 141 00:04:32,166 --> 00:04:32,800 The picture changes 142 00:04:34,200 --> 00:04:36,533 You call this frame existence 143 00:04:36,533 --> 00:04:38,933 But it was never a fixed thing 144 00:04:38,966 --> 00:04:40,533 It's an ongoing event. 145 00:04:41,533 --> 00:04:42,333 OK 146 00:04:42,333 --> 00:04:44,033 So what about "none"? 147 00:04:44,500 --> 00:04:45,700 You say trees don't exist 148 00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:47,400 This is even more ridiculous 149 00:04:48,166 --> 00:04:50,633 There's something photosynthesizing in front of you. 150 00:04:50,900 --> 00:04:51,933 Growing leaves 151 00:04:51,966 --> 00:04:52,800 In the result 152 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:55,366 You deny its phenomenal manifestation 153 00:04:55,700 --> 00:04:57,066 What are you denying? 154 00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:00,300 What you're denying is your own perceptual experience. 155 00:05:00,766 --> 00:05:01,900 This is not wisdom. 156 00:05:02,066 --> 00:05:03,366 That's a lie. 157 00:05:03,566 --> 00:05:05,200 No problem goes deeper 158 00:05:05,766 --> 00:05:06,766 It has a mirror image. 159 00:05:07,600 --> 00:05:08,433 You say none 160 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:11,466 You've actually preset a reference 161 00:05:12,100 --> 00:05:14,266 You imagine something that exists. 162 00:05:14,533 --> 00:05:15,600 Then deny it 163 00:05:16,266 --> 00:05:17,533 The harder you deny 164 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,666 It means that the clearer the shadow in your heart is 165 00:05:21,233 --> 00:05:23,733 Like the more you try not to think about the white elephant 166 00:05:24,100 --> 00:05:25,833 The bigger the white elephant gets. 167 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:29,433 This is why nihilism is not the end of the dragon tree 168 00:05:30,266 --> 00:05:31,733 Many people misread the Middle Way 169 00:05:32,133 --> 00:05:34,666 I thought Nagarjuna was saying that nothing exists 170 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:36,100 Everything is empty. 171 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:37,800 So there's nothing left to do. 172 00:05:38,366 --> 00:05:39,733 This is a big misunderstanding 173 00:05:40,500 --> 00:05:41,933 Nagarjuna denies there is 174 00:05:41,933 --> 00:05:43,300 Also negate nothing 175 00:05:43,533 --> 00:05:44,666 Empty is not empty 176 00:05:45,233 --> 00:05:47,233 Empty is not what you think it is 177 00:05:48,233 --> 00:05:50,566 If you treat emptiness as a kind of nothingness 178 00:05:50,866 --> 00:05:53,300 Then you just jumped from one pit into another 179 00:05:53,733 --> 00:05:56,333 Nagarjuna himself explicitly warned in the middle theory 180 00:05:56,600 --> 00:05:57,400 To the effect that 181 00:05:57,633 --> 00:06:00,000 Emptiness is used to let go of all attachments 182 00:06:00,466 --> 00:06:02,966 If you in turn cling to emptiness itself 183 00:06:03,100 --> 00:06:04,200 There's no cure. 184 00:06:04,700 --> 00:06:05,600 Then the third sentence 185 00:06:06,166 --> 00:06:07,266 And some and none. 186 00:06:07,766 --> 00:06:09,766 It's the classic placebo of human reason. 187 00:06:10,466 --> 00:06:11,200 You say 188 00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:12,066 OK. 189 00:06:12,066 --> 00:06:14,166 Then it exists to some extent 190 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:16,300 To some extent it doesn't exist 191 00:06:16,333 --> 00:06:17,500 That's all right 192 00:06:17,666 --> 00:06:19,066 Sounds dialectical 193 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:20,066 Very two-sided view of the problem 194 00:06:20,833 --> 00:06:23,233 Many philosophical systems stop at this point 195 00:06:23,733 --> 00:06:25,666 Hegel's dialectics stops there. 196 00:06:26,133 --> 00:06:28,266 Theme, Anti-Theme, Combined Theme 197 00:06:28,933 --> 00:06:31,566 Modern physics also often stops here 198 00:06:31,566 --> 00:06:33,633 Light is both a particle and a wave 199 00:06:33,966 --> 00:06:35,100 You could even say 200 00:06:35,133 --> 00:06:38,466 Most of the judgments of our daily lives also stop here 201 00:06:38,733 --> 00:06:40,533 You ask someone if they are happy in their marriage 202 00:06:40,866 --> 00:06:42,166 He would probably say 203 00:06:42,166 --> 00:06:43,266 There are good and bad 204 00:06:43,900 --> 00:06:46,400 You ask an entrepreneur how the company is doing 205 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:47,600 He will also say 206 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:49,333 There are achievements and difficulties 207 00:06:49,866 --> 00:06:52,866 That sounds like the most reasonable and moderate answer. 208 00:06:52,866 --> 00:06:56,366 It just stacks two opposites on top of each other. 209 00:06:56,400 --> 00:06:58,333 Pretend to be standing in the middle 210 00:06:58,533 --> 00:06:59,833 But Nagarjuna doesn't buy it 211 00:07:00,133 --> 00:07:00,766 Why is that? 212 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:02,933 Because there is no such thing. 213 00:07:02,966 --> 00:07:04,300 It looks round. 214 00:07:04,300 --> 00:07:06,633 In fact, it secretly does one thing 215 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:10,633 It treats both existence and non-existence as real, stackable properties. 216 00:07:11,266 --> 00:07:14,133 You say something exists and doesn't exist 217 00:07:14,133 --> 00:07:17,666 Then you must think in your heart that existence is a state of reality. 218 00:07:18,100 --> 00:07:20,466 Non-existence is also a state of reality 219 00:07:20,866 --> 00:07:23,366 So it can be both at the same time. 220 00:07:23,866 --> 00:07:25,966 You think you transcend binary opposites 221 00:07:26,233 --> 00:07:28,666 In fact, you just packaged the binary opposition 222 00:07:29,433 --> 00:07:32,766 But Nagarjuna has already proven in the first and second sentences 223 00:07:33,033 --> 00:07:35,166 There is something and there is nothing. 224 00:07:35,733 --> 00:07:37,966 Two things that don't hold together 225 00:07:37,966 --> 00:07:39,200 It still doesn't work. 226 00:07:39,466 --> 00:07:43,100 You can't stack two blank checks and say you're rich 227 00:07:43,266 --> 00:07:44,566 Finally, the fourth sentence 228 00:07:45,100 --> 00:07:46,100 non-existent 229 00:07:46,333 --> 00:07:48,500 This is the most gullible sentence 230 00:07:48,533 --> 00:07:51,133 It is also the sentence that makes practitioners stumble the most 231 00:07:51,433 --> 00:07:52,233 You say 232 00:07:52,266 --> 00:07:53,666 Then I won't say anything. 233 00:07:53,666 --> 00:07:54,966 I'm not saying it exists. 234 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:56,333 It doesn't exist. 235 00:07:56,600 --> 00:07:57,900 I suspend judgment 236 00:07:57,900 --> 00:07:59,000 Keep silent. 237 00:07:59,033 --> 00:08:00,366 That's okay, right? 238 00:08:00,533 --> 00:08:02,133 That sounds really zen. 239 00:08:02,166 --> 00:08:03,100 Okay? 240 00:08:03,233 --> 00:08:04,233 Nagarjuna said 241 00:08:04,233 --> 00:08:04,933 No way. 242 00:08:05,466 --> 00:08:08,000 Because non-existence is still a position. 243 00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:09,866 You say I don't choose 244 00:08:09,866 --> 00:08:11,466 That in itself is a choice 245 00:08:11,866 --> 00:08:13,266 You say I don't define 246 00:08:13,266 --> 00:08:15,166 That's a definition in itself. 247 00:08:15,333 --> 00:08:17,366 You say I'm beyond what's and what's not 248 00:08:17,366 --> 00:08:19,966 The transcendence itself is yet another concept. 249 00:08:20,266 --> 00:08:22,066 It's still in the conceptual playground. 250 00:08:23,066 --> 00:08:24,566 You respond with silence 251 00:08:24,966 --> 00:08:27,333 Silence becomes your fifth answer 252 00:08:27,733 --> 00:08:30,800 And that's what's really shocking about the four negatives. 253 00:08:31,366 --> 00:08:33,466 It's not a no four answer. 254 00:08:33,466 --> 00:08:35,800 It's a no. The whole thing. 255 00:08:36,333 --> 00:08:38,866 It's not a point of view you want to take down. 256 00:08:39,233 --> 00:08:41,500 It's the mechanism by which you hold your opinion. 257 00:08:42,233 --> 00:08:44,466 I'll give you an analogy that you might understand right away 258 00:08:45,266 --> 00:08:46,933 Have you ever experienced insomnia? 259 00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:49,533 You lie in bed tossing and turning 260 00:08:50,100 --> 00:08:51,200 Tell yourself first 261 00:08:51,233 --> 00:08:52,233 I want to fall asleep 262 00:08:52,433 --> 00:08:53,033 useless 263 00:08:53,466 --> 00:08:54,833 Then tell yourself 264 00:08:55,066 --> 00:08:56,633 I don't want to think about falling asleep 265 00:08:57,500 --> 00:08:58,266 More useless 266 00:08:58,900 --> 00:09:00,100 And then you think. 267 00:09:00,100 --> 00:09:02,933 I want to relax without trying to relax too much 268 00:09:03,366 --> 00:09:04,300 Brain is more messed up 269 00:09:04,866 --> 00:09:05,800 Finally, you want to 270 00:09:06,166 --> 00:09:07,866 Forget it. I don't want anything else. 271 00:09:08,566 --> 00:09:10,400 As a result, I don't want anything anymore. 272 00:09:10,566 --> 00:09:12,266 That's a big idea in itself. 273 00:09:12,500 --> 00:09:13,866 It's buzzing in your head. 274 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:15,500 All four sentences are stuck 275 00:09:15,766 --> 00:09:17,433 So when did you actually fall asleep? 276 00:09:17,900 --> 00:09:19,133 It was you who suddenly realized 277 00:09:19,166 --> 00:09:21,100 You are no longer among these four options. 278 00:09:21,733 --> 00:09:23,266 It's not that you chose to quit 279 00:09:23,566 --> 00:09:25,900 It's that you quit without knowing it 280 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:28,233 Once you know you're out 281 00:09:28,266 --> 00:09:29,400 You go in again 282 00:09:30,066 --> 00:09:32,533 Nagarjuna's four negatives point to this 283 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:35,233 Reality is not one of the four options 284 00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:38,733 It's not the fifth option to go beyond the above four 285 00:09:39,466 --> 00:09:42,066 The reality is when you no longer need options 286 00:09:42,100 --> 00:09:43,600 Something that comes naturally. 287 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:44,966 You might ask 288 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,366 Does this have anything to do with modern logic? 289 00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:48,500 The relationship is too big 290 00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:51,166 In classical Aristotelian logic 291 00:09:51,166 --> 00:09:52,800 A proposition is either true 292 00:09:52,833 --> 00:09:53,966 Either fake 293 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:55,633 There is no third possibility 294 00:09:55,866 --> 00:09:56,966 It's called the law of excluded middle 295 00:09:57,500 --> 00:09:58,733 For more than two thousand years 296 00:09:58,766 --> 00:10:01,233 The whole of Western logic is based on this 297 00:10:02,100 --> 00:10:05,433 Nagarjuna's four negatives directly challenge this rule 298 00:10:05,766 --> 00:10:09,233 A thing can be neither true nor false 299 00:10:09,500 --> 00:10:11,266 The foundations of logic have been pried open 300 00:10:11,966 --> 00:10:14,333 In the 20th century, there was an Australian logician 301 00:10:14,500 --> 00:10:16,066 Graham Priest. 302 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:19,600 He proposed something called paraconsistent logic 303 00:10:20,333 --> 00:10:21,700 In classical logic 304 00:10:21,700 --> 00:10:23,900 If there is a conflict in a system 305 00:10:23,933 --> 00:10:25,666 The whole system will crash 306 00:10:25,666 --> 00:10:27,433 Anything can be deduced 307 00:10:27,433 --> 00:10:28,900 It's called the explosion principle. 308 00:10:29,133 --> 00:10:30,966 But in paraconsistent logic 309 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:32,600 Contradiction doesn't cause an explosion 310 00:10:32,933 --> 00:10:35,500 A proposition can be both true and false at the same time 311 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:37,400 And the system works. 312 00:10:37,866 --> 00:10:40,333 Priest wrote a famous treatise on it. 313 00:10:40,666 --> 00:10:42,733 The title is called the logic of four sentences 314 00:10:43,100 --> 00:10:46,800 Direct Modeling of Dragon Tree Reasoning with Modern Non-Classical Logic 315 00:10:47,300 --> 00:10:49,500 A 2,000-year-old Indian monk 316 00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:52,133 Inspired the frontiers of mathematical logic in the 21st century 317 00:10:52,566 --> 00:10:54,500 This is not Eastern mysticism. 318 00:10:54,533 --> 00:10:56,366 It's hardcore, logical innovation. 319 00:10:57,066 --> 00:10:58,700 There's a deeper connection. 320 00:10:59,633 --> 00:11:01,600 Gödel's incompleteness theorem proved that 321 00:11:01,900 --> 00:11:03,900 Any sufficiently complex formal system 322 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:07,700 There are propositions within the system that cannot be proven to be true or false 323 00:11:08,133 --> 00:11:09,066 In other words 324 00:11:09,500 --> 00:11:12,300 Logic cannot fully describe itself with its own rules 325 00:11:12,900 --> 00:11:14,766 You frame the world with logic. 326 00:11:15,066 --> 00:11:16,800 There is always a corner you can't frame 327 00:11:17,466 --> 00:11:19,633 And what Nagarjuna said two thousand years ago 328 00:11:19,633 --> 00:11:21,266 Translated into modern language is 329 00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:25,200 No conceptual framework can fully capture reality 330 00:11:25,466 --> 00:11:27,333 No matter how sophisticated your frame is 331 00:11:27,566 --> 00:11:30,766 Reality always leaks through the gaps in concepts 332 00:11:31,266 --> 00:11:33,366 Gödel proved this mathematically. 333 00:11:33,866 --> 00:11:36,766 Nagarjuna experienced this in four negative sentences 334 00:11:37,466 --> 00:11:39,066 Two thousand years apart 335 00:11:39,333 --> 00:11:40,600 One starts with mathematics 336 00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:42,233 One begins with meditation. 337 00:11:42,633 --> 00:11:44,266 Finally hit the same wall 338 00:11:45,066 --> 00:11:46,400 That wall is 339 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:49,733 Thought can never completely surround what is beyond thought 340 00:11:50,533 --> 00:11:51,733 You fish for water with a net. 341 00:11:52,100 --> 00:11:53,200 No matter how dense the network is 342 00:11:53,566 --> 00:11:55,066 The water always runs out of the mesh 343 00:11:55,900 --> 00:11:57,033 But please note 344 00:11:57,300 --> 00:11:59,333 Nagarjuna is not an anti-logicist 345 00:11:59,933 --> 00:12:00,966 This is so important 346 00:12:01,966 --> 00:12:03,433 He's not saying that logic is useless. 347 00:12:04,066 --> 00:12:07,100 He wrote his own arguments using rigorous logical reasoning 348 00:12:07,700 --> 00:12:09,333 Every argument is interconnected 349 00:12:10,233 --> 00:12:12,466 He is using logic to prove the boundaries of logic 350 00:12:13,333 --> 00:12:15,333 He uses concepts to point out the limitations of concepts 351 00:12:16,566 --> 00:12:17,700 It's like a fire. 352 00:12:17,966 --> 00:12:19,766 Burn everything that can be burned 353 00:12:20,266 --> 00:12:21,600 Finally, I burned myself 354 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:23,533 This fire is not destruction 355 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:25,033 It's clearance. 356 00:12:25,433 --> 00:12:27,133 After clearing all occlusions 357 00:12:27,500 --> 00:12:30,433 You can see what's always behind the fire. 358 00:12:30,866 --> 00:12:34,166 Do you know what Wittgenstein said at the end of his theory of logical philosophy? 359 00:12:34,566 --> 00:12:35,233 So he says. 360 00:12:35,500 --> 00:12:36,800 Anything unspeakable 361 00:12:37,033 --> 00:12:38,066 We must be silent 362 00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:40,933 Nagarjuna predates him by 1,700 years 363 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:43,100 And Nagarjuna goes even further. 364 00:12:43,733 --> 00:12:46,366 Wittgenstein stopped talking about silence 365 00:12:46,733 --> 00:12:49,200 Nagarjuna won't even let you stop being silent 366 00:12:49,833 --> 00:12:52,433 Because once you take silence as a position 367 00:12:52,433 --> 00:12:54,200 As a high-level gesture 368 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:56,300 You are already in the fourth sentence 369 00:12:56,433 --> 00:12:57,766 Then some people will say 370 00:12:57,766 --> 00:12:59,600 You blocked all the roads 371 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:00,733 Is there a way out? 372 00:13:01,033 --> 00:13:02,633 What's the point of practicing? 373 00:13:03,066 --> 00:13:03,800 There is a way 374 00:13:04,266 --> 00:13:06,433 But that road is not in the concept 375 00:13:07,166 --> 00:13:10,166 The function of four negatives is not to make you despair 376 00:13:10,166 --> 00:13:12,933 But after you've cornered your mind 377 00:13:12,966 --> 00:13:14,833 Where there is no way out 378 00:13:14,866 --> 00:13:16,300 You suddenly find 379 00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:18,233 The wall itself is an illusion 380 00:13:18,266 --> 00:13:20,100 No, you need an exit. 381 00:13:20,566 --> 00:13:24,100 It's the fact that you think you're stuck. 382 00:13:24,100 --> 00:13:25,700 The greatest illusion 383 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:28,466 What's holding you back is never reality 384 00:13:28,833 --> 00:13:30,533 It's your judgment about reality 385 00:13:31,166 --> 00:13:33,600 Like you're not trapped in a room 386 00:13:34,166 --> 00:13:37,100 You are trapped by what you think is only one door 387 00:13:38,233 --> 00:13:39,933 When you stop looking for the door 388 00:13:40,066 --> 00:13:41,066 You just noticed 389 00:13:41,300 --> 00:13:43,200 This room has no walls. 390 00:13:43,700 --> 00:13:46,366 In the last issue, when I talked about the eight no middle ways, I said 391 00:13:46,366 --> 00:13:48,100 Empty is not a thing 392 00:13:48,133 --> 00:13:49,800 Empty is a clear 393 00:13:50,166 --> 00:13:53,166 Four negatives are the ultimate in clearing 394 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,266 It takes all your conceptual crutches away. 395 00:13:56,566 --> 00:13:58,066 Not to make you fall 396 00:13:58,066 --> 00:13:59,300 But for you to find 397 00:13:59,333 --> 00:14:01,166 You were actually standing the whole time. 398 00:14:01,500 --> 00:14:03,600 Cutches are not for supporting you 399 00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,666 A cane is something that makes you think you need support. 400 00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:08,500 Buddhism calls this 401 00:14:08,833 --> 00:14:09,833 Speech break 402 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:11,133 Heart death 403 00:14:12,033 --> 00:14:13,300 Language is Broken 404 00:14:13,466 --> 00:14:15,133 The movement of the mind also stops 405 00:14:15,633 --> 00:14:17,066 You didn't stop it on your own initiative. 406 00:14:17,300 --> 00:14:18,466 The road is over. 407 00:14:18,666 --> 00:14:19,666 Naturally stopped 408 00:14:20,333 --> 00:14:21,866 And at that moment of stopping 409 00:14:22,100 --> 00:14:23,466 What you are looking for 410 00:14:23,733 --> 00:14:25,366 It's actually been there all along. 411 00:14:25,966 --> 00:14:27,233 It doesn't need to be found. 412 00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:29,266 Because it has never been lost. 413 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:31,600 I often see friends in the comment area asking 414 00:14:31,666 --> 00:14:33,100 You say don't be persistent 415 00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:35,800 But isn't non-attachment itself a kind of attachment? 416 00:14:36,266 --> 00:14:38,933 That's the four negatives in everyday life. 417 00:14:39,466 --> 00:14:40,233 Here's the answer. 418 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:41,200 Right. 419 00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:43,066 You deliberately don't cling to it. 420 00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:45,466 It's a more refined kind of obsession. 421 00:14:45,933 --> 00:14:50,300 But when you really see through that attachment and non-attachment are concept games 422 00:14:50,566 --> 00:14:51,933 You don't need to cling 423 00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:53,300 You don't have to be clingy. 424 00:14:53,733 --> 00:14:54,800 You are just alive 425 00:14:54,966 --> 00:14:56,466 What to do 426 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:58,533 This state has no name 427 00:14:58,866 --> 00:15:00,933 Once you name it enlightenment 428 00:15:01,333 --> 00:15:03,033 It becomes the word there in the first sentence 429 00:15:03,700 --> 00:15:06,433 And that's where the four negatives end up. 430 00:15:07,133 --> 00:15:08,033 Not nothingness 431 00:15:08,133 --> 00:15:09,300 It's not rocket science. 432 00:15:09,633 --> 00:15:11,466 But a very ordinary freedom 433 00:15:12,133 --> 00:15:14,066 Like the morning you stopped losing sleep 434 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:16,933 You have no idea how you fell asleep. 435 00:15:17,366 --> 00:15:18,033 You only know 436 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:19,700 You stop trying to fall asleep 437 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,666 We finished the middle theory of Nagarjuna in two phases 438 00:15:23,133 --> 00:15:24,333 The last issue talked about the eight not middle way 439 00:15:24,666 --> 00:15:26,066 This issue talks about four negatives 440 00:15:26,766 --> 00:15:27,833 A dismantling shell 441 00:15:28,033 --> 00:15:29,000 A demerger 442 00:15:29,666 --> 00:15:33,066 If the eight non-middle path is to dismantle the inherent properties of things 443 00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:37,600 Those four negations even called into question the legitimacy of the act of dismantling itself 444 00:15:38,133 --> 00:15:39,333 He was more than just a philosopher. 445 00:15:40,233 --> 00:15:41,700 He's the ultimate hacker of logic. 446 00:15:42,166 --> 00:15:43,533 In the system's own language 447 00:15:43,900 --> 00:15:45,833 Breaking through the system's own defenses 448 00:15:46,533 --> 00:15:48,900 You think four negatives are the end of logic? 449 00:15:49,333 --> 00:15:51,333 Or the starting point for the awakening of the logical self 450 00:15:51,866 --> 00:15:52,833 In your life 451 00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:56,233 Was there ever a moment when nothing was the answer? 452 00:15:56,666 --> 00:15:59,633 And you suddenly breathe a sigh of relief in confusion 453 00:16:00,533 --> 00:16:01,333 I am Wang Lijie 454 00:16:01,466 --> 00:16:02,400 See you next time.